ZTE Microwave Descriptions

ZXMW NR8250
Digital Microwave Transmission System

System Description
Version: V2.00.03
ZTE CORPORATION
No. 55, Hi-tech Road South, ShenZhen, P.R.China
Postcode: 518057
Tel: +86-755-26771900
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URL: http://ensupport.zte.com.cn
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Revision History
Revision No. Revision Date Revision Reason
R1.2 2013–01–30 Information about RSU ODUs is added.
R1.1 2013–01–05 The section “8.4.1 Transmit Power” is updated.
R1.0 2012–07–30 First edition
Serial Number: SJ-20120611092528-002
Publishing Date: 2013–01–30 (R1.2)
SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Contents
About This Manual ......................................................................................... I
Chapter 1 Overview .................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Product Composition .......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Product External View ........................................................................................ 1-2
1.3 Product Functions .............................................................................................. 1-3
Chapter 2 System Architecture ................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Logical Architecture ............................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Hardware Architecture ........................................................................................ 2-3
2.2.1 IDU ......................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.2 ODU........................................................................................................ 2-4
2.3 Software Architecture ......................................................................................... 2-6
Chapter 3 Signal Flows .............................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Service Flows .................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 TDM Service Flow .................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Ethernet Service Flow............................................................................... 3-3
3.2 Management Plane Signal Flow .......................................................................... 3-5
Chapter 4 System Principles ..................................................................... 4-1

4.1 System Clock Principle ....................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Clock Synchronization Types .................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Clock Synchronization Principles............................................................... 4-2
4.2 Power Supply Principle ....................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.1 Power Supply Connection......................................................................... 4-3
4.2.2 Power Distribution .................................................................................... 4-3
4.3 Operation and Maintenance Principle .................................................................. 4-4
4.3.1 Coniguration Modes ................................................................................ 4-4
4.3.2 Data Management.................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.3 Security Management............................................................................... 4-5
4.3.4 Alarm Management .................................................................................. 4-6
4.3.5 Monitoring and Maintenance ..................................................................... 4-7
4.3.6 Diagnosis and Debugging ......................................................................... 4-8
4.3.7 Software Upgrading.................................................................................. 4-8
4.4 Reliability Principle ............................................................................................. 4-8
4.4.1 Hardware Reliability ................................................................................. 4-8

4.4.2 Software Reliability................................................................................... 4-8
4.4.3 Data Reliability ......................................................................................... 4-9
Chapter 5 Radio Protection Conigurations............................................. 5-1

5.1 1+0 No-Protection Coniguration ......................................................................... 5-1
5.2 1+1 HSB Coniguration ....................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 1+1 SD Coniguration ......................................................................................... 5-4
5.4 1+1 FD Coniguration ......................................................................................... 5-6
5.5 2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration................................................................. 5-7
5.6 2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration .............................................................................. 5-8
5.7 2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration ...............................................................................5-11
Chapter 6 Networking Modes .................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Point-to-Point Networking Mode .......................................................................... 6-2
6.3 Chain Networking Mode...................................................................................... 6-3
6.4 Tree Networking Mode........................................................................................ 6-3
6.5 Ring Networking Mode ....................................................................................... 6-4
Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance..................................................... 7-1

7.1 Operation & Maintenance Solution ...................................................................... 7-1
7.2 LMT .................................................................................................................. 7-1
7.2.1 Functions................................................................................................. 7-1
7.2.2 Networking .............................................................................................. 7-1
7.3 NetNumen U31 System ...................................................................................... 7-2
7.3.1 Functions................................................................................................. 7-2
7.3.2 Networking .............................................................................................. 7-2
Chapter 8 Technical Indexes ..................................................................... 8-1

8.1 System Indexes ................................................................................................. 8-1
8.2 Radio Frequency................................................................................................ 8-2
8.2.1 Channel Spacing...................................................................................... 8-2
8.2.2 ODU Transceiving Spacing ....................................................................... 8-2
8.3 System Capacity ................................................................................................ 8-2
8.4 Power................................................................................................................ 8-5
8.4.1 Transmit Power ........................................................................................ 8-5
8.4.2 Threshold Power ...................................................................................... 8-9
8.5 Physical Indexes .............................................................................................. 8-12
8.5.1 Dimensions............................................................................................ 8-12
8.5.2 Weight................................................................................................... 8-12
8.5.3 Power Supply......................................................................................... 8-12
II

8.5.4 Power Consumption ............................................................................... 8-13
8.6 Reliability ......................................................................................................... 8-14
8.6.1 Security ................................................................................................. 8-14
8.6.2 Fault Tolerance ...................................................................................... 8-14
8.6.3 EMC...................................................................................................... 8-14
8.6.4 Operations............................................................................................. 8-14
8.6.5 Storage ................................................................................................. 8-14
8.6.6 Protection Class ..................................................................................... 8-14
Figures............................................................................................................. I
Tables ............................................................................................................ III
Glossary .........................................................................................................V
III

IV

About This Manual
Purpose
This manual provides information about the system structure, signal lows, system
principles, conigurations, networking modes, operation and maintenance, and technical
indexes of the ZXMW NR8250 digital microwave transmission system.
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for technical personnel who perform operations on the ZXMW
N8250 digital microwave transmission system.
What Is in This Manual

This manual contains the following chapters:
Chapter Summary
1, Overview Describes the system composition, external view, and

functions of the ZXMW NR8250.
2, System Architecture Describes the logical architecture, hardware architecture,

and software architecture of the ZXMW NR8250.
3, Signal Flows Describes the service signal low and management plane
signal low of the ZXMW NR8250.
4, System Principles Describes the clock principle, power supply principle,

operation and maintenance principle, and reliability
principle of the ZXMW NR8250.
5, Radio Protection Conigurations Describes various hardware compositions and operating

modes of the ZXMW NR8250.
6, Networking Modes Describes various networking modes of the ZXMW

NR8250.
7, Operation and Maintenance Describes two operation and maintenance modes of the
ZXMW NR8250: Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and
NetNumen centralized network management system.
8, Technical Indexes Describes technical indexes of the ZXMW NR8250.
Conventions
This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
Typeface Meaning
Italics Variables in commands. It may also refer to other related manuals and documents.

Typeface Meaning
Bold Menus, menu options, function names, input ields, option button names, check
boxes, drop-down lists, dialog box names, window names, parameters, and
commands.
Constant width Text that you type, program codes, ilenames, directory names, and function
names.
[] Optional parameters.
{} Mandatory parameters.
| Separates individual parameters in a series of parameters.
Danger: indicates an imminently hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

in death or serious injury, equipment damage, or site breakdown.
Warning: indicates a potentially hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

in serious injury, equipment damage, or interruption of major services.
Caution: indicates a potentially hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

in moderate injury, equipment damage, or interruption of minor services.
Note: provides additional information about a certain topic.
II

Chapter 1
Overview
Table of Contents
Product Composition ..................................................................................................1-1
Product External View ................................................................................................1-2
Product Functions ......................................................................................................1-3
1.1 Product Composition

Figure 1-1 shows the product composition.
Figure 1-1 Product Composition
l Indoor Unit (IDU)

