Unit – III

Lecture– II
Mr.R.R.Kshatriya
Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik.
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
Department of Civil Engineering

Contents of Unit-III
 Transportation model
 Balanced
 Unbalanced Minimization

 Assignment model
Minimization /
 Balanced Maximization
 Unbalanced
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Contents of Lecture
 Balanced Transportation Problems
 Unbalanced Transportation Problems

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Balanced Transportation
Problem

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Example 1
The unit cost of transporting cement from 3 factories to 4 warehouses is given in the
following table, along with the availability at each factory and the requirement of the
warehouse. Find the feasible solution by Row minima, Column minima, N-W corner
method, Least cost cell method and VAM.
Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4
Factories

1 3 7 6 4 5
2 2 4 3 2 2
3 4 3 8 5 3
Demand 3 3 2 2 10

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Solution:
Row minima method
Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 3 (3) 7 6 4 (2) 5 /2 /0
Factories

2 2 4 3 (2) 2 2 /0
3 4 3 (3) 8 5 3 /0
Demand 3 /0 3 /0 2 /0 2 /0 10

Transportation cost = (3*3)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(3*3) = 32/-

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Column minima method

Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 3 (1) 7 6 (2) 4 (2) 5 /4 /2 /0
Factories

2 2 (2) 4 3 2 2 /0
3 4 3 (3) 8 5 3 /0
Demand 3 /1 /0 3 /0 2 /0 2 /0 10

Transportation cost = (3*1)+(6*2)+(4*2)+(2*2)+(3*3) = 36/-

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North – West corner method

Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 3 (3) 7 (2) 6 4 5 /2 /0
Factories

2 2 4 (1) 3 (1) 2 2 /1 /0
3 4 3 8 (1) 5 (2) 3 /2 /0
Demand 3 /0 3 /1 /0 2 /1 /0 2 /0 10

Transportation cost = (3*3)+(7*2)+(4*1)+(3*1)+(8*1)+(5*2) = 48/-

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Least cost cell method

Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 3 (1) 7 6 (2) 4 (2) 5 /4 /2 /0
Factories

2 2 (2) 4 3 2 2 /0
3 4 3 (3) 8 5 3 /0
Demand 3 /1 /0 3 /0 2 /0 2 /0 10

Transportation cost = (3*1)+(6*2)+(4*2)+(2*2)+(3*3) = 36/-

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Vogel’s Approximation method (VAM)

Warehouses Penalty
Supply
1 2 3 4 P1 P2 P3
1 3 (3) 7 6 4 (2) 5 /2 /0 1 1 1
Factories

2 2 4 3 (2) 2 2 /0 0 - -

3 4 3 (3) 8 5 3 /0 1 1 -

Demand 3 /0 3 /0 2 /0 2 /0 10
P1 1 1 3 2
Penalty

P2 1 4 - 1
P3 - - - -
Transportation cost = (3*3)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(3*3) = 32/-
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Summary:
 Row minima method = 32/-
 Column minima method = 36/-
 N-W corner method = 48/-
 Least cost cell method = 36/-
 VAM = 32/-

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Example 2
Stone metal is to be transported from 4 quarries to 4 construction site. The quantity required
at each site, quantity available at each quarry and unit cost of transport are given in the
following table. Determine the transportation policy which will minimize the cost of
transportation by N-W corner method, least cost cell method and VAM.
Construction site
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 8 10 6 2 300
Quarries

2 12 14 5 3 220
3 10 11 7 5 140
4 9 10 8 6 120
Demand 240 200 180 160 780
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Solution:
North – West corner method
Construction site
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 8 (240) 10 (60) 6 2 300 /60 /0
Quarries

2 12 14 (140) 5 (80) 3 220 /80 /0

3 10 11 7 (100) 5 (40) 140 /40 /0

4 9 10 8 6 (120) 120 /0

Demand 240 /0 200 /140 /0 180 /100 /0 160 /120 /0 780

Transportation cost = (8*240)+(10*60)+(14*140)+(5*80)+(7*100)+(5*40)+(6*120) = 6500/-

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Least cost cell method

Construction site
Supply
1 2 3 4
1 8 (140) 10 6 2 (160) 300 /140 /0
Quarries

2 12 14 (40) 5 (180) 3 220 /40 /0

3 10 11 (140) 7 5 140 /0

4 9 (100) 10 (20) 8 6 120 /20 /0

200 /180
Demand 240 /100 /0 180 /0 160 /0 780
/40 /0
Transportation cost = (8*140)+(2*160)+(14*40)+(5*180)+(11*140)+(9*100)+(10*20) = 5540/-

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VAM
Construction site Penalty
Supply
1 2 3 4 P1 P2 P3 P4

