‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ†—…ƒ–‹‘

‡‰‹‘
‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆƒƒ”‹‡•—”
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
ƒ‹‰—‡Žǡƒ„—ƒǡƒƒ”‹‡•—”
MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
…ƒ†‡‹…‡ƒ”ʹͲʹͲǦʹͲʹͳ


Simplified Steps in Finding the

Solution Set of a Quadratic
Inequality
A Mathematical Investigation

—‡ʹͲʹͳ

Proponents:

—ƒǡƒ—Žƒ˜‹†Ǥ

‘•–ƒŽ‡•ǡƒ”› ‘›Ǥ

Adviser/Coach:

„‹ƒŽǡ—•ƒǤ

Consultant:

‘ŽŽ‘•…‘ǡŽ‡šǤ

1
I. Introduction

‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘—–Ž‡•• •–”—‰‰Ž‡• –Šƒ– •‡Ž‡…– ƒ„—ƒ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‰Š …Š‘‘Ž ȋȌ

•–—†‡–•ˆƒ…‡‹•”‡‡„‡”‹‰ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽˆƒ…–•ǡ…‘…‡’–•ǡ”—Ž‡•ǡˆ‘”—Žƒ•ǡ•‡“—‡…‡•ǡ

ƒ† ’”‘…‡†—”‡•Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘•– ’—œœŽ‡† ‹ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •‡“—‡–‹ƒŽ ’”‘…‡†—”‡• ƒ†

†‹”‡…–‹‘•‹ƒ–Š•–‡’•ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡›‡‡’‘ƒ‹‰‹•–ƒ‡•™Š‹…Š…ƒˆ—”–Š‡”Ž‡ƒ†–‘

ƒ–Šƒš‹‡–›ǤMost students don’t simply dislike ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…•Ǥƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…•ƒ›’—–ƒ

Ž‘–‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡‘–Š‡ƒ†ƒ‡–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡ˆ‡ƒ”‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž—”‡Ǥ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‹••—„Œ‡…–

‹•„”ƒ†‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–•—„Œ‡…–ƒ†„‘”‹‰–‘•‘‡Ž‡ƒ”‡”•ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰–‘•–—†‡–•‰‹˜‹‰

—’‡ƒ•‹Ž›‡˜‡„‡ˆ‘”‡’—––‹‰Ž‘–•‘ˆ‡ˆˆ‘”––‘Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‹–Ǥ

 ‘–Š‡””‡ƒ•‘™Š›ƒ›•–—†‡–••–”—‰‰Ž‡™‹–Šƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…•‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–‹•ƒ

…——Žƒ–‹˜‡ •—„Œ‡…–—‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰ „—‹Ž†• ‘ ™Šƒ– …ƒ‡ „‡ˆ‘”‡Ǥ ‡ —•– Ž‡ƒ” ˆ‹”•– –Š‡

„ƒ•‹…–‘‘˜‡–‘–Š‡‡š––‘’‹…•Ǥ

—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡‡–

–Šƒ– ”‡Žƒ–‡• ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‡š’”‡••‹‘ ƒ• ‡‹–Š‡” Ž‡•• –Šƒ ‘” ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ ƒ‘–Š‡”Ǥ 

•‘Ž—–‹‘ –‘ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹• ƒ ”‡ƒŽ —„‡” –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ’”‘†—…‡ ƒ –”—‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–

™Š‡ •—„•–‹–—–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ȋƒ›Ž‘” …ƒ†‡›ǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ ƒ•‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡

•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–ˆ‘”“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ‰”‡ƒ–ƒ‘—–‘ˆ–‹‡ǡ•‹…‡–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰

‡–Š‘† …‘’”‹•‡• ‘ˆ ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ •–‡’•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ •–‡’• ‹ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡

•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǣ

ͳǤ ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

͵Ǥ ƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ

ͶǤ ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•Ǥ

2
 ͷǤ ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡––Šƒ–•ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡•–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

