Computer Introduction and

Applications
Course Code: CMP-111
By:
Ms. Misbah Mashkoor
Lecturer in Computer Science
F.G. Degree College (w) Kharian Cantt.
Internet Definition:

 Network of networks
 A global communication system that links together thousands of
individual networks.
 Any computer on any network can communicate with any other
computer on any other network.
 These connections allows users to exchange messages, to
communicate in real time, to share data and programs, and to access
limitless stores of information.
Internet History:

 1969 – ARPANET
 Developed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the
U.S. Department of Defense
 Connected universities and defense bases
 large computer network with multiple paths in the form of
telephone lines that could survive a nuclear attack or a natural
disaster such as earthquake.
 1973 – ARPANET connects to Europe
Internet History:

 Mid-1980s – NSFNet
 Another federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF),
joined the project after the DOD stopped funding the network.
 Network between supercomputers
 Available for Academic research purposes
 No commercial traffic allowed
Internet History:

 Internet was the link to ARPANET and NSFnet

(The process of connecting separate networks is called internetworking)
 1990s
 ARPANET shut down
 NSFNet abandoned
 Commercial networks take over
The Internet’s Major Services

 The World Wide Web (WWW)

 Electronic Mail
 News
 File Transfer Protocol
 Chat
 Instant Messaging
 Online services
 Peer to peer service
 World Wide Web (WWW)

 Invented in 1989 at the European Particle Physics Laboratory in

Geneva, Switzerland.
 Allowed connection of billion of documents all stored in different
places but all linked together in some manner.
 Required a browser to read documents
 Web and Internet are not the same thing. The web is a service that is
supported by the Internet (a gigantic network)
 How the web works?

 Web documents can be linked together because they are created in a

format known as hypertext.
 Hypertext systems provide an easy way to manage large collections
of data which can include text, files, pictures, sounds, movies and
more.
 In a hypertext system when you view a document on your
computer’s screen, you also can access all the data that might be
linked to it.
 hypertext document is also known as web page.
 How the web works?

 To support hypertext documents, the web uses a special protocol

called the hypertext transfer protocol or HTTP.
 A hypertext document is a specially encoded file that uses the
hypertext markup language or HTML.
 A collection of related web pages is called a Website.
 Websites are housed on webservers or internet host computers that
often store thousands of individual pages.
 Copying a page onto server is called publishing also called posting
or uploading.
web browser

 A web browser (or browser) is a software application designed to

access and view web documents (web pages or websites)
 Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

 The HTTP uses internet address in a special format, called a

uniform resource locator, or URL.

 type://address/path
Helper Applications and Multimedia
Content
 Web browsers alone cannot display every type of content
especially multimedia content (such as audio video content
including full motion animation and movies).
 These large files require special applications in order to be played
in real time across the web.
 These applications help the browser by being plugged in at the right
moment, so they are called helper applications or plug-in
applications.
 For example: Microsoft windows Media player, Apple quick time
player etc.
Search Engine
 A Search Engine is used to find the information in the World Wide
Web and displays the results at one place.
 Web Browser uses the search engine to retrieve and view the
information from web pages present on the web servers. Search
engine is intended to gather Information regarding several URL's
and to maintain it.
Search Engine
Metasearch Engine
 Metasearch Engine use multiple search engine simultaneously to
look up sites that matches your keywords, phrases or questions.
 Example of metasearch engines include Mamma
(http://www.mamma.com) and dogpile (http://www.dogpile.com) .
Using Site specific Search tools
 you can use a search engine to find content from a specific blog,
website or forum. Sometimes you may want to search a popular
blog for some tutorial and it’s not always very comfortable to open
blogs in different tabs and use their search box to find the content
you are looking for.
Sponsored vs Non-sponsored Links
 The term “sponsored link” can have two different meanings in
online marketing. On the one hand, sponsored links are paid listings
in search engine results pages. On the other hand, references to other
websites are referred to as “sponsored links” via a link. In either
case, it is important that the linking page is marked as a paid
link. Sometimes, sponsored links are referred to as partner links.
Thank You!