Obtaining the desired gene
desired gene
Scientists use one of several methods to screen
and isolate the cell with the library plasmid
containing the desired gene.
Isolation of the desired gene
The library plasmids with the desired gene are
placed in a test tube with a restriction enzyme. The
enzyme cuts the DNA at specific sites and frees
the desired gene from the library plasmid.
Preparation of the transformation
plasmid parts
The desired gene, a selection marker gene, and
“empty” transformation plasmid are cut to make
them compatible for ligation.
Ligation of the transformation
plasmid parts
The desired gene, selection marker gene, and the
“empty” transformation plasmid are combined in a
test tube with a DNA ligase to seal the sticky ends
of the DNA molecules together. This new bacterial
transformation plasmid has incorporated the
desired gene and the selection marker gene.
Addition of desired gene to bacteria
The transformation plasmid with the desired
gene and the selection marker gene are added to
bacterial cells.
Isolation of the bacteria with the
The bacteria are plated onto a selective medium.
Only bacteria with the desired gene and the
selection marker gene will survive. The bacteria
serve as a ready supply of the desired gene for
use by scientists.
Separation of the desired gene
The transformation plasmid with the desired gene
is separated from the bacterial cells and purified.
Transference of the desired gene
Scientists choose an appropriate insertion method
to insert the desired gene into the plant cells they
are studying.
Propagating the genetically
engineered plants
Plant cells are grown on selective media so that
only the transformed cells carrying the new genes
will grow. The media also contains substances that
encourage the plant cells to grow into new plants.
Testing the genetically engineered plants
The plant is tested to determine if it incorporated
the desired trait.
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