Š‡ •–‡’• ‹ •‘Ž˜‹‰ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ˜ƒ”› ˆ”‘ ’‡”•‘ –‘ ’‡”•‘Ǥ Š‡•‡

‡–Š‘†• ‹…Ž—†‡ ‰”ƒ’Š‹‰ ƒ† —•‹‰ –‡•– —„‡”• –‘ –‡•– ‡ƒ…Š ‹–‡”˜ƒŽǡ …‘•‹†‡”‹‰

’‘••‹„Ž‡ …ƒ•‡• –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‡”•‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡–•ǡ ‰”ƒ’Š‹‰ ƒ†

…‘•–”—…–‹‰ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•ǡƒ†‰”ƒ’Š‹‰ƒ†—•‹‰Ͳƒ•–Š‡–‡•–—„‡”ƒˆ–‡”ˆ‹†‹‰

–Š‡ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ Š‡ ƒˆ‘”‡‡–‹‘‡† Ž‹•–‡† •–‡’• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› —•‡†

‡–Š‘†„›•–—†‡–•‹Š‹‰Š•…Š‘‘ŽǤ

 —ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ students’ Ž‡ƒ•– Ž‹‡† ƒ”‡ƒ ‹ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…•

„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹–•…‘’Ž‡š‹–›Ǥ‹‰Š•…Š‘‘Ž•–—†‡–••‘‡–‹‡•Žƒ…ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽƒ†„ƒ•‹…

ƒŽ‰‡„”ƒ‹……‘’‡–‡…‹‡•Ǥ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”ǡƒ›•–—†‡–•™‡”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ˆƒ…–‘”–Š‡‡š’”‡••‹‘ǡ

„—–…‘—Ž†‘–•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‘‰‡–Š‘†‘ˆ•‘Ž˜‹‰ǡ•‘‡•–—†‡–•

ƒ”‡…‘ˆ—•‡†™‹–Š™Š‹…Š…ƒŽ‡ƒ†–‘™”‹–‹‰ƒ•™‡”•–Šƒ–don’t make sense.

 ‡…‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‘”• …ƒ‡ —’ ™‹–Š ƒ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ’”‘˜‡

–Šƒ––Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰Ž‘‰‡–Š‘†‘ˆ•‘Ž˜‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ

„‡ •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† ‹–‘ –Š”‡‡ –‘ ˆ‘—” •‹’Ž‡ •–‡’•Ǥ Š‹• ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‹• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡

•–—†‡–•ǡ –‡ƒ…Š‡”• ƒ† ƒ–Š ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‘”• ƒ ‡ƒ•‹‡” ‡–Š‘† –‘ Š‡Ž’ –Š‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡––‹‡‹•‘Ž˜‹‰“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–ŠŽ‡••ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ……—”ƒ–‡”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ

 

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II. Statement of the Problem

General Problem

 Š‹• ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ ˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ‡–‹–Ž‡† “Simplified Steps in Finding the

Solution Set of a Quadratic Inequality” •‡‡• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ •Š‘”–‡” ƒ† ‘”‡ ‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–

‡–Š‘†‘ˆˆ‹†‹‰–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

Specific Problems

 ’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–•‡‡•–‘ƒ•™‡”–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•ǣ

ͳǤ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ™ƒ› ‹ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ—•‹‰–Š‡—•—ƒŽŽ‘‰‡–Š‘†ǫ

ʹǤ Šƒ–ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ …‘…‡’–• ‘”’”‘‘ˆ•…ƒ•—’’‘”– –Š‡ •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†•–‡’•

‘ˆ‹†‹‰–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ǫ

͵Ǥ •–Š‡”‡ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰Ž‘‰‡–Š‘†ƒ†

–Š‡ •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† ‡–Š‘† ‘ ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ǫ

III. Conjecture

 ˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”•ǣ

𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 > 0 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 < 0

™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

 Ž‡–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 „‡–Š‡”‘‘–••—…Š–Šƒ–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 < 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ

4
 ͳǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•>ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ) ∪ (𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 , ∞)Ǥ

ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ (𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 )Ǥ

 ‹‡™‹•‡ǡˆ‘”“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”•ǣ

𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 ≤ 0

™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

ͳǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≥ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ] ∪ [𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 , ∞)Ǥ

ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≤ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ [𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ]Ǥ

 …ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‹‰‘Ž›‘‡”‘‘–ǡŽ‡–𝑥𝑥0 „‡–Š‡”‘‘–ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0ǣ

ͳǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•>ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ≠ 𝑥𝑥0 Ǥ

ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≥Ǥ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝǤ

͵Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 ∈ ∅Ǥ

ͶǤ ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≤ǡ–Š‡𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥0 Ǥ

5
IV. Verifying Conjecture

Example Aǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 ≥ 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 0 (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0ƒ†𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0ƒ†𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 3ƒ†𝑥𝑥 = −2 𝑥𝑥 = 3ƒ†𝑥𝑥 = −2
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≥ǡ–Š‡
 •‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ 
 (−∞, −2] 𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2] ∪ [3, ∞) 
 [−2,3] 
 [3, ∞) 

ͶǤ‡•–ƒ—„‡”ˆ”‘‡ƒ…Š‹–‡”˜ƒŽǤ
(−∞, −2] [−2,3] [3, ∞)
‡–𝑥𝑥 = −5 ‡–𝑥𝑥 = 0 ‡–𝑥𝑥 = 5
(−5)2 − (−5) (0)2 − (0) − 6 (5)2 − (5) − 6
≥ 0 ≥ 0
− 6 ≥ 0
25 + 5 − 6 0 − 6 ≥ 0 25 − 5 − 6
≥ 0 −6 ≥ 0 ≥ 0
24 ≥ 0 → ƒŽ•‡ 19 ≥ 0
→”—‡ →”—‡

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡–Š‡–‡•–—„‡”•ˆ”‘–Š‡
‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•(−∞, −2]ƒ†[3, ∞)•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡
‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…
‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ

𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2] ∪ [3, ∞) 


6
Example Bǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 12 > 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 4) = 0 (𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 4) = 0
𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0ƒ†𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0ƒ†𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = −3ƒ†𝑥𝑥 = −4 𝑥𝑥 = −3ƒ†𝑥𝑥 = −4
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•>ǡ–Š‡
 •‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ 
 (−∞, −4) 𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −4) ∪ (−3, ∞) 
 (−4, −3)
 (−3, ∞)

ͶǤ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•
–‡”˜ƒŽ (−∞, −4) (−4, −3) (−3, ∞)
‡•–
−5 −3.5 0
—„‡”
(𝑥𝑥 + 3) − − +
(𝑥𝑥 + 4) − + +
(𝑥𝑥 + 3)
+ − +
(𝑥𝑥 + 4)
‘Ž—–‹‘
✓ ✗ ✓
‡–

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡™‡ƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ
–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›
‹•ǣ

𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −4) ∪ (−3, ∞) 



 

7
Example Cǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ−2𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 > 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎 > 0 ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎 > 0
−1(−2𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 3) < −1(0) −1(−2𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 3) < −1(0)
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 < 0 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 < 0
→Š‹•‡™“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹ŽŽ →Š‹•‡™“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹ŽŽ
„‡…‘‡–Š‡„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ „‡…‘‡–Š‡„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ
 
ʹǤ ƒ…–‘”–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ ʹǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 < 0 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 − 3 < 0 
2𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 3) + (𝑥𝑥 − 3) < 0 ͵Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
(𝑥𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) < 0 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0
 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0
͵Ǥ‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–‘’‘••‹„Ž‡ 2𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 3) + (𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 0
…ƒ•‡•Ǥ (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) = 0
‹…‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘—•– 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0ƒ†2𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 0
„‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡–‘•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Š‡ 1
𝑥𝑥 = 3ƒ†𝑥𝑥 = − 2
’”‘†—…–‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘ˆƒ…–‘”•‹‹–•ˆƒ…–‘”‡†