The IDU accesses service data through the service interface board. The main control
unit implements service switching and processing, and provides system management
functions. The Intermediate Frequency (IF) board modulates/demodulates baseband
data and provides interfaces connected to other IDUs.
l Outdoor Unit (ODU)
An ODU is connected to the IDU through IF cables. It implements functions including

service data up/down conversion and Radio Frequency (RF) transceiving.
1-1

ZXMW NR8250 System Description
l Antenna
Antennas directionally transmit, converge, and receive electromagnetic wave signals
through parabolic relectors.
à In the transmitting direction, the electromagnetic waves sent from waveguides
are polarized and radiated.
à In the receiving direction, the received electromagnetic waves are polarized and
converted into electromagnetic energy and transmitted by waveguides.
l Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT)
The LMT software is embedded into the IDU. Users can access the IDU through the
Internet Explorer installed on a Personal Computer (PC) and manage the IDU.
l Element Management System (EMS)
The NetNumen U31 system, known as the EMS, communicates with the IDU through
the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and manages multiple Network
Elements (NEs) in the network.
1.2 Product External View

The NR8250, which uses modular design, consists of an IDU and one or multiple ODUs.
IDU
Figure 1-2 shows the external view of the IDU.
Figure 1-2 IDU
ODU
Table 1-1 show the external view of ODU respectively.
1-2

Chapter 1 Overview
Table 1-1 ODU
Style external view
ODU SRU
A400 6 GHz~11 GHz
13 GHz~38 GHz
1.3 Product Functions

For detailed information of the NR8250 functions, refer to Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Functions of the NR8250
Service Type Function Description
Native represents the advanced native transmission

technology while Hybrid means hybrid transmission of
Hybrid & Native non-mapping native services. The Hybrid & Native function
Wireless microwave enables the native Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) service
transmission and the native Ethernet service to dynamically share the
air interface bandwidth, and mapping between them is not
required. The functions has the following advantages:
1-3

l Reduces the transmission delay and increases the

system transmission eficiency.
l Reduces unnecessary cost of frame encapsulation and
increases the radio bandwidth utilization.
l Increases the microwave frequency spectrum
utilization.
The NR8250 can function as a convergence node and

supports at most six transmission directions. The Ethernet
Six-direction
service switching function and the Synchronous Digital
aggregation node
Hierarchy (SDH) Multiplexer (MUX) function are embedded
in the NR8250, facilitating service switching.
ACM is a technology that can automatically adjust the

coding and modulation mode in accordance with channel
quality. When channel quality is good, the ACM function
Adaptive Coding and
improves the system transmission eficiency and frequency
Modulation (ACM)
spectrum utilization. When channel quality is deteriorated,
the ACM function ensures the link reliability of high-priority
services.
Automatic This function reduces the transmitter's interference on

transmission power neighbor systems and the transmitter's residual error rate.
control
The NR8250 can transmit two channels of different signals

on the same carrier frequency through a dual-polarized
antenna, and such signals are called cross-polarized
Cross Polarization signals. In practical applications, however, interference is
Interference generated between cross-polarized signals due to limited
Canceller (XPIC) antenna isolation, multi-path effect, or signal attenuation
caused by rain. The XPIC function is applied at the
receiving end to eliminate the interference and improve the
system immunity.
With this function, the contents that are unchanged but

Ethernet frame repeatedly transmitted in Ethernet data frames, such as
header compression MAC address and IP header, are replaced by short bytes at
on air interface the transmitting end. This function increases the Ethernet
service transmission throughput for a ixed bandwidth.
l The NR8250 supports Ethernet load balance and XPIC

to implement large-capacity transmission.
l The Ethernet load balance function is implemented
Load balance
by Link Aggregation Group (LAG) or Physical Link
Aggregation (PLA). LAG uses the HASH algorithm to
calculate source/destination addresses of data lows to
1-4

Chapter 1 Overview
determine the transmission channel for each service

low. Load balance can also be implemented based
on IP addresses. PLA slices each service low in
accordance with a ixed length, and averagely allocates
such data slices to each transmission channel.
The NR8250 supports TDM service cross connections,

Service cross that is, cross connections from E1 to STM-1 and from
connections STM-1 to E1. The maximum cross-connection capacity is
3200E1×3200E1.
l The NR8250 supports SNCP switchover when the

work mode of air interface is set to E1 or STM-1. It
improves the microwave link transmission reliability.
l SNCP uses 1+1 protection mode. In other words, each
transmission direction has two different routes: working
route and protection route. Service data is transferred
TDM between two NEs through SNCP, that is, the NE at the
Sub-Network
transmitting end transmits service data to the NE at
Connection
the receiving end through the working subnetwork and
Protection (SNCP)
protection subnetwork in bridge mode. The NE at the
for TDM service
receiving end selects the service data from one of the
two routes based on the switchover principle.
l The SNCP function can be lexibly applied in protection
coniguration for various networks, including trunk
network, relay network, and access network. It can
also be applied in various network topologies, including
tree network, ring network, and mesh network.
This function has the following advantages:

l Supports the Ethernet switching function with a
maximum switching capacity of 22 Gbit/s.
l Provides 10/100/1000 Mbps adaptive ports, and
supports the auto-negotiation function and automatic
transmission rate adjustment.
l Supports statistics of Ethernet bandwidth utilization
and remote monitoring.
Ethernet Ethernet switching
l Supports 16 K Medium Access Control (MAC) address
spaces.
l Supports 4 K VLANs that comply with the IEEE 802.1q
standard.
l Supports 9600-byte Jumbo frames.
l Supports the STP/RSTP/MSTP function. It prevents
packets from being multiplied and circulated in a
ring network, and ensures that the system packet
1-5

processing capability will not degrade due to repeatedly

receiving the same packets.
l Supports the Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)
function, which includes continuity check, loopback
check, link tracing, remote defect indication, frame loss
rate measurement, alarm indication, administrative
locking, and signal testing.
l Supports the Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) function,
which includes link frame-level detection and statistics
management, and reports the alarm status of relevant
links to users in a timely manner.
l Supports the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
function, which enables devices of different vendors
to recognize each other in the network and exchange
system coniguration information with each other.
l Supports the Link Aggregation Control Protocol
(LACP) function, through which multiple member links
are bound to form an aggregation group, increasing
point-to-point bandwidth and redundancy between two
devices.
l Supports the Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
(ERPS) function, which is operating on all NEs in a ring
network. The Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)
module checks link connectivity in the ring network and
reports link faults to ERPS to ensure that each NE can
operate properly.
l Supports the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
function, which dynamically checks the microwave
network topology and calculates the route table for the
IP layer to forward data.
QoS is a network security mechanism, which helps solve

network delay and congestion problems.
The NR8250 determines the scheduling priority of a packet
in accordance with the information such as 802.1q priority,
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) priority, and
mpls label in the packet. It ensures that important packets
Quality of Service
are not delayed or discarded and the network can operate
(QoS)
properly.
This functions has the following advantages:
l Supports various scheduling types, including Strict
Priority (SP), Weighted Round Robin (WRR), Weighted
Deicit Round Robin (WDRR), SP+WRR, and
SP+WDRR.
1-6

Chapter 1 Overview
l Supports two packet discarding functions: end

discarding and simple early random discarding.
l Supports the storm suppression function for unknown
unicast, unknown multicast, known multicast, and
broadcast.
l Supports the packet aging time setting function that is
embedded in the NR8250.
l Supports the trafic shaping function for outgoing
services.
l Supports the control list access function. In other
words, the input data packets are categorized in
accordance with iltering conditions such as source
address, destination address, and port number of
the packets. This function implements a series of
operations for speciic service lows, including low
control, black/white list, priority mapping, and low
statistics.
1-7

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1-8

Chapter 2
System Architecture
Table of Contents
Logical Architecture....................................................................................................2-1
Hardware Architecture................................................................................................2-3
Software Architecture .................................................................................................2-6
2.1 Logical Architecture

Figure 2-1 shows the logical architecture of the NR8250 system.
2-1

Figure 2-1 System Logical Architecture
IDU
l Radio Core Cross-connect Unit (RCU)
It implements functions including system control, system clock synchronization,

