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AUTOMATIC UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING SYSTEM

Article · May 2017

DOI: 10.21884/IJMTER.2017.4154.CSG0N

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 AUTOMATIC UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING SYSTEM
Sonar R. M.1 Nahata P.R.2, Ajmera T.P.3, Saitwal N.A.4 and Jain S.C.5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.N.J.B’s KBJ COE, Chandwad
1,2,3,4,5

Abstract- As a town modernization progress, the number of vehicles increases accordingly. Drivers
generally need to spend a major amount of time searching the blocks around their destination searching
and in the offing for available parking spaces. To overcome above difficulty there is need of an
advanced car parking system.Metropolitan cities strongly need advanced parking systems, providing
drivers with parking information. Existing parking systems usually ignore the parking price factor and
do not automatically provide optimal car parks matching drivers’ demand. Currently, the parking price
has no negotiable space; consumers lose their bargaining position to obtain better and cheaper parking.
Multi-store car parking is growing popular as they enable to conserve space. However parking on
multiple floors brings its own challenges such as need of using lift mechanism for moving the vehicle
from one floor to another, coordination between the vehicle and the lift mechanism, co-ordination
between parking and un-parking of vehicle etc. The aim of this paper is to identify the issues and
challenges in development of such a system by implementing a prototype using Firebird IV as
automated self-parking vehicles.
Keywords- Multi-store car parking, Automation
I. INTRODUCTION
As the number of automobiles around the world increases exponentially, finding places to park
them becomes increasingly difficult. Due to the fact that the most parking spaces are necessary in urban
areas, this poses a challenge to make parking garages as efficient as possible. Not only location of the
garage is important, but also its capacity, the time it costs tenants to use them, and environmental aspects
as well. In order to meet the rising demand for parking areas it is necessary to look for innovative and
more efficient ways of using space in urban areas. This report covers two types of parking systems in
use today and evaluates them on crucial aspects. The parking systems in question are the conventional
parking garage that we are used to, and the relatively new automated parking garages. The focus here
will be mainly on underground parking facilities, where risks, energy consumption, and costs differ
greatly with surface parking facilities. The construction and management of parking garages is heavily
dependent upon:
1. Economic and financial feasibility.
2. Characteristics of the site and the surrounding neighborhood.
3. Parking demand, supply, requirements and attitudes.
4. Market issues.
The development of underground car parking areas is important to achieving a prosperous urban
environment, and effective use of underground space is particularly necessary in congested cities.
However, maintaining a proper environment in underground parking areas requires more equipment and
consumes more energy than typical above ground parking areas. In many districts where urban activity
is high, the capacity of the dedicated parking areas is already far below the minimum necessary capacity
and parking demands continue to increase. The challenge to engineers here is constructing to the need
for more intense land-use, and for more efficient ways of parking vehicles

DOI:10.21884/IJMTER.2017.4154.CSG0N 64
 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 5, [May– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Fig .1 Automatic car parking system diagram

 The main components of the automatic car parking system are :-
1. PIC Microcontroller
2. LCD Display
3. DC Motor
4. Power Supply Unit
5. Infrared Sensor
PIC Microcontroller :-
PIC Microcontroller is the heart of the automatic car parking system. It controls various
operations of the system. Such as, It checks for the entry and exit of car, when it detects the car from the
entry gate then it checks whether there is any vacant space in the parking lot or not. If there is vacant
space then it operates the lift mechanism and parks the vehicle at the vacant space.
LCD Display Unit :-
LCD display makes this system user interface friendly by displaying everything on the display. It
is an intelligent LCD module, as it has inbuilt controller which convert the alphabet and digit into its
ASCII code and then display, this LCD will display the total number of cars ,empty space and no vacant
space in the system.
DC Motor :-
The 12V DC motor is used to give reciprocating (up-down) and rotary motion to the lifting
mechanism. Two DC motors are used for this purpose one is for lifting and carrying the car (up down
motion) and other is for rotating the car.
Power Supply :-
Power supply is required to run the whole system components i.e. microcontroller, DC motors,
sensors, relays etc. In this system 5 volt regulated power supply is required for the microcontroller. For
this purpose one step down transformer with full wave rectifier circuit is used. In the rectifier circuit two

@IJMTER-2017, All rights Reserved 65

 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 5, [May– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

diode full wave rectifiers are used. One 1000 microfarad capacitor filter is used to convert pulsating dc
into smooth dc.
Infrared sensor :-
An infrared sensor is an electronic device which is used to detect the vacant space Available in
the parking system. And provide this information to the PIC microcontroller and indicator lights, so that
the driver gets the information whether the parking space is available or not.
III. DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF THE PARKING SYSTEM
3.1 Design of the system:-
Diameter = 19 m
Area = *
Area = *
Area = 283.53
Height= 8 m0.

