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 Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement.

( )

Take .
Step ( ) is the smallest of:
1. ×
2.
–

8.7 ONE-WAY JOIST FLOORS AND ONE-WAY RIBBED SLABS.

A one-way joist floor system consists of hollow slabs with a total depth greater than that of
solid slabs. The system is most economical for buildings where superimposed loads are small
and spans are relatively large, such as schools, hospitals, and hotels. The concrete in the
tension zone is ineffective; therefore, this area is left open between ribs or filled with
lightweight material to reduce the self-weight of the slab.

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The design procedure and requirements of ribbed slabs follow the same steps as those for
rectangular and T-sections explained in Chapter 4. The following points apply to design of
one-way ribbed slabs:
1. Ribs are usually tapered and uniformly spaced at about . Voids are
usually formed by using pans (molds) wide and deep,
depending on the design requirement. The standard increment in depth is 50 mm.
2. The ribs shall not be less than wide and must have a depth of not more than
times the width. Clear spacing between ribs shall not exceed (ACI Code,
Section 8.13).
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3. Shear strength, , provided by concrete for the ribs may be taken greater than
that for beams. This is mainly due to the interaction between the slab and the closely
spaced ribs (ACI Code, Section 8.13.8).
4. The thickness of the slab on top of the ribs is usually and contains
minimum reinforcement (shrinkage reinforcement). This thickness over permanent
fillers shall not be less than ( ) of the clear span between ribs or (ACI Code,
Section 8.13.5.2). When removable forms or fillers are used slab thickness shall be
not less than ( ) of the clear distance between ribs, nor less than . (ACI
Code, Section 8.13.6.1)
5. The ACI coefficients for calculating moments in continuous slabs can be used for
continuous ribbed slab design.
If the live load on the ribbed slab is less than and the span of ribs exceeds ,
a secondary transverse rib (distribution rib) should be provided at midspan (its direction is
perpendicular to the direction of main ribs) and reinforced with the same amount of steel as
the main ribs. Its top reinforcement shall not be less than half of the main reinforcement in
the tension zone. These transverse ribs act as floor stiffeners. If the live load exceeds
and the span of ribs varies between and , one traverse rib must be provided,
as indicated before. If the span exceeds , at least two transverse ribs at one-third span
must be provided with reinforcement, as explained before.

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Reinforcement for the joists usually consists of two bar in the positive bending region, with
one bar discontinued where no longer needed or bent up to provide a part of the negative
steel requirement over supporting girder. According to ACI Code section 7.13.2 at least one
bottom bar must be continuous over the support, or at non continuous supports, terminated
in a standard hook, as a measure to improve structural integrity in the event of major
structural damage.
The minimum thickness of beams or ribbed one way slabs depending on the support
conditions can be determined according to ACI Code 9.5.2. (see table 9.5(a), page 194).

8.8 DESIGN OF ONE-WAY RIBBED SLAB.

For the ribbed slab plan with section as shown below:

• Determine the total slab thickness.
• Design the topping slab.
• Design the rib for flexure and shear, the envelope moment and shear diagrams are
shown.
• Design the beams B1, B2 for flexure and shear, the envelope moment and shear
diagrams are shown.
• Take the material's density from the table below.

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Quality Density
Material

Tiles
mortar
Sand
Reinforced Concrete
Hollow Block
Plaster

Partitions

Compressive strength of concrete

Yield strength of steel,
Live Load, .

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Solution:

Rib 2 800 mm

800 mm

Beam 1
Beam 4

Beam 3

Beam 2
Beam 6

Beam 5

Rib 1

800 mm 800 mm 800 mm 800 mm

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 Minimum thickness (deflection requirements).

There are two groups of ribs and beams (Rib 1; Rib 2; Beam 1, 2, 3, 4; Beam 5, 6).
The thickness of the one-way ribbed slab without drop beams can be obtained according to
ACI code, table 9.5 (a).
The maximum span length for one-end continuous (for ribs): then

The maximum span length for both-ends continuous (for ribs): then

The maximum span length for one-end continuous (for Beams): then

The maximum span length for both-ends continuous (for Beams): then

The minimum ribbed slab thickness will be

Take slab thickness
( )

 Topping Design.