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) service cross connections, and Ethernet service
switching.
l Radio Trafic Unit (RTU)
It accesses GE/FE, E1, and STM-1/4 services.
l Radio Modulation Unit (RMU)

It encodes baseband signals sent from the RCU, modulates them into Intermediate
Frequency (IF) signals, and sends them to ODU(s) via the IF interface.
2-2

Chapter 2 System Architecture
It also receives IF signals sent from ODU(s), demodulates and decodes them, and
sends them to the RCU.
l Power Module (PM): It is the power supply module of the IDU.
l Radio Power Unit (RPU): It is the power supply module of ODU.
l Radio Fan Asset (RFA): It is the fan board of the IDU.
ODU
It is placed outdoors, together with an antenna, implementing RF signal transmitting and
receiving.
2.2 Hardware Architecture

2.2.1 IDU
Figure 2-2 shows the hardware architecture of the IDU.
Figure 2-2 IDU Hardware Architecture
For the relationship between the boards and corresponding slots, refer to Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Relationship Between Boards and Corresponding Slots
Slot No. Board Type Board
1-2 RCU RCUB
2-8 RTU RTUA, RTUB, RTUC, RTUNO, RTUNE,

RTUHO, RTUHE
3-8 RMU RMUC, RMUD
14, 15 PM PM3
13 RPU RPUA
16 RFA RFAB
2-3

2.2.2 ODU
SRU ODU
For the structure of an SRU ODU, see Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 SRU ODU
1. Grounding interface 3. Receiving level indication 4. Antenna interface

2. IF interface interface
A400 ODU
For the structure of an A400 ODU, see Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5.
2-4

Figure 2-4 A400 ODU (6 GHz–11 GHz)
1. Receiving level indication 3. Grounding interface 5. Antenna interface (coaxial

interface 4. Antenna interface cable type)
2. IF interface (waveguide type)
2-5

Figure 2-5 A400 ODU (13GHz–38 GHz)
1. Grounding interface 3. Receiving level indication 4. Antenna interface

2. IF interface interface
2.3 Software Architecture

The NR8250 software system is based on the Software Deined Radio (SDR) platform. It
consists of the following subsystems:
l Product application subsystem
l Coniguration management subsystem
l Resource management subsystem
l Protocol stack subsystem
l Driver adaptive layer subsystem
l Radio RF link management subsystem
l SDR/L2 and SDR/L3 subsystems
l Board Support Package (BSP) subsystem
Figure 2-6 shows the software architecture of the NR8250 system.
2-6

Figure 2-6 Software Architecture
Product Application Subsystem (Product Application)

This subsystem implements the following functions:
l Network Management System (NMS) access control
l Database System (DBS) data table and trigger deinitions
l Alarm deinition
l Performance counter deinition
l Web server
l Time management
l Environment management
Coniguration Management Subsystem (CFG)

This subsystem implements the following functions:
l Equipment (rack) coniguration
l Ethernet service coniguration
l TDM service coniguration
l Radio parameter coniguration
l Clock coniguration
l Protocol stack coniguration
2-7

It ensures that the back-end coniguration data can be correctly written into the front-end
DBS.
Resource Management Subsystem (RM)

This subsystem manages and updates resource status in a centralized manner, and
provides resource-related operating interfaces for other subsystems.
Protocol Stack Subsystem (Protocol)

This subsystem implements Ethernet-related protocols, and processes Ethernet
protocol packets entering the CPU in accordance with the coniguration data. It
processes clock-related services, including clock source management, clock protocol
implementation, and clock source selection.
Driver Adaptive Layer Subsystem (MUX)

This subsystem transceives incoming/outgoing packets of the CPU, and provides the
uniied hardware operating interface for upper-layer service processing entities.
Radio RF Link Management Subsystem (RPM)

This subsystem manages Intermediate Frequency (IF) and Radio Frequency (RF) devices,
implements the Automatic Transmitter Power Control (ATPC) function, and protects RF
links.
SDR/L2 and SDR/L3 Subsystems

The two subsystems provide bottom-layer supports for the software operating
environment, including Operating System (OS) encapsulation and standard Operation &
Maintenance (O&M) for devices.
BSP Subsystem
This subsystem drives bottom-layer hardware and provides the hardware Application
Programming Interface (API) for upper-layer subsystems.
2-8

Chapter 3
Signal Flows
Table of Contents
Service Flows.............................................................................................................3-1
Management Plane Signal Flow .................................................................................3-5
3.1 Service Flows

3.1.1 TDM Service Flow
The Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) service of the NR8250 involves E1, STM-1, and
STM-4. Figure 3-1 shows the TDM service low.
Figure 3-1 TDM Service Flow
Transmitting Direction
1. RTU
3-1

l RTUA/RTUC/RTUH
a. Receives E1 signals, and performs HDB3 coding.
b. Encapsulates PDH signals, and transmits them to the switching plane through
the backplane.
l RTUB
a. Receives E1/STM-1/STM-4 signals.
Note:
For E1 signals, the system should perform the following mapping and
multiplexing process: E1 signal -> VC-12 signal -> VC-4 signal.
b. Transmits VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross unit of RTUB.

c. Encapsulates SDH signals, and transmits them to the switching plane through
the backplane.
2. RCU
Receives the encapsulated signals sent from RTU, selects the port in accordance with
the switching policy, and transmits data frames to RMU through the backplane.
3. RMU
a. Maps TDM service signals to the payload area of microwave frames and adds
overhead of microwave frames to form complete microwave frames.
b. Combines the formed analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals through FEC
coding, digital modulation, D/A conversion, and modulation/demodulation.
c. Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power supply signals to ODUs through
IF cables.
4. ODU
a. Separates analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48 V power supply signals.
b. Converts the analog IF signals to RF signals of the transmitting frequency through
up conversion and signal ampliication.
c. Transmits RF signals to the antenna through waveguide.
Receiving Direction
1. ODU
a. Separates and ilters RF signals.
3-2

Chapter 3 Signal Flows
b. Performs down conversion and signal ampliication to convert RF signals to analog

IF signals.
c. Transmits the combined signals that consist of analog IF signals and ODU O&M
signals to RMU through IF cables.
2. RMU
a. Separates the received combined signals into analog IF signals and ODU O&M
signals.
b. Performs A/D conversion, digital demodulation, FEC demodulation, frame
synchronization, and descrambling.
c. Extracts TDM service signal frames from microwave frames, and transmits them
to RCU through the backplane.
3. RCU
Processes received data frames, and outputs SDH/PDH signals to the port selected
in accordance with the switching policy.
4. RTU
l RTUA/RTUC/RTUH
a. Receives PDH signals, and performs HDB3 decoding.
b. Outputs E1 signals.
l RTUB
a. Receives SDH signals.
b. Transmits VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross unit of RTUB.
c. Performs the following processing in accordance with the signal type
outputted by RTUB.
If... Then...
RTUB outputs E1 signals i. Demultiplex VC-4 signals to VC-12 signals.
ii. Transmit VC-12 signals to the timeslot cross unit of

RTUB.
iii. De-map VC-12 signals to E1 signals.
iv. Perform HDB3 decoding to output E1 signals.
RTUB outputs Output STM-1/STM-4 signals.