Fig. 2 Rotary Platform

Fig.3 Loading diagram of Rotary disk

3.2 Design of rotary platform:-

Diameter = 6 m
Area = *
Area = *
Area = 28.27
Load on rotary disk :-
W = 61.31 kN
Stress =
61.31*10^3/28.27
=2168.73 N/m^2

@IJMTER-2017, All rights Reserved 66

 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 5, [May– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

3.3 Design of Plate:-

Width = 0.8 m
Length = 6 m
Thickness = 0.03 m
Area = Width * Length
Area = 0.8 * 0.6
Area = 4.8
Mass of car = 2500 kg
Factor of safety = 2.5
3.4 Load on plate = 2500*2.5*9.81
W = 61.31 kN
Stress =
σ=
σ=
σ = 12.772

3.5 Design of pallet:-

The first component of lift is the pallet on which vehicle is placed. The design of pallet is done
by referring following procedure.
Maximum weight of vehicle = 3000 kg,
Mass of pallet = 880 kg
Reaction at front Wheel is given by;
(W) = 2 × Weight of vehicle/ 3 + Mass of pallet/ 2 = 2440 kg = 23936.4 N
Wheel base = 3300 mm, Wheel track = 1100 mm
Distance between two rollers of pallet (Along length) =5300 mm.
Distance from wheel of pallet wheel to nearest wheel of car (a) = 1000 mm.
Maximum Stress in pallet = Wa÷ Z = 23936.4 ×1000÷510387.21 = 46.90 N/ mm²
Deflection at Center (Max) = (W ×a)/ 24EI × (3l²-4a²) = 11.17 mm
Deflection at CAR Wheels = (W ×a²)/ 6EI × (3l-4a) = 6.92 mm
Design and specification of motor
W= 25000N
Power = 22 KW
V= 1 m/sec
D= 0.250 m

N = 76.39 rpm

From Gearbox Catalogue, we select above gearbox

GB =H2 H2S H25F

@IJMTER-2017, All rights Reserved 67

 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 04, Issue 5, [May– 2017] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

IV. FABRICATION PROCESS

Arc welding is one of several fusion processes for joining metals. By applying intense heat,
metal at the joint between two parts is melted and caused to intermix - directly, or more commonly, with
an intermediate molten filler metal. Upon cooling and solidification, a metallurgical bond is created.
Since the joining is an intermixture of metals, the final element potentially has the same strength
properties as the metal of the parts. This is in sharp contrast to non-fusion processes of joining (i.e.
soldering, brazing etc.) in which the mechanical and physical properties of the base materials cannot be
duplicated at the joint.

Fig. 3 Prototype Model

V. CONCLUSION
In the present era there is scarcity of parking space. In smart city progression each city in India
need a well turned out use of space. To make use of under ground space, it is beneficial to the city and
the decedent. We have suggested one of the solutions for the smart city. Design of suggested model is
easy, permanent and effective. Even though initial cost is high in long run, the cost of the project can be
recovered. The design process and fabrication of the model is detailed in this paper. For automation
controller has been used. Sensor sense the vacant space and it is easy to park the vehicle.
REFERENCES
[1] Rahul J. Kolekar and S.S.Gawade , Design and development of lift for an automatic car parking system, International
Journal On Theoretical And Applied Research In Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME), ISSN (Print): 2319-3182,
Volume -3, Issue-2, 2014,pp 55-59.
[2] S.J.Clegg, “Automatic Car Parking and Controlling System Using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)”, Institute of
Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Working paper of 471, 1996.
[3] Ankit Gupta, Chandra Shankar “Automatic Multilevel Car Parking” Assistant Professor, Department of Instrumentation
and Control, JSSATE, Noida, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online)
Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (438-441)
[4] Chen, J-X., Jiang, J-Z. Wang, X-J “Automatic Multilevel Car Parking” Shanghai University Press, Vol. 7, No 2, 2006.
[5] Albagul, K. Alsharef, M. Saad, Y. Abujeela,“design and Fabrication of an Automated Multi-level Car Parking System”
Department of Control Engineering Baniwalid LIBYA
[6] M. Ehsani, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric parking system: Fundamentals, Theory and Design, CRC Press, 2005

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