ˆ‘”—•–„‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǤŠ—•ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
ͶǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
ˆƒ…–‘”•—•–„‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡‘–Š‡”‹•
‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ǡ–Š‡
‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ
•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ


ƒ•‡ͳǣ(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) < 0ƒ†(𝑥𝑥 − 3) > 0
1
ƒ•‡ʹǣ(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) > 0ƒ†(𝑥𝑥 − 3) < 0 𝑥𝑥 ∈ (− , 3) 
 2
ͶǤ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š…ƒ•‡Ǥ
ƒ•‡ͳ ƒ•‡ʹ
(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) < 0ƒ† (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) > 0ƒ†
(𝑥𝑥 − 3) > 0 (𝑥𝑥 − 3) < 0
1 1
𝑥𝑥 < − ƒ†𝑥𝑥 > 3 𝑥𝑥 > − ƒ†𝑥𝑥 < 3
2 2
1
‘•‘Ž—–‹‘ (− 2 , 3)

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–
Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…
‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•–Š‡‹–‡”•‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘…ƒ•‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•ǣ

1
𝑥𝑥 ∈ (− , 3) 
2


8
Example Dǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ4𝑥𝑥 2 ≤ 9Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡ƒ””ƒ‰‡–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ͳǤ‡ƒ””ƒ‰‡–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›
•—…Š–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–‡”•ƒ”‡‘–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–•‹†‡Ǥ •—…Š–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–‡”•ƒ”‡‘–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–•‹†‡Ǥ
4𝑥𝑥 2 ≤ 9 4𝑥𝑥 2 ≤ 9
4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 ≤ 0 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 ≤ 0
 
ʹǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 = 0 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
 
͵Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͵Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 = 0 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
4𝑥𝑥 2 = 9 4𝑥𝑥 2 = 9
2𝑥𝑥 = ±√9 2𝑥𝑥 = ±√9
2𝑥𝑥 = ±3 2𝑥𝑥 = ±3
3 3
2𝑥𝑥 = ±  2𝑥𝑥 = ± 
2 2
 
ͶǤƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͶǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≤ǡ–Š‡
 •‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ 
3
 (−∞, − 2] 3 3
𝑥𝑥 ∈ [− , ] 
3 3 2 2
 [− 2 , 2]
3
 [2 , ∞)

ͷǤ•‡0ƒ•–Š‡–‡•–—„‡”Ǥ
4(0)2 − 9 ≤ 0
−9 ≤ 0
→”—‡

͸Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡𝑥𝑥 = 0•ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡•–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…
‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‹•ǣ

3 3
𝑥𝑥 ∈ [− , ] 
2 2



9
Example Eǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 < 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0
−𝑏𝑏 ± √𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −𝑏𝑏 ± √𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
2𝑎𝑎 2𝑎𝑎
−1 ± √(1)2 − 4(1)(−4) −1 ± √(1)2 − 4(1)(−4)
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
2(1) 2(1)
−1 ± √1 + 16 −1 ± √1 + 16
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
2 2
−1 ± √17 −1 ± √17
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
2 2
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ǡ–Š‡
 •‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ 
−1−√17
 (−∞, ) −1 − √17 −1 + √17
2 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ( , )
−1−√17 −1+√17 2 2
 ( , )
2 2
−1+√17
 ( , ∞)
2

ͶǤ•‡0ƒ•–Š‡–‡•–—„‡”Ǥ
(0)2 + 0 − 4 < 0
0 − 4 < 0
−4 < 0
→”—‡

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡𝑥𝑥 = 0•ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡•–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…
‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‹•ǣ

−1 − √17 −1 + √17
𝑥𝑥 ∈ ( , )
2 2


10
Example Fǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 > 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 = 0 (𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = −3 𝑥𝑥 = −3
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•>ƒ†–Š‡”‡
 ‹•‘Ž›‘‡…”‹–‹…ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ –Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
 (−∞, −3) 
 (−3, ∞) 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −3 