STM-1/STM-4 signals
3.1.2 Ethernet Service Flow

This section supposes that Ethernet service is accessed from the RTUN board. Figure 3-2
shows the Ethernet service low of the NR8250.
3-3

Figure 3-2 Ethernet Service Flow
Transmitting Direction
1. RTUH/RTUN
Receives Ethernet signals, selects the port through which data is switched to the
backplane in accordance with the switching policy, and sends data frames to RCU
through the backplane.
2. RCU
Transmits data frames to RMU through the backplane in accordance with the switching
policy.
3. RMU
a. Maps Ethernet frames to the payload area of microwave frames and adds
overhead of microwave frames to form complete microwave frames.
b. Combines the formed analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals through FEC
coding, digital modulation, D/A conversion, and modulation/demodulation.
c. Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power supply signals to ODUs through
IF cables.
4. ODU
a. Separates analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48 V power supply signals.
3-4

Chapter 3 Signal Flows
b. Converts the analog IF signals to RF signals of the transmitting frequency through

up conversion and signal ampliication.
c. Transmits RF signals to the antenna through waveguide.
Receiving Direction
1. ODU
a. Separates and ilters RF signals.
b. Performs down conversion and signal ampliication to convert RF signals to analog
IF signals.
c. Transmits the combined signals that consist of analog IF signals and ODU O&M
signals to RMU through IF cables.
2. RMU
a. Separates the received combined signals into analog IF signals and ODU O&M
signals.
b. Performs A/D conversion, digital demodulation, FEC demodulation, frame
synchronization, and descrambling.
c. Extracts Ethernet frames from microwave frames, and sends them to RCU through
the backplane.
3. RCU
Transmits data frames to RTUN through the backplane in accordance with the
switching policy.
4. RTUH/RTUN
Processes received data frames, and selects the port to output Ethernet service
signals in accordance with the switching policy.
3.2 Management Plane Signal Flow

Control signals of the NR8250 are transmitted in the in-band mode. Control signals and
user data are separated by Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN).
l The control signal low is input from the Ethernet board or the IF board (RMU), and
forwarded to the main control board (RCU) for switching.
l In accordance with MAC addresses or IP addresses contained in the control signal
low, the main control board determines whether the control signals should be
processed by the software of the main control board. The control plane data to be
processed is switched to the CPU of the main control board for processing.
3-5

l After being processed, the control plane signal low, which is marked with the VLAN
ID by the main control board for distinction, is sent to the data switching plane from
the CPU, switched to the ports of different boards, and sent outwards.
Figure 3-3 shows the control signal low of the NR8250.
Figure 3-3 Control Signal Flow of NR8250
3-6

Chapter 4
System Principles
Table of Contents
System Clock Principle...............................................................................................4-1
Power Supply Principle...............................................................................................4-3
Operation and Maintenance Principle .........................................................................4-4
Reliability Principle .....................................................................................................4-8
4.1 System Clock Principle

4.1.1 Clock Synchronization Types
For the input/output clock sources supported by the NR8250, refer to Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Input/Output Clock Sources Supported by NR8250
Clock Source Type Description Standard Followed
BITS clock The BITS clock signal is inputted from the CLK ITU-T G.813 standard
IN/OUT port on the RCU panel. The BITS clock
has two modes: 2 Mbps and 2 MHz. Users can
conigure the clock mode through software.
SyncE synchronization The NR8250 supports the Master-output/Slave- ITU-T G.8262

gigabit/megabit input mode. The synchronization Ethernet clock standard
Ethernet clock signal is inputted/outputted from the gigabit or
megabit Ethernet interface of RCU/RTUH/RTUN.
Synchronous Digital The NR8250 extracts the clock signal from STM-N ITU-T G.813 standard
Hierarchy (SDH) clock physical iber (namely, the clock signal is extracted
from the STM1/STM4 optical service inputted
from the electrical interface of RTUB), and it has
nothing to do with the service that the optical iber
bears. The clock signal outputted from STM-1/4 is
forwarded to the lower-level NEs.
Microwave air-interface The NR8250 restores the clock signal from the ITU-T G.813 standard
clock air interface, and uses it as the system reference
clock source.
1PPS+TOD clock The 1PPS+TOD clock signal is inputted/outputted ITU-T G.813 standard
from the CLK IN/OUT port on the RCUB panel.
4-1

Clock Source Type Description Standard Followed
1588v2 clock The NR8250 supports the 1588v2 protocol. It ITU-T G.8263
extracts the clock signal from the 1588v2 Slave standard
interface, inputs/outputs it through the gigabit
Ethernet interface of RCU/RTUH/RTUN, and uses
the signal as the system reference clock source.
The supported clock types include common clock,
edge clock, and transparent clock.
l If an NR8250 is used as a secondary common
clock, it synchronizes with upper-level NEs
through the 1588v2 protocol. If an NR8250 is
used as a primary common clock, it outputs
the clock signal to the lower-level NEs through
the 1588v2 protocol.
l If an NR8250 is used as a transparent
clock, it satisies the clock synchronization
requirement of terminal devices through the
point-to-point existence delay modiication
for 1588v2 packets that are transparently
transferred in the microwave network.
l If an NR8250 is used as an edge clock, it
forwards the clock synchronization signal in
the microwave network to satisfy the clock
synchronization requirement of terminal
devices.
Plesiochronous Digital The NR8250 extracts the clock signal from the E1 ITU-T G.823 standard
Hierarchy (PDH) clock interface of RTUB/RTUC/RTUH, and uses it as
the system reference clock source.
4.1.2 Clock Synchronization Principles

A microwave network that consists of NR8250s bears SDH services and radio services. It
is a synchronization network, synchronizing time in the primary/secondary synchronization
mode.
An NE node in the microwave network is taken as the primary clock, and synchronizes
with the upper-level high-precision clock. It is conigured with a high-precision local crystal
oscillator, which is used for keeping the clock or as the primary clock when no external
high-precision clock is available. Other NE nodes in the network trace the primary clock,
and control corresponding lower-level NE nodes in accordance with the primary clock.
Figure 4-1 shows the clock signal transferring diagram of the NR8250.
4-2

Chapter 4 System Principles
Figure 4-1 Clock Signal Transferring Diagram
1. After the system clock of IDU1 locks a reference clock source, it transfers the clock
signal to IDU2 through microwave air interface, synchronization Ethernet, or optical
iber, and works as the reference clock source of IDU2.
2. IDU2 can lock its system clock to the reference clock source and outputs the system
clock signal to implement the clock transferring function.
4.2 Power Supply Principle

4.2.1 Power Supply Connection
The NR8250 uses the standard -48 V communication power supply. The IDU and relevant
ODUs use different power supplies.
l The IDU gets the -48 V power supply from the PM module, which supports the 1+1
backup function and has a maximum power of 300 W.
l An ODU gets power supply from the IF interface of the RMU board, which gets
power supply from the RPUA board. The maximum power of an RPUA is 210 W,
and an RPUA can provide power supply to six ODUs at most. The RPUA board
performs functions including Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) protection for
circuits, reverse-connection prevention, and O-Ring.
4.2.2 Power Distribution

The PM module provides the 12 V power supply for boards in all slots. The RPUA board
provides the -48 V power supply for boards in slots 3 to 6. Figure 4-2 shows the power
distribution of the NR8250.
4-3

Figure 4-2 NR8250 Power Distribution
4.3 Operation and Maintenance Principle

4.3.1 Configuration Modes
The NR8250 provides various login methods and coniguration management methods to
facilitate equipment maintenance. Users can select appropriate connection coniguration
modes in accordance with actual conditions.
l WEB coniguration mode
Users manage equipment through the HTTP protocol. After entering the IP address of
an NR8250 in the Internet Explorer, users can log in to the WEB-formed LMT system
and manage the equipment.
l EMS coniguration mode
The back-end network management server operates as the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) server, and the front-end NR8250 operates as
the SNMP client. The front-end and the back-end share the same Management
Information Base (MIB) database, and equipment management is implemented
through the network management system. This connection coniguration mode
helps users effectively manage and conigure the equipment through the network
management system.
4-4