𝑤𝑢 𝐷 𝐿
Topping in One way ribbed slab can be
considered as a strip of 1 meter width and
span of hollow block length with both end
fixed in the ribs. 𝑐𝑚

Dead Load calculations:

𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙
Dead Load from: × ×
Tiles ×
Mortar ×
Coarse Sand × 𝑤𝑙
Topping ×
Interior Partitions


Live Load calculations: ×

Total Factored Load:

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Strength condition, where for plain concrete.

√ (ACI 22.5.1, Equation 22-2)

where for rectangular section of the slab:

√ √ ×

NO Reinforcement is required by analysis. According to ACI 10.5.4., provide for slabs

as shrinkage and temperature reinforcement.
According to ACI 7.12.2.1, .

Try bars 8 with

Take in both directions.

Step ( ) is the smallest of:
1. ×
2.

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Take in both directions. –

From practical concederation, the secondary reinforcement parallel to the ribs shall be
placed in the slab and spaced at distances not more than half of the spacings between ribs
(usually two bars upon each width block).
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡 𝑚𝑚
t = 80 mm

 Load Calculations for Rib 1:

𝑏𝑒
h= 250 mm

𝑏𝑤 𝑚𝑚
From the Geometry of T-section:

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Dead Load calculations:

Dead Load from: × ×
Tiles × ×
Mortar × ×

Live Load calculations: Coarse Sand × ×

Topping × ×
×
RC Rib × ×
Hollow Block × ×
Plaster × ×
Interior Partitions ×
Dead Load / rib:
Live Load /rib: 

The Effective Flange width ( ) According to ACI 8.12.2 (see page 220):
is the smallest of:
( )

( )
( )
Take .

 Structural Analysis of Rib 1. The envelope shear and moment diagrams (for all load
combinations).
Using the structural analysis and design programs, we obtain the Envelope Moment diagram
for Rib1.

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 Design of Rib 1 for positive moments.

Assume bar diameter for main positive reinforcement.

The maximum positive moment in all spans of Rib 1

Check if

̅ ( ) ( )×

The section will be designed as rectangular section with .

×

( √ ) ( √ )

Check for

Use with
Check for strain:

( ) ( )

Usually, no reinforcement less than can be used. So, for all spans with positive
moments equal or less than , use for each rib span.
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 Design of Rib 1 for negative moments.

Assume bar diameter for main positive reinforcement.

According to ACI 8.9.3 — for beams built integrally with supports, design on the basis of
moments at faces of support shall be permitted.
The maximum negative moment at the face of support
×

( √ ) ( √ )

Check for

Use with

Check for strain:

( ) ( )

Usually, no reinforcement less than can be used. So, for all supports with negative
moments equal or less than , use for each rib support.

 Design of Rib 1 for shear.

The maximum shear force at the distance from the face of support
Shear strength, , provided by concrete for the ribs may be taken greater than that for
beams. This is mainly due to the interaction between the slab and the closely spaced ribs
(ACI Code, Section 8.13.8).
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( )× √ × √

Minimum shear reinforcement is required except for concrete joist construction. So, No
shear reinforcement is provided.

 Load calculations for Beam 4:

The distributed Dead and Live loads acting upon the Beam 4 can be defined from the
support reactions of the rib 1 and rib 2.

Beam 4

Dead Load calculations:

The maximum support reaction (factored) from Dead Loads for rib1 upon beam 4 is
. The distributed Dead Load from the Rib 1 on Beam 4:

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Assume the width of the beam , then the own weight of the beam and the weight
of the floor layers within the beam width can be calculated:

Dead Load from: × ×

Tiles × ×
Mortar × ×
Coarse Sand × ×
RC Beam × ×
Plaster × ×
Interior Partitions ×


The total factored Dead Load:

Live Load calculations:
The maximum support reaction (factored) from Live Loads for rib1 upon beam 4 is .
The distributed Live Load from the Rib 1 on Beam 4:

The Live Load within the beam width ( ) can be calculated:

×
The total factored Live Load:

Important NOTE:
The dead and live loads acting within the beam width have been calculated twice actually.
That because the support reactions of ribs from the dead and live loads acting over the ribs
were calculated for full span of the ribs, measured center to center, which include the whole
beam width.
More accurately calculations to determine the loads on the beam could be done by taking
the loads that transfer from the rib to the beam which could be calculated as the sum of
shear values of the ribs at the face of support (beam) from each side and then adding the
dead and live loads acting directly on the beam within the beam width.