1 8 (140) 10 6 2 (160) 300 /140 /0 4 2 2 -

Quarries

2 12 (40) 14 5 (180) 3 220 /40 /0 2 7 2 2

3 10 11 (140) 7 5 140 /0 2 3 1 1
4 9 (60) 10 (60) 8 6 120 /60 /0 2 1 1 1
240 /100
Demand 200 /140 /0 180 /0 160 /0 780
/60 /0
P1 1 0 1 1
Penalty

P2 1 0 1 -
P3 1 0 - -
P4 1 1 - -
Transportation cost = (8*140)+(2*160)+(12*40)+(5*180)+(11*140)+(9*60)+(10*60) = 5500/-
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Summary:
 N-W corner method = 6500/-
 Least cost cell method = 5540/-
 VAM = 5500/-

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Unbalanced Transportation
Problem

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Example 3
Solve the following transportation problem. Find the cost of transportation by Row minima,
Column minima, N-W corner method and Least cost cell method.

Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
Factories

A 9 5 8 5 225
B 9 10 13 7 75
C 14 5 3 7 100
Demand 225 80 95 100 500 400

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Solution
As the supply is 500 and demand is 400, this unbalanced transportation problem is need to be
convert into balanced transportation problem.
Let’s add dummy factory ‘D’ having supply capacity of 100 with unit cost of transportation as
zero for all destinations.
Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
A 9 5 8 5 225
Factories

B 9 10 13 7 75
C 14 5 3 7 100
D 0 0 0 0 100
Demand 225 80 95 100 500
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Row minima method

Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
A 9 5 (80) 8 (45) 5 (100) 225 /125 /45 /0
Factories

B 9 (75) 10 13 7 75 /0

C 14 (50) 5 3 (50) 7 100 /50 /0

D 0 (100) 0 0 0 100 /0
225 /150
Demand 80 /0 95 /50 /0 100 /0 500
/100 /0
Transportation cost = (5*80)+(8*45)+(5*100)+(9*75)+(14*50)+(3*50)+(0*100) = 2785/-

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Column minima method

Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
A 9 (125) 5 (80) 8 5 (20) 225 /100 /20 /0
Factories

B 9 10 13 7 (75) 75 /0

C 14 5 3 (95) 7 (5) 100 /5 /0

D 0 (100) 0 0 0 100 /0
100 /80 /5
Demand 225 /125 /0 80 /0 95 /0 500
/0
Transportation cost = (9*125)+(5*80)+(5*20)+(7*75)+(3*95)+(7*5)+(0*100) = 2470/-

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N-W corner method

Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
A 9 (225) 5 8 5 225 /0
Factories

B 9 10 (75) 13 7 75 /0

C 14 5 (5) 3 (95) 7 100 /95 /0

D 0 0 0 0 (100) 100 /0

Demand 225 /0 80 /5 /0 95 /0 100 /0 500

Transportation cost = (9*225)+(10*75)+(5*5)+ (3*95)+ (0*100) = 3085/-

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Least cost cell method

Destination
Supply
1 2 3 4
A 9 (145) 5 (80) 8 5 225 /145 /0
Factories

B 9 (75) 10 13 7 75 /0

C 14 (5) 5 3 (95) 7 100 /5 /0

D 0 0 0 0 (100) 100 /0
225 /80 /5
Demand 80 /0 95 /0 100 /0 500
/0
Transportation cost = (9*145)+(5*80)+(9*75)+ (14*5)+ (3*95)+(0*100) = 2735/-

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Summary:
 Row minima method = 2785/-
 Column minima method = 2470/-
 N-W corner method = 3085/-
 Least cost cell method = 2735/-

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Summary
 Balanced Transportation Problems
 Unbalanced Transportation Problems

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Exercise 1
The steel company has three furnaces and five rolling mills. Transportation cost (Rs./
Quintal) for shipping steel from furnaces to rolling mills are given in the following table.
Determine the transportation cost by Row minima, Column minima, N-W corner method,
Least cost cell method and VAM.
Rolling mills
Supply
1 2 3 4 5
Furnaces

A 4 2 3 2 6 8
B 5 4 5 2 1 12
C 6 5 4 7 3 14
Demand 4 4 10 8 8 34

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Exercise 2
Unit cost of transportation from cement factories to warehouses is given in the following
table. Determine the transportation cost by Row minima, Column minima, N-W corner
method, Least cost cell method and VAM.
Warehouses
Supply
1 2 3 4 5
Factories

A 4 1 3 4 4 60
B 2 3 2 2 3 35
C 3 5 2 4 4 40
Demand 22 45 20 18 30 135

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Thank you
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