4.3.2 Data Management

The data management module helps users manage the NR8250 coniguration data. It
ensures that the coniguration data can be issued to each service board reliably and
accurately.
Data Storage
In the NR8250 system, the main control board uses a 256 MB lash to save data. The
lash stores various iles, including version iles, coniguration iles, exception log iles, and
performance iles.
4.3.3 Security Management

The security management module helps LMT users maintain the operation rights, including
querying rights, adding rights, deleting rights, and setting rights and passwords for users.
The user rights hierarchy function is used to manage the equipment operation commands.
The coniguration right and browsing right are available to users. Those who only have
the browsing right can only access the coniguration window but cannot modify the
coniguration data.
At most 10 users can be added through the security management module. There are three
roles: administrator, operator, and browsing user.
l The administrator can perform all query operations and coniguration operations, and
add or delete users.
l An operator can perform query operations and coniguration operations.
l A browsing user can only perform query operations.
All users can modify their own passwords.
The security management module also provides the IP rule iltering function and the Trap
IP control-table enabling function for the NetNumen U31 system.
Figure 4-3 shows the security management signal low.
Figure 4-3 Security Management Signal Flow
4-5

4.3.4 Alarm Management

Alarm Management Functions
The alarm management module is one of the application modules of the Operation,
Administration and Maintenance (OAM) subsystem. It provides the following functions:
l Monitors the operating status of each module/unit in the system, and collects status
messages, alarm messages, and alarm recovery messages of each monitored unit.
l Analyzes these messages and sends them to the back-end after appropriate proc-
essing, It enables the back-end network management system to monitor the entire
system operations in real time.
l Notiies relevant application systems to troubleshoot faults in accordance with the
alarm inluence range.
l Relects the real-time operating status of the equipment, software, and environment,
and locates faulty units accurately in real time.
l Provides detailed information of fault descriptions and fault occurring time.
l Provides possible fault causes, troubleshooting solutions, and suggestions.
Alarm Management Mechanism

Figure 4-4 shows the alarm management mechanism.
Figure 4-4 Alarm Management Mechanism
l The main control board stores all the alarm bitmap information of the equipment, and
collects alarm information of each board through the alarm collection management
function. Each board can also automatically reports alarm information to the alarm
agent module.
l The agent management function reconstructs alarm information. The alarm agent
module extracts useful alarm information and sends it to the main control board. The
main control board manages alarm information in a uniied manner.
4-6

4.3.5 Monitoring and Maintenance

The monitoring and maintenance module helps users not only ind all faults of the
equipment but also troubleshoot the faults in a timely manner. It ensures proper
operations of the equipment.
Equipment Monitoring
l The maintenance terminal provides all alarm information of the equipment and
monitors the status and operations of the equipment in real time. It handles all
abnormal alarms that affect the equipment operations in a timely manner to ensure
that the equipment can operate properly.
l Alarm information is divided into four levels:
à critical
à major
à minor
à warning
Alarm levels enable users to handle critical alarms as soon as possible.
l Indicators are designed on the power board, main control board, and each controlled
board. The color and lashing frequency of each indicator relects the operating status
of the corresponding board, whether the board has an alarm, and the alarm level.
l When the equipment is being started, the system gives a sound prompt, indicating
whether the equipment is powered on properly. The system also provides sound alarm
and rotating speed alarm for the fans if they are faulty.
l The system uses the active/standby coniguration. When the active equipment
becomes faulty, the system automatically perform active/standby equipment
switchover to ensure that the system can operate properly.
Equipment Maintenance
l The multi-user operation mode is implemented through the user rights hierarchy.
l During the equipment operating process, all alarm information is recorded. When
a fault occurs, users can ind the fault causes through the log information and
troubleshoot the fault in a timely manner.
l When the equipment is powered down or restarts, the system provides a special alarm
handling policy to ensure that the original alarm information will not be lost after the
equipment is powered on or restarted.
l Association or iltering shielding processing is performed for redundant alarms of the
equipment, ensuring that important alarms are provided.
l In the LMT system, users check the operating status of the equipment.
l In the LMT system, users can check the service performance data of the equipment,
including 15-minute performance data of one day and 24-hour performance data of
10 days.
4-7

4.3.6 Diagnosis and Debugging

The NR8250 provides various diagnosis and debugging methods, helping users get
suficient debugging information during the equipment debugging process.
The NR8250 provides a dedicated diagnosis and debugging command mode and
comparatively complete diagnosis and debugging functions. Users can check the
equipment at any time, and remotely ind and locate faults.
4.3.7 Software Upgrading

The NR8250 supports software upgrading through Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) or
Element Management System (EMS).
4.4 Reliability Principle

4.4.1 Hardware Reliability
The NR8250 system uses the redundancy design to improve the hardware reliability.
l Power supply protection
The IDU and ODUs use different power supplies, and all the power supplies support
1+1 backup protection.
l Control-switching-plane active/standby protection
The system supports active/standby protection for the main control board and clock.
When the active board becomes faulty, the standby board is automatically switched
over to operate as the active board. During the active/standby switchover, an
instantaneous service interruption is allowed.
l Air interface protection
The system supports three protection modes: 1+1 hot backup protection, 1+1 space
diversity protection, and 1+1 frequency diversity protection.
4.4.2 Software Reliability

l The software development of the NR8250 complies with the Capability Maturity Model
(CMM) speciication.
l Uniied and portable system platform
The NR8250 uses a modularized software system platform, which completely shields
the hardware features and makes the application layer independent of the hardware.
It provides a uniied and portable system platform for various applications.
l Hierarchical modularized structure
4-8

The NR8250 uses a hierarchical modularized software structure to implement a high

cohesion and low coupling. It reduces the inluence of an errored software module on
other software modules to the minimum extent.
l Uninterrupted upgrading
The NR8250 supports upgrading software by installing the software patch. The
software of a controlled board can be upgraded online without affecting the main
control board. It improves the service transmission capability as well as the system
availability and service quality.
4.4.3 Data Reliability

The NR8250 provides a strict data protection mechanism.
l It supports real-time synchronous data backup between the active board and the
standby board. When the active board is faulty, the standby board is automatically
switched over to operate as the active board, and its program and data take effect
immediately. Because the standby board's data is consistent with that of the active
board, the upper-layer service transmission will not be affected.
l It supports automatically backing up the database of the active board to the Flash
storage area. In this way, the active board can acquire the data directly from the
Flash storage area.
l It provides the active/standby 1+1 protection mode of the radio link to ensure the
service transmission data reliability. The active/standby 1+1 protection mode has the
following three types:
à 1+1 space diversity protection
à 1+1 frequency diversity protection
à 1+1 hot backup protection
l The version management function enables the system to initiate the version
consistency check periodically. If data inconsistency is found, an alarm is reported,
and the incorrect software version is prohibited to be activated and loaded. The
system also notiies users to re-download the software version package to recover
the data.
4-9

4-10

Chapter 5
Radio Protection
Conigurations
Table of Contents
1+0 No-Protection Coniguration ................................................................................5-1
1+1 HSB Coniguration...............................................................................................5-2
1+1 SD Coniguration .................................................................................................5-4
1+1 FD Coniguration .................................................................................................5-6
2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration .......................................................................5-7
2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration .....................................................................................5-8
2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration......................................................................................5-11
5.1 1+0 No-Protection Coniguration

