Topics for the Chem 104 Final Examination

1) Electronic Structure of Atoms

a. Understand the wave nature of light as it relates to the
electromagnetic spectrum.
b. Understand and perform calculations involving wavelength,
frequency and energy of light.
c. Understand the Bohr Model of the atom and energy transitions.
Perform calculations to determine the energy of the levels of the Bohr
model and the energy released, their frequency and wavelength.
d. Use quantum mechanics to determine the four quantum number’s; ‘n’,
‘l’,’ml’, and ‘ms’.
e. Understand and use the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion
Principle and Hund’s rule to determine the correct electron structure
of a many-electron atom.
f. Be able to write both the ground state electron configuration as well
as the condensed electron configuration.
2) Periodic Properties
a. Understand the concept of effective nuclear charge and principal
quantum number.
b. Be able to determine the periodic trends of atomic radius (size),
ionization energy (first, second, etc), electron affinity and electro-
negativity.
c. Be able to explain the reasons for these periodic trends.
3) Basic Concepts of Bonding
a. Be able to define lattice energy and arrange ionic crystals using this
energy.
b. Be able to arrange ionic crystals in an isoelectronic series.
c. Understand the concept of Lewis symbols, (valence electrons vs core
electrons), the octet rule.
d. Be able to use electro-negativities do determine bond polarity
(nonpolar covalent, polar covalent and ionic) within the molecule.
e. Be able to draw the correct Lewis structures for both molecules and
ions whether the central atom has less than an octet, an octet or an
expanded octet.
f. Understand the concept of resonance structures and be able to draw
their Lewis structures.
g. Be able to use formal charges to determine the most stable resonance
structure.
4) Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theory
a. Use the VSEPR theory to determine the number of electron domains,
the electron domain geometry (bond angles), and the molecular
geometry.
b. Understand how lone pairs of electrons and multiple bonds affect
molecular geometry as it relates to bond angles.
c. Understand how molecular shape and polarity are related.
 d. Understand how atomic orbitals can combine to produce hybrid
orbitals.
e. Understand the concept of sigma and pi bonds and how they are
determined.
5) Organic Chemistry
a. Distinguish between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
b. Distinguish between aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons.
c. Recognize by their structural formulas the basic functional groups of
organic chemistry; halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acids, esters, amides and amines.
d. Be able to name and draw simple branched alkanes (using a structural
formula, condensed formula or using a line formula) involving alkyl
groups and halides.
6) Intermolecular Forces
a. Be able to distinguish between intra and inter-molecular forces.
b. Be able to determine the types of forces between molecules,
dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonded, or ion-dipole.
c. Understand phase diagrams as they relate to states of matter, normal
melting and boiling points, triple point and the critical temperature
and pressure.
7) Properties of Solutions
a. Understand the solution process and the term ‘like dissolves like’.
b. Be able to do basic solution concentration calculations, mass percent,
ppm, molarity and molality.
c. Distinguish between molarity and molality.
d. Be able to do simple colligative property calculations of boiling point
elevation and freezing point depression.
8) Determine ∆H using bond enthalpies.