Examples on counter, math &

comparison instructions
Week 09
Example Paper Making Process
A process with logic, timers, compare and math is a mixing tank for
making paper. The process works as follows:
1. A tank is filled to medium level with water.
2. The tank continues to fill with water and paper is added through a
loss-in-weight feeder.
3. A stirrer starts as soon as the paper begins to be added and
continues until a batch is made and dumped and the level falls to the
low level.
4. The water finishes when the high level is reached and the paper
finishes being added.
5. The water and paper continue to be mixed until the paper is
thoroughly mixed into a slurry by use of a timer.
6. The tank is emptied by pumping the mixture out of the tank until
the low level switch is reached. Then the process of making a new
batch begins again.
The most difficult part of the program is the control of the loss-in-
weight feeder. The number is read as an integer and may be at any
value in a range. The program is to start at this value, turn on an
output and watch the number representing the weight decrement a set
amount and turn off the output.
Example Controlling heating process for the liquid in the tank.
Implement PLC program for this application using ladder diagram
language.
Problem Solution
• In this system we will consider S7-300 PLC and TIA portal
software for programming.
• In this system two sensors are used for level measurement
in the tank, heater is used for material heating purpose in
the tank.
• We used temperature sensor (it can
be RTD or thermocouple) also for temperature
measurement in the tank.
• Two valves are used for material inlet and outlet. Inlet
valve is used for feeding the tank and outlet valve for
discharging the tank.
• If system detects low level, system will start to feed the
tank. Feeding cycle will be OFF when tank will detect high
level. After high level system will start heating process till
set temperature.
 Example the program inputs a temperature measurement of 138 deg F
and calculates the equivalent temperature of 58.89 deg C:

Note use compute CPT (AB) / Calculate (Siemens) instruction

Example Figure 8-19 shows a one-shot instruction used to send data to
an output LED display. The one-shot allows the rapidly changing
accumulated time from the timer to be frozen to ensure a readable, stable
display.
Example The 24-hour clock can be used to record the time of an event.
Figure illustrates the principle of this technique. In this application the
time of the opening of a pressure switch is to be recorded.
Example Figure shows the program required to implement the circuit
using only one internal timer.
Example The program of Figure 11-7 shows how the SUB function
can be used to indicate a vessel overfill condition. This application
requires an alarm to sound when a supply system leaks 5 lb or more
of raw material into the vessel after a preset weight of 500 lb has
been reached.
Example Automatic Bottle Filling System using PLC