Coniguration Requirements
Note:
The coniguration requirements described in this chapter are only suitable for one-hop
links.
Component Quantity and Available Slots
Indoor Unit (IDU) Two
Radio Modulation Unit Two (each IDU is conigured with one RMU), inserted in any of slots 3
(RMU) to 8
Outdoor Unit (ODU) Two
Antenna Two
Intermediate Frequency Two

(IF) cable
5-1

1+0 No-Protection Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-1 1+0 No-Protection Coniguration Illustration
1+0 No-Protection System Block Diagram
Figure 5-2 1+0 No-Protection System Block Diagram
In the 1+0 no-protection coniguration, a microwave link has only one operating channel
and does not have any standby channel.
5.2 1+1 HSB Coniguration

HSB is short for Hot Standby. In this coniguration mode, 1+1 hot backup protection is
implemented for RMUs and ODUs.
IDU Two
RMU Four (each IDU is conigured with two RMUs), inserted in slots 3 and
4, slots 5 and 6, or slots 7 and 8
ODU Four
Antenna Two
IF cable Four
5-2

Chapter 5 Radio Protection Conigurations
Combiner Two
Figure 5-3 shows the slot allocation for RMUs in the 1+1 HSB coniguration mode.
Figure 5-3 Slot Allocation for RMUs in 1+1 HSB Coniguration Mode
The following slots are mutually protected:

l slots 3 and 4
l slots 5 and 6
l slots 7 and 8
Note:
The slot allocation for 1+1 Space Diversity (SD) coniguration and 1+1 Frequency Diversity
(FD) coniguration are the same as that for 1+1 HSB coniguration.
1+1 HSB Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-4 1+1 HSB Coniguration Illustration
5-3

1+1 HSB System Block Diagram
Figure 5-5 1+1 HSB System Block Diagram
l In the transmitting direction: Service signals are transmitted to the active RMU and
the standby RMU. Normally, the active ODU transmits RF signals to the antennas
while the standby ODU does not transmit signal. When the active RMU or ODU
becomes faulty, the active ODU stops transmitting signals and the standby ODU starts
transmitting signals.
l In the receiving direction: The system selects one channel of service signals
with better signal quality from the two that are transmitted by the opposite-end
active/standby ODUs.
5.3 1+1 SD Coniguration

SD is short for Space Diversity. In this coniguration mode, 1+1 backup protection is
implemented for channels. Two spatially-separated antennas are used to receive the same
signal. The system selects the optimal one from the two received signals, which minimizes
the impact of attenuation on signal transmission.
IDU Two
ODU Four
Antenna Four
5-4

IF cable Four
1+1 SD Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-6 1+1 SD Coniguration Illustration
1+1 SD System Block Diagram
Figure 5-7 1+1 SD System Block Diagram
l In the transmitting direction: Service signals are transmitted to the active RMU and the
standby RMU. Normally, the active ODU transmits RF signals to the antenna while the
standby ODU does not transmit signal. When the active RMU or ODU becomes faulty,
the active ODU stops transmitting signals and the standby ODU starts transmitting
signals.
5-5

5.4 1+1 FD Coniguration

FD is short for Frequency Diversity. In this coniguration mode, 1+1 backup protection
is implemented for channels. Two channels with a certain frequency spacing are used
to transmit and receive the same signals. The system selects the optimal one from the
received two signals, which minimizes the impact of attenuation on signal transmission.
IDU Two
ODU Four
Antenna Two
IF cable Four
Combiner Two
1+1 FD Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-8 1+1 FD Coniguration Illustration
5-6

1+1 FD System Block Diagram
Figure 5-9 1+1 FD System Block Diagram
l In the transmitting direction: Service signals are transmitted to the active RMU and
the standby RMU. The active ODU transmits RF signals with the F1 frequency to the
antenna, and the standby ODU transmits RF signals with the F2 frequency to the
antenna. F1 and F2 are scarcely correlated.
l In the receiving direction: The active ODU and the standby ODU respectively
extract RF signals of F1 frequency and F2 frequency from the signals received
from the antenna. The system selects the service signal with better quality from the
corresponding RMU.
5.5 2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration

IDU Two
RMUC Four (each IDU is conigured with two RMUs), inserted in

slots 3 and 4, slots 5 and 6, or slots 7 and 8
ODU Four
Antenna Two
IF cable Four
XPIC cross-connect cable Four
5-7

2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-10 2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration Illustration
2+0 XPIC No-Protection System Block Diagram
Figure 5-11 2+0 XPIC No-Protection System Block Diagram
5.6 2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration

IDU Two
RMUC Eight (each IDU is conigured with four RMUCs),

inserted in slots 5 to 8
ODU Eight
5-8

Antenna Two
IF cable Eight
Combiner Four
XPIC cross-connect cable Eight
2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-12 2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration Illustration
In the 2+2 XPIC HSB coniguration mode, an active ODU and its standby ODU are
connected to the same antenna through a combiner, providing HSB protection.
5-9

2+2 XPIC HSB System Block Diagram
Figure 5-13 2+2 XPIC HSB System Block Diagram
l In the transmitting direction: Normally, the active ODUs transmit RF signals to the
antennas while the standby ODUs do not transmit signal.
à When an active ODU is faulty, the corresponding standby ODU transmits RF
signals to the antenna, and the active ODU does not transmit signal.
à When an active RMUC is faulty, the corresponding standby RMUC modulates
signals, and the corresponding standby ODU transmits RF signals to the antenna.
The active ODU does not transmit signal.
5-10

5.7 2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration

IDU Two
RMUC Eight (each IDU is conigured with four RMUCs), inserted

in slots 5 to 8
ODU Eight
Antenna Four
IF cable Eight
XPIC cross-connect cable Eight
2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration Illustration
Figure 5-14 2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration Illustration
5-11

2+2 XPIC SD System Block Diagram
Figure 5-15 2+2 XPIC SD System Block Diagram
l In the transmitting direction: Normally, the active ODUs transmit RF signals to the
antennas while the standby ODUs do not transmit signal.
à When an active ODU is faulty, the corresponding standby ODU transmits RF
signals to the antenna, and the active ODU does not transmit signal.
à When an active RMU is faulty, the corresponding standby RMU modulates

signals, and the corresponding standby ODU transmits RF signals to the
antenna. The active ODU does not transmit signals.
l In the receiving direction: The system receives the service signal with better signal
quality from the two that are transmitted by the opposite-end active/standby ODUs.
5-12

Chapter 6
Networking Modes
Table of Contents
Overview ....................................................................................................................6-1
Point-to-Point Networking Mode .................................................................................6-2
Chain Networking Mode .............................................................................................6-3
Tree Networking Mode ...............................................................................................6-3
Ring Networking Mode ...............................................................................................6-4
6.1 Overview
The NR8250 supports multiple networking modes to meet various application
requirements. It is mainly applied as a Backhaul aggregation node and in a ring network.
Figure 6-1 NR8250 Networking Diagram
Application
l Mobile Backhaul aggregation node
6-1

Figure 6-2 Mobile Backhaul Aggregation Node
l Mobile Backhaul ring network
Figure 6-3 Mobile Backhaul Ring Network
6.2 Point-to-Point Networking Mode

The NR8250 supports the Point-To-Point (PTP) networking mode. In a PTP network,
services between two nodes are directly transmitted through microwave, see Figure 6-4.
6-2

Chapter 6 Networking Modes
Figure 6-4 Point-to-Point Network
6.3 Chain Networking Mode

The NR8250 supports the chain networking mode. In a chain network, all microwave
transmission nodes are linked one by one as a chain, and the irst node and the last node
of the chain are open, see Figure 6-5.
Figure 6-5 Chain Network
6.4 Tree Networking Mode