From the next envelope shear diagrams, the shear values at the face of beam 4 are:

 From dead load: from the left, and from the right) which means
that the total dead load that transfers to the beam 4 is
The uniformly distributed dead load over the beam from the ribs only is

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 From live load: from the left, and from the right) which means
that the total live load that transfers to the beam 4 is
The uniformly distributed live load over the beam from the ribs only is

Shear diagram from Dead load only.

Beam 4

Envelope shear diagram from Live load only.

Beam 4

The total factored Dead Load:

The total factored Live Load:

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I’ v h h f h h f l l .I’ f l
to calculate the loads more accurate specially when the beam section is wide and the spans
are large. We can use the first method for simplicity, especially in this stage of calculations,
when the dimensions of the beam are not known yet.

 Structural Analysis of Beam 4. The envelope shear and moment diagrams (for all load
combinations).
The Beam 4 is loaded from the ribs 1 (first two spans) and ribs 2 (last span). The load
transferred from ribs 1 to Beam 4 is calculated before. The load transferred from rib 2 to
Beam 4 will be obtained by analyzing the rib 2 as continuous beam as follows:

Beam 4

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Dead Load calculations:

The maximum support reaction (factored) from Dead Loads for rib2 upon beam 4 is
. The distributed Dead Load from the Rib 1 on Beam 4:

The total factored Dead Load:

Live Load calculations:
The maximum support reaction (factored) from Live Loads for rib 2 upon beam 4 is .
The distributed Live Load from the Rib 2 on Beam 4:

The total factored Live Load:

Using the structural analysis and design programs, we obtain the Envelope Moment diagram
for Beam 4.

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 Design of Beam 4 for flexure.

Assume bar diameter for main positive reinforcement.

The width of the Beam 4 can be defined from the maximum factored moment.
The maximum factored moment in Beam 4
Note that according to ACI 8.9.3 — for beams built integrally with supports, design on the
basis of moments at faces of support shall be permitted. Here the design will be done for the
moments at the center of supports.
Take f fl - ll
Assume .

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Take ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Usually in construction the maximum width of the beams is . Here, take

and no need to recalculate the loads acting on the beam.
Note that the factored moments of other supports and spans may be satisfied by the section
width of as a singly reinforced beam sections, but the support section with
may be designed as doubly reinforced section.

𝑐𝑚
Check whether the section will be act as singly or
doubly reinforced section:
Maximum nominal moment strength from strain
𝑐𝑚
condition

( ) ( )×

Design the section as singly reinforced concrete section.

( √ ) ( √ )

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Take in one layer with

Check for strain:

( ) ( )

Check for bar placement:

× × ×

 Design of Beam 4 for shear.

Critical section at distance from the face of support.

√ √

Check for section dimensions:

√ √

Find the maximum stirrups spacing:

√
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√ √

Check for :

( √ )

√ √

( )

( )

Or

Compute the stirrups spacing required to resist the shear forces:

Use stirrups 2U-shape (4 legs stirrups) with

Take 2U-shape (4 legs stirrups)

𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚
25 cm

𝑚𝑚
100 cm

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Design the other beam sections for flexure (for positive and negative moments and caculate
the area of steel for each section).

Note that for shear design, it is obvious that, the stirrups cannot be less than two U-shape
stirrups and the step for all sections where stirrups are reqired.
So, for all sections the design for shear will be as the previous section ( 2 U-shape
).

An alternative design for the Beam 4 can be done on the basis of drop beam section, not as a
hidden beam as in the previous design.

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