ͶǤ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•Ǥ
–‡”˜ƒŽ (−∞, −3) (−3, ∞)
‡•–—„‡” −5 0
(𝑥𝑥 + 3) − +
(𝑥𝑥 + 3)2  + +
‘Ž—–‹‘‡– ✓ ✓

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡™‡ƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡
‡š…Ž—†‹‰𝑥𝑥 = −3ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡
“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ

𝑥𝑥 ≠ −3 



 

11
Example Gǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ9𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4 < 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
9𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0 9𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
9𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0 9𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0
(3𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 = 0 (3𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 = 0
3𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0
2 2
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
3 3
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ƒ†–Š‡”‡
 ‹•‘Ž›‘‡…”‹–‹…ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ –Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
2 
 (−∞, 3)
2 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ∅ 
 (3 , ∞)

ͶǤ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•Ǥ
2 2
–‡”˜ƒŽ (−∞, 3) (3 , ∞)
‡•–—„‡” 0 1
(3𝑥𝑥 − 2) − +
(3𝑥𝑥 − 2)2  + +
‘Ž—–‹‘‡– ✗ ✗

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡™‡ƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡
2
‡š…Ž—†‹‰𝑥𝑥 = 3ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡
“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ

𝑥𝑥 ∈ ∅ 



 

12
Example Hǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 − 4√2𝑥𝑥 + 8 ≥ 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 − 4√2𝑥𝑥 + 8 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4√2𝑥𝑥 + 8 = 0
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
𝑥𝑥 2 − 4√2𝑥𝑥 + 8 = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4√2𝑥𝑥 + 8 = 0
2 2
(𝑥𝑥 − 2√2) = 0 (𝑥𝑥 − 2√2) = 0
𝑥𝑥 − 2√2 = 0 𝑥𝑥 − 2√2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 2√2 𝑥𝑥 = 2√2
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≥ƒ†–Š‡”‡
 ‹•‘Ž›‘‡…”‹–‹…ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ –Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
 (−∞, 2√2] 
 [2√2, ∞) 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ 
 
ͶǤ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•Ǥ
–‡”˜ƒŽ (−∞, 2√2] [2√2, ∞)
‡•–—„‡” 0 ͷ
(𝑥𝑥 − 2√2) − +
2
(𝑥𝑥 − 2√2)  + +
‘Ž—–‹‘‡– ✓ ✓

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ


‹…‡™‡ƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡
‹…Ž—†‹‰𝑥𝑥 = 2√2ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡
“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ

𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ 



 

13
 2 1
Example Iǣ ‹†–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ𝑥𝑥 2 − 9 𝑥𝑥 + 81 ≤ 0Ǥ

Existing Long Method Simplified Method

 
ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ͳǤ‡™”‹–‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ•ƒ‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
2 1 2 1
𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + = 0
9 81 9 81
 
ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
2 1 2 1
𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + = 0 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + = 0
9 81 9 81
1 2 1 2
(𝑥𝑥 − ) = 0 (𝑥𝑥 − ) = 0
9 9
1 1
𝑥𝑥 − = 0 𝑥𝑥 − = 0
9 9
1 1
𝑥𝑥 =  𝑥𝑥 = 
9 9
 
͵Ǥƒ”–‹–‹‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹–‘‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ͵Ǥ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ
 ‹…‡–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•≤ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡
 ‹•‘Ž›‘‡…”‹–‹…ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ
Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ –Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ
1 
 (−∞, 9)
1

1
(9 , ∞) 𝑥𝑥 = 9 
 
ͶǤ‘•–”—…–ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•Ǥ
1 1
–‡”˜ƒŽ (−∞, ] [ , ∞)
9 9
‡•–—„‡” 0 ͳ
1
(𝑥𝑥 − 9) − +
1 2
(𝑥𝑥 − 9)  + +
‘Ž—–‹‘‡– ✗ ✗

ͷǤ”‹–‡–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–Ǥ

‹…‡™‡ƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‡š’”‡••‹‘‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡
1
‹…Ž—†‹‰𝑥𝑥 = 9ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ–Š‡
“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹•ǣ

1
𝑥𝑥 = 9 


14
V. Justification

Part I. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has two

roots and its inequality sign is >.

 ˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡ ˆ‘”𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 > 0ǡ™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

Ž‡–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 „‡ –Š‡ ”‘‘–• •—…Š –Šƒ–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 < 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ ‹…‡𝑎𝑎ǡ –Š‡ …‘‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡

“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…–‡”ǡ‹•‘™’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘’‡•—’™ƒ”†Ǥ

Š‡”‘‘–•𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ”‡–Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’–•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘ŽƒȋRefer to Figure 1a belowȌǤ

Figure 1a. Parabola opens upward. Figure 1b. Positive values of x.



 ‹…‡ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹•>ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥

ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ‘” –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ™‹ŽŽ •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ȋRefer to Figure 1b

aboveȌǤ ƒ•‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ’Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒǡ ™‡ …ƒ †‡”‹˜‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥Ž‡••

–Šƒ𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ‘” ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥–Šƒ– •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

Š—•ǡ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–Š>ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•–™‘”‘‘–•‹•𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ) ∪ (𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 , ∞)Ǥ

15
Part II. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has two

roots and its inequality sign is <.

 ˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 < 0ǡ™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

Ž‡–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 „‡ –Š‡ ”‘‘–• •—…Š –Šƒ–𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 < 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ ‹…‡𝑎𝑎ǡ –Š‡ …‘‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡

“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…–‡”ǡ‹•‘™’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘’‡•—’™ƒ”†Ǥ

Š‡”‘‘–•𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ”‡–Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’–•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘ŽƒȋRefer to Figure 2a belowȌǤ

Figure 2a. Parabola opens upward. Figure 2b. Negative values of x.



 ‹…‡ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹•<ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥

„‡Ž‘™ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ‘” –Š‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ™‹ŽŽ •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ȋRefer to Figure 2b

aboveȌǤƒ•‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”ƒ’Š‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒǡ™‡…ƒ†‡”‹˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ𝑥𝑥‰”‡ƒ–‡”

–Šƒ𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ† Ž‡•• –Šƒ𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥–Šƒ– •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š<ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ™Š‘•‡

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•–™‘”‘‘–•‹•𝑥𝑥 ∈ (𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 )Ǥ

16
Part III. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has

two roots and its inequality sign is ≥.

 Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–Š≥ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‹• –Š‡ —‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ‹–•>

…‘—–‡”’ƒ”– ȋRefer to Justification Part IȌ ƒ† –Š‡ –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰

‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š≥ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰

ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•–™‘”‘‘–•‹• 𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ] ∪ [𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 , ∞).

Part IV. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has two

roots and its inequality sign is ≤.

 ‹‡™‹•‡ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š≤ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰

ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•–™‘”‘‘–•‹•–Š‡—‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆ‹–•<

…‘—–‡”’ƒ”– ȋRefer to Justification Part IIȌ ƒ† –Š‡ –™‘ ”‘‘–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰

‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š≤ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰

ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•–™‘”‘‘–•‹• 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ]Ǥ

Part V. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has only

one root and its inequality sign is >.

 ˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ”‘‘– ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 > 0ǡ™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

Ž‡–𝑥𝑥0 „‡ –Š‡ ”‘‘– ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ ‹…‡𝑎𝑎ǡ –Š‡ …‘‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… –‡”ǡ ‹• ‘™

’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‘’‡• —’™ƒ”†Ǥ Š‡ ”‘‘–𝑥𝑥0 ‹• –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ

‹–‡”…‡’– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘ŽƒǤ ‹…‡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘Ž› ‘‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’– ƒ† –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ ‘’‡•

—’™ƒ”†ǡ ƒŽŽ ’‘‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ Ž‹‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ

‹–‡”…‡’–ȋRefer to Figure 3a on the next pageȌǤ

17
 Figure 3a. Parabola opens upward. Figure 3b. Positive values of x.

 ‹…‡ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹•>ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥

ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ‘” –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ™‹ŽŽ •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ȋRefer to Figure 3b

aboveȌǤƒ•‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”ƒ’Š‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒǡ™‡…ƒ†‡”‹˜‡–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ𝑥𝑥‡š…‡’–

–Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’– •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–Š>ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‘Ž›‘‡

”‘‘–‹•𝑥𝑥 ≠ 𝑥𝑥0 Ǥ

Part VI. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has

only one root and its inequality sign is ≥.

 Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–Š≥ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• ‘Ž› ‘‡ ”‘‘– ‹• –Š‡ —‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ‹–•>

…‘—–‡”’ƒ”– ȋRefer to Justification Part VȌ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘Ž› ”‘‘– ‘ˆ ‹–• …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰

‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š≥ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰

ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‘Ž›‘‡”‘‘–‹• 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ.

18
Part VII. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has

only one root and its inequality sign is <.

 ˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ”‘‘– ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹ –Š‡ˆ‘”𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 < 0ǡ™Š‡”‡𝑎𝑎ǡ𝑏𝑏ǡƒ†𝑐𝑐ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ—„‡”•ƒ†𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0ǡ

Ž‡–𝑥𝑥0 „‡ –Š‡ ”‘‘– ƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ ‹…‡𝑎𝑎ǡ –Š‡ …‘‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… –‡”ǡ ‹• ‘™

’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‘’‡• —’™ƒ”†Ǥ Š‡ ”‘‘–𝑥𝑥0 ‹• –Š‡

𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’–‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘ŽƒǤ‹…‡–Š‡”‡‹•‘Ž›‘‡𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’–ƒ†–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ‘’‡•

—’™ƒ”†ǡ ƒŽŽ ’‘‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ Ž‹‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡

𝑥𝑥Ǧ‹–‡”…‡’–ȋRefer to Figure 4a below.Ȍ

Figure 4a. Parabola opens upward. Figure 4b. Negative values of x.



 ‹…‡ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ‹•<ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ𝑥𝑥

„‡Ž‘™ –Š‡𝑥𝑥Ǧƒš‹• ‘” –Š‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ™‹ŽŽ •ƒ–‹•ˆ› –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ȋRefer to Figure 4b

aboveȌǤƒ•‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”ƒ’Š‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒǡ™‡…ƒ†‡”‹˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•‘˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ𝑥𝑥

–Šƒ– •ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡• –Š‡ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›

™‹–Š<ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‘‡”‘‘–‹•𝑥𝑥 ∈ ∅Ǥ

19
Part VIII. Given that the corresponding equation of the quadratic inequality has

only one root and its inequality sign is ≤.

 Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›™‹–Š≤ƒ•‹–•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰ƒ†™Š‘•‡

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• ‘Ž› ‘‡ ”‘‘– ‹• –Š‡ —‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ‹–•<

…‘—–‡”’ƒ”– ȋRefer to Justification Part VIIȌ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘Ž› ”‘‘– ‘ˆ ‹–• …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰

‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š—•ǡ –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡– ‘ˆ ƒ “—ƒ†”ƒ–‹… ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ™‹–Š≤ƒ• ‹–• ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰

ƒ†™Š‘•‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‘Ž›‘‡”‘‘–‹• 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥0 .