The NR8250 supports the tree networking mode. In a tree network, several chain
topologies are connected through some NE nodes, and there is no loop in the network,
see Figure 6-6.
Figure 6-6 Tree Network
6-3

6.5 Ring Networking Mode

NR8250s can form a ring network through microwave, see Figure 6-7.
Figure 6-7 Ring Network
6-4

Chapter 7
Operation and Maintenance
Table of Contents
Operation & Maintenance Solution .............................................................................7-1
LMT............................................................................................................................7-1
NetNumen U31 System..............................................................................................7-2
7.1 Operation & Maintenance Solution

The NR8250 system supports the following two operation & maintenance solutions:
l Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT)
l NetNumen U31 centralized network management system
7.2 LMT
7.2.1 Functions
LMT is a Web-based local maintenance terminal, which is embedded in IDUs. User can
use the Internet Explorer on a Personal Computer (PC) to log in to and manage a single
Network Element (NE) without installing additional client software.
LMT provides the following NE-level management functions:
l Alarm management
l Coniguration management
l Performance management
l Maintenance management
l Security management
7.2.2 Networking
After connecting a PC to the IDU through an Ethernet cable, users can access the
equipment through the Internet Explorer on the PC. Figure 7-1 shows the networking
diagram.
7-1

Figure 7-1 Local Networking Diagram
Users can access IDU1 to IDU6 through the LMT software embedded in each IDU.
Users can log in to an IDU through the PC and perform management functions such as
alarm management and coniguration management.
7.3 NetNumen U31 System

7.3.1 Functions
The NetNumen U31 system is an Element Management System (EMS). Users can
access the NetNumen U31 server through a NetNumen U31 client to accomplish the
uniied management of all Network Elements (NEs) in the network.
The NetNumen U31 system provides NE-level management functions. It also supports
the function of connecting upper-layer network management systems.
The NetNumen U31 system provides the following NE-level management functions:
l Alarm management
l Coniguration management
l Performance management
l Security management
l Topology Management
7.3.2 Networking
l Local networking mode
In the local networking mode, the NetNumen U31 server, clients, and IDUs are all
located in the same LAN, and are connected with each other through Ethernet. Figure
7-2 shows the networking mode.
7-2

Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance
Figure 7-2 Local Networking Diagram
l Remote networking mode

In the remote networking mode, clients, NEs, or both clients and NEs are located
remotely. Figure 7-3 shows an example of the remote networking mode when clients
are located remotely.
7-3

Figure 7-3 Remote Networking Diagram
l Hybrid networking mode

The hybrid networking mode is a combination of the local networking mode and the
remote networking mode, see Figure 7-4.
7-4

Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance
Figure 7-4 Hybrid Network Diagram
7-5

7-6

Chapter 8
Technical Indexes
Table of Contents
System Indexes..........................................................................................................8-1
Radio Frequency ........................................................................................................8-2
System Capacity ........................................................................................................8-2
Power.........................................................................................................................8-5
Physical Indexes ......................................................................................................8-12
Reliability..................................................................................................................8-14
8.1 System Indexes

Index Speciication
Frequency stability ±5 ppm (guaranteed value)
Protection switchover time Ethernet ring network (ERPS G.8032): 50 ms

E1 SNCP: 50 ms
SDH SNCP: 50 ms
1+1: 300 ms
RSTP: 1 s-2 s
STP: 50 s
Upper limit of receive level -20 dBm (no error bit)
RSSI -20 dBm to -90 dBm
Modulation Mode QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM
Operating environment IDU: -20 ℃ to +55 ℃

temperature ODU: -33 ℃ to +55 ℃
IDU: < 95% (35 ℃)

Operating environment humidity
ODU: < 100%
Transportation and storage ODU and IDU: -40 ℃ to +70 ℃

environment temperature
8-1

8.2 Radio Frequency

8.2.1 Channel Spacing
Frequency Modulation Mode Channel Spacing (MHz)
All frequency bands QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128 7/14/28/40/50/56

QAM/256QAM
8.2.2 ODU Transceiving Spacing

Frequency Frequency Range (GHz) Transceiving Spacing (MHz)
Band
6 GHz 5.8-7.1 252.04, 266, 340
7 GHz 7.11-7.9 154, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz 7.725-8.5 119, 126, 151.614, 154, 208, 266, 294.44, 305.56,
310, 311.32
10 GHz 10.15-10.68 91, 350
11 GHz 10.7-11.7 490, 530
13 GHz 12.75-13.25 266
15 GHz 14.4-15.35 315, 420, 490, 728
18 GHz 17.7-19.7 1010, 1008, 1560
23 GHz 21.2-23.6 1008, 1200, 1232
26 GHz 24.5-26.5 1008
28 GHz 27.5-29.5 1008
32 GHz 31.8-33.4 812
38 GHz 37.0-39.5 1260
8.3 System Capacity

SRU ODU
Modulation Capacity
Bandwidth
Mode Air Interface TDM(Max) Ethernet(Max)
QPSK 10 Mbps 3 E1 9 Mbps～11 Mbps

7 MHz
16QAM 19 Mbps 8 E1 18 Mbps～23 Mbps
8-2

Chapter 8 Technical Indexes
Modulation Capacity
Bandwidth

14 MHz

28 MHz
128QAM 159 Mbps 73 E1/1 STM-1 158 Mbps～201 Mbps
256QAM 180 Mbps 75 E1/1 STM-1+19 E1 179 Mbps～229 Mbps

56 MHz
128QAM 317 Mbps 75 E1/1 STM-1+71 316 Mbps～403 Mbps
E1/2 STM-1

E1/2 STM-1+21 E1
A400 ODU
Modulation Capacity
Bandwidth

7 MHz
8-3

Modulation Capacity
Bandwidth

14 MHz

28 MHz
128QAM 159 Mbps 74 E1/1 STM-1 158 Mbps～201 Mbps

40 MHz

50 MHz
8-4

Modulation Capacity
Bandwidth

56 MHz
E1/2 STM-1

E1/2 STM-1+21 E1
Note:
The Ethernet service throughput is related to the actual modulation/demodulation mode
and channel bandwidth.
8.4 Power
8.4.1 Transmit Power
SRU ODU
Frequency Modulation Mode Max Transmit Power Min Transmit Power

(dBm) (dBm)
7/8 GHz QPSK 28 -2
16QAM 24 -6
32QAM 24
64QAM/128QAM 24/231
256QAM 24/232
1. The transmit power of 7 M/14 M/28 M bandwidth is 24 dBm, and the transmit power of 56 M bandwidth
is 23 dBm.
is 23 dBm.
8-5


(dBm) (dBm)
10 GHz QPSK 26.5/243 2/04
16QAM 22.5/20.55
32QAM 22/19.56
64QAM/128QAM 20.5/187
256QAM 18/168
11 GHz QPSK 28 6
16QAM 25
32QAM 24
64QAM/128QAM 22
256QAM 20
13/15 GHz QPSK 26 -4
16QAM 24 -6
32QAM 24
64QAM/128QAM 23
256QAM 22
18 GHz QPSK 25 -5
16QAM 23 -6
32QAM 23
64QAM/128QAM 22
256QAM 21
3. The transmit power of 350 M frequency spacing is 26.5 dBm, and the transmit power of 91 M fre-
quency spacing is 24 dBm.
4. The transmit power of 350 M frequency spacing is 2dBm, and the transmit power of 91 M frequency
spacing is 0 dBm.
quency spacing is 20.5 dBm.
6. The transmit power of 350 M frequency spacing is 22 dBm, and the transmit power of 91 M frequency
spacing is 19.5 dBm.
quency spacing is 18 dBm.
8. The transmit power of 350 M frequency spacing is 18 dBm, and the transmit power of 91 M frequency
spacing is 16 dBm.
8-6


