Physical Chemistry AS

I can describe the structure of an atom

I can describe the mass and charge on each of the subatomic particles

i can describe using experimental evidence, the development of models of the atom

I can explain the formation of ions

I can explain the existence of isotopes

i can use a periodic table to determine the number of portions, neutrons and electrons
and atom, isotope or ion has

i can calculate relative atomic mass from data about isotopes

I can describe the principle behind the use of a time of flight mass spectrometer

I can explain how a time of flight mass spectrometer can determine the relative mass
and abundance of isotopes

I can interpret data from a time of flight mass spectrometer

I can draw and write the electron configuration of elements using shells, sub-shells and
orbitals

I can define the term first ionization enthalpy

i can write equations to show ionization enthalpies

I can describe the evidence of electron shell

i can define the term relative atomic mass

i can define the term relative molecular mass

I can determine the relative molecular mass or the relative formula mass of a compound

i can define the term Avogadro constant

I can define the term the term mole

i can undertake calculations the involve the Avogadro constant

I can undertake calculations that involve the number of moles

i can use the equation pV=nRT

I can recall and use the standard units for the parts if pV=nRT

I can define the term empirical formula

i can define the term molecular formula

i can determine the empirical formula for a compound

i can determine the molecular formula for a compound

i can balance chemical equations

I can apply state symbols to a chemical equation

I can construct balances chemical equations

i can use and apply the general salt equations

i can calculate percentage yield

I can describe why percentage yield may not be 100%

i can calculate atom economy

i can describe the ways we can improve atom economy

i can calculate the volume of gases

i can calculate volume and concentration

I can determine the formula of a hydrated salt

i can define the term ionic bond

I can draw dot and cross diagrams to illustrate ionic bonding

i can recall the formula of common ions and subsequently determine the formula of
ionic compounds

i can determine the term covalent bond

i can determine the term dative covalent bond

I can draw dot and cross diagrams to illustrate covalent bonding including dative
coordinate bonding

i can define the term metallic bond

i can explain the properties of metallic bonding with relation of the structure

i can explain the properties of ionic bonding with relation to the structure of ionic
compounds

i can explain the properties of simple covalent and giant covalent compounds with
relation to the structure

i can explain the properties of metallic bonding with relative to the structure

i can describe the difference between the four types of structures

I can describe the structure of the following crystals structures eg diamond graphite ice
iodine magnesium and sodium chloride

I can apply what I know about crystal structure to new situations

I can determine and accurately draw the shapes and bond angles of compounds

i can explain and use electron pair repulsion theory

i can explain the difference between lone pair- lone pain, lone pair- bond pair , bond pair
- bond pair repulsion

i can use electronegativity of different elements to determine if a molecule has polarity

i can descrive the movement of electrons with a polar bond

i can draw diagrams and indicate bond polarity

i can describe induced dipole interactions

i can describe interactions that involve a permanent dipole

i can describe how the bonding between molecules affect boiling point

i can describe hydrogen bonding

i can explain the anomalous properties that arise due to hydrogen bonding

I can define the term enthalpy change

i can define the term standard enthalpy change of combustion and formation

Standard conditions

i can describe how to use calorimetry to determine the energy released from a
substance

I can use the equations q=mct

hess’s law - combustion and formation

i can define the term bond enthalpy

i can define the term activation energy and rate of reaction

Why most collisions dont result in a reaction and what is needed for 2 particles to react

i can draw the Maxwell boatman distribution curve

i can explain how the curve works and how it changes due to difference temperatures

i can use the collision theory to explain how the temperature affects rate of reaction

Define what a catalyst is and how a catalyst affects the rate of reaction

i can define the term reversible reaction

i can define the term equilibrium

Le chatelliers principle

Effect of catalyst on the position of equilibrium

why the conditions used in industrial reactions may be compromise

i can define the term KC and be able to calculate

i can recall rules for assigning oxidation states

i can define oxidation reduction and redox

I can write half equations and combine the half equations

Physical Chemistry A level

i can define the term lattice enthalpy, enthalpy of atomisation,ethalpy of formation,

ionsiation enthalpy, bond enthalpy, ectron affinity ,ethalpy of hydration.

born haber cycle calculations

I can use the data from the cycles to determine if a compound shows covalent
character in ionic bonding

I can define the term entropy changes and be able to calculate entropy changes

I can describe the difference between entropy and enthalpy

I can define the term Gibbs free energy change , calculate and determine if a reaction is
feasible or not

I can determine the temperature which causes the reaction to be feasible or not

I can define the term rate equation, order of reaction, rate constant

I can construct rate equations in the form Rate = k [A] [B]

I can relate orders of reactions to experimental data

I can explain how the rate constant changes with temperature

I can calculate using ln k = -E/RT +lnA k = Ae^ -Ea/RT

I can use ln k = -E/RT +lnA to plot a graph with gradient -Ea/R

I can determine the rate equation experimentally

I can use the orders of reactants to suggest a mechanism

I can determine the rate of reaction from a concentration time graph

I can recognize the 1st order zero order and second order graph with respect to a
reactant

I can determine the rate limiting step for a reaction

Define Kp

Kp calculations

Effect of temperature and catalyst on position of equilibrium

I can follow IUPAC conventions and write half equations for electrode reactions

I define the term standard hydrogen electrode and recall the conditions for the standard
electrode potential

I can use standard electrode potentials to predict the direction of redox reaction

I can can calculate EMF

How can electrochemical cells be used commercially

I can describe the electrode reactions in a lithium cell

I can describe the difference between rechargeable and non rechargeable cells
I can describe how a fuel cells works

I can describe the reactions in a hydrogen - oxygen fuel cell

I can define the term acid and base , strong acid and weak acid

I can recall which acids are strong acids and which are weak

I can calculate the pH of a strong acid using pH = -log [H+]

I can describe how water is partially dissociated

I can derive Kw and how it varies with temperature

I can calculate using Kw = [H+][OH-]

I can describe the difference between strong acid and weak acids

I can define the term dissociation constant for a weak acid , Ka

I can construct an expression for Ka and calculate using pKa = -log Ka

I can carry out a titration

I can recognise, sketch and interpret pH curves

I can define the term buffer

I can differentiate between an acid buffer and a basic buffer

I can recall applications of buffer solutions

I can calculate pH of buffer solutions