VI. Summary

 ˆ–‡”ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‘”‘—‰Š”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ–Š‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‘”•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡…‘…Ž—†‡–Šƒ––Š‡

—•—ƒŽŽ‘‰‡–Š‘†‘ˆ•‘Ž˜‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ„‡ˆ—”–Š‡”

•‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡†„›‘‹––‹‰–Š‡•–‡’•‘ˆ‰”ƒ’Š‹‰ƒ†…‘•–”—…–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•ǤŠ‹•…ƒ„‡

’‘••‹„Ž‡ „› •‹’Ž› „ƒ•‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› •‹‰ ƒˆ–‡” ˆ‹†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‘‘–Ȁ• ‘ˆ ‹–•

…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‹’Ž›’—–ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•>ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–‹•

𝑥𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ) ∪ (𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 , ∞)ǡ™Š‡”‡𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 ƒ†𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ƒ”‡–Š‡”‘‘–•ǡ𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 < 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 ǡƒ†𝑎𝑎 > 0Ǥ‹‡™‹•‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰‹•<ǡ𝑥𝑥 ∈ (𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 , 𝑥𝑥𝑡𝑡 )Ǥˆ–Š‡…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•

™‹–Š–Š‡‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›•‹‰•>ǡ≥ǡ<ǡƒ†≤‘Ž›Šƒ˜‡‘‡”‘‘–ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‹”•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–•ƒ”‡

𝑥𝑥 ≠ 𝑥𝑥0 ǡ𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝǡ𝑥𝑥 ∈ ∅Ǥƒ†𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥0 ǡ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ

 —’’‘”–‡† ™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ

ƒ† ’”‘‘ˆ•ǡ –Š‹• •–—†› ’”‘˜‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† •‹’Ž‹ˆ‹‡† ‡–Š‘† ‹• ‘”‡ ”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡ

‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–ƒ†ˆ‡ƒ•‹„Ž‡–Šƒ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡–Š‘†Ǥ

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 ‹–Š –Š‹• ’”‘’‘•‡† ‡–Š‘†ǡ •–—†‡–• ƒ† –‡ƒ…Š‡”• ™‹ŽŽ ‘ Ž‘‰‡” Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ƒ†‹ˆ—”‹ƒ–‹‰‡š–‡•‹˜‡Ž‡••‘‘•‘Ž˜‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡–•‘ˆ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

VII. Possible Extension

 ‹–Š –Š‡ …‘…‡’– …‘•–”—…–‡† ‹ –Š‹• ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ǡ ˆ—”–Š‡”

ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…ƒŽ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘•…ƒ„‡†‡”‹˜‡†–‘•‹’Ž‹ˆ›ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‡–Š‘†•‹

•‘Ž˜‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‘Ž—–‹‘ •‡–• ‘ˆ ’‘Ž›‘‹ƒŽ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” †‡‰”‡‡• ™‹–Š‘—–

…‘•–”—…–‹‰‹–•–ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰•ƒ†‰”ƒ’Š•‘”…‘•‹†‡”‹‰’‘••‹„Ž‡…ƒ•‡•Ǥ

VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

”›ƒ–ǡǤǡ—ŽƒŽƒ›ƒ‘ǡǤǡƒŽŽƒ–ƒǡǤǡ”—œǡ Ǥǡ‡‡”ƒǡǤǡ
ƒ…‹ƒǡ
Ǥ ƒ˜‹‡”ǡǤǡƒœƒ”‘ǡǤǡ
‡•–‡”‹‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒŽƒ†‹‘ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͶȌǤ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹…•
”ƒ†‡ 9 Learner’s
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤǤǤ‡”•‘œƒȋ†ǤȌǡQuadratic Inequalitiesȋ’’Ǥͻ͸ǦͳͲ͵Ȍ

ƒ›Ž‘” …ƒ†‡› ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤ Solving Quadratic InequalitiesǤ ‡–”‹‡˜‡† —‡ ͳ͹ǡ ʹͲʹͳǡ ˆ”‘
Š––’•ǣȀȀ•ƒ›Ž‘”†‘–‘”‰Ǥ‰‹–Š—„Ǥ‹‘Ȁ–‡š–̴‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ǦƒŽ‰‡„”ƒȀ•ͲͻǦͲͷǦ
•‘Ž˜‹‰Ǧ“—ƒ†”ƒ–‹…Ǧ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ǤŠ–Ž

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