(dBm) (dBm)
23 GHz QPSK 24 -6
16QAM 22
32QAM 22
64QAM 21
128QAM 21/209
256QAM 20
26 GHz QPSK 25 -5
16QAM 22 -6
32QAM 22
64QAM/128QAM 19
256QAM 17
28 GHz QPSK 25 -5
16QAM 22 -6
32QAM 21
64QAM/128QAM 19
256QAM 17
32 GHz QPSK 23 -3
16QAM 21
32QAM 20
64QAM/128QAM 17
256QAM 15
38 GHz QPSK 23 -6
16QAM 20
32QAM 19
64QAM/128QAM 17
256QAM 15
is 20 dBm.
8-7

A400 ODU

(dBm) (dBm)
6/7/8 GHz QPSK 29 -1
16QAM 26
32QAM 23
64QAM/128QAM 21
256QAM 20
10/11/13 GHz QPSK 25 -5
16QAM 21
32QAM 19
64QAM/128QAM 17
256QAM 16
15 GHz QPSK 23 -7
16QAM 20
32QAM 19
64QAM/128QAM 17
256QAM 16
18/23 GHz QPSK 24 -6
16QAM 20
32QAM 18
64QAM/128QAM 15
256QAM 14
26 GHz QPSK 22 -8
16QAM 18
32QAM 17
64QAM/128QAM 14
256QAM 13
28 GHz QPSK 22 -3
16QAM 18
32QAM 17
64QAM/128QAM 14
256QAM 13
8-8


(dBm) (dBm)
32 GHz QPSK 22 -3
16QAM 17
32QAM 16
64QAM/128QAM 13
256QAM 12
38 GHz QPSK 18 -7
16QAM 14
32QAM 13
64QAM/128QAM 10
256QAM 9
Note:
The guaranteed value of transmit power is within the range from -2.0 dB to +2.0 dB.
8.4.2 Threshold Power

SRU ODU
Threshold Power (dBm)

Modulation
Frequency 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz
Mode
Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth
QPSK -93 -91 -87 -84
16QAM -87 -84 -81 -78
32QAM -84 -81 -78 -75

7/8GHz
64QAM -81 -78 -75 -72
128QAM -78 -75 -72 -69
256QAM -75 -72 -69 -66
8-9


Modulation
Frequency 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 56 MHz
Mode
Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth
QPSK -92 -89 -86 -83
16QAM -86 -83 -80 -77
10/11/13/1 32QAM -83 -80 -77 -74

5GHz 64QAM -80 -77 -74 -71
128QAM -77 -74 -71 -68
256QAM -74 -71 -68 -65
QPSK -91 -88 -85 -82
16QAM -85 -82 -79 -76
32QAM -82 -79 -76 -73

18/23 GHz
64QAM -79 -76 -73 -70
128QAM -76 -73 -70 -67
256QAM -73 -70 -67 -64
QPSK -91 -88 -85 -82
16QAM -85 -82 -79 -76
32QAM -82 -79 -76 -73

26/28 GHz
64QAM -79 -76 -73 -70
128QAM -76 -73 -70 -67
256QAM -73 -70 -67 -64
QPSK -90 -87 -84 -81
16QAM -84 -81 -78 -75
32QAM -81 -78 -75 -72

32/38GHz
64QAM -78 -75 -72 -69
128QAM -75 -72 -69 -66
256QAM -72 -69 -66 -63
Note:
l The guaranteed value of threshold power is +3 dB.
l The Bit Error Rate (BER) is 10-6.
8-10

A400 ODU

Modu-
Fre- 7 MHz 14 MHz 28MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz 56 MHz
lation
quency Band- Band- Band- Band- Band- Band-
Mode
width width width width width width
QPSK -93 -91 -88 -86 -86 -85
16QAM -88 -85.5 -82 -79 -78 -79
6/7/8 32QAM -85 -82 -78.5 -76 -76 -75.5

GHz 64QAM -82 -79 -76 -74 -72 -73
128QAM -79 -76 -72 -70 -69 -70
256QAM -76 -73 -69 -65 -64 -67
QPSK -92.5 -90 -88 -87 -86 -85
16QAM -87 -86 -82 -80 -79 -79
10/11/13 32QAM -84 -83 -78.5 -77 -75 -76

/15GHz 64QAM -81 -80 -75.5 -74 -73 -73
128QAM -78 -77 -72 -71 -70 -70
256QAM -75.5 -73.5 -69 -68 -67 -67
QPSK -91 -88.5 -85 -82 -82 -82.5
16QAM -85.5 -82.5 -79 -76 -75 -76.5
18/23 32QAM -82 -79.5 -76 -73 -74 -73

GHz 64QAM -80 -76.5 -74 -71 -70 -70
128QAM -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67 -66 -67
256QAM -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -62 -62 -64
QPSK -91 -88 -85 -82 -82 -82
16QAM -85 -82 -79 -77 -77 -76
26/28 32QAM -82 -79 -76 -73 -74 -73

GHz 64QAM -80 -76 -74 -70 -70 -70
128QAM -76 -73 -70 -68 -67 -67
256QAM -73 -70 -67 -64 -64 -64
8-11


Modu-
Fre- 7 MHz 14 MHz 28MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz 56 MHz
lation
quency Band- Band- Band- Band- Band- Band-
Mode
width width width width width width
QPSK -90.5 -88 -86 -84 -82 -82
16QAM -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -76 -76 -76
32/38 32QAM -81.5 -79 -75.5 -73 -74 -73

GHz 64QAM -79.5 -77 -72.5 -71 -72 -69
128QAM -76.5 -73 -70.5 -70 -69 -66.5
256QAM -73.5 -70 -66.5 -65 -66 -64
Note:
l The guaranteed value of threshold power is within the range from -2.0 dB to +2.0 dB.
l The Bit Error Rate (BER) is 10-6.
8.5 Physical Indexes

8.5.1 Dimensions
Index IDU (mm) SRU ODU (mm) A400 ODU (mm)
Dimen- 482.6 × 90 × 199 (W 261.7 × 87 × 245.5 6-11 GHz 13-38 GHz

sions × H × D) (W × H × D)
360 × 360 × 129 (W 239 × 247 × 75 (W
× H × D) × H × D)
8.5.2 Weight
Index IDU SRU ODU A400 ODU
Weight 7.0 kg (six directions) 4 kg 6-11 GHz 13-38 GHz
3.5 kg 3 kg
8.5.3 Power Supply

Index Input Voltage Voltage Range
Power supply -48 V DC -40 V DC to -60 V DC
8-12

8.5.4 Power Consumption
Note:
The power consumption indexes are speciied for cases when the operating temperature
is 25 ℃.
Item Power Consumption Description
RCUB 21.5 W
RMUC 23 W
RMUD 21 W
RTUA 8.2 W
The power consumption values of these boards
RTUB 11.7 W
are given in the case of the throughputs of such
RTUC 11.3 W
boards reaching the maximum.
RTUNO 13.2 W
RTUNE 15 W
RTUHO 12 W
RTUHE 14 W
PM 0.075×(RCU+RMU+RTU+RFA) The power is 20 W in the case of full load.
RPUA 6.0 W -
RFAB Slow speed: 6.8 W -

Middle speed: 10.1 W
Fast speed: 17.7 W
Full speed: 31.3 W
A400 ODU 29 W (6-8 GHz) The ODU power consumption value is given
19 W (10-38 GHz) in the case of the ODU transmission power
reaching the maximum.
SRU ODU 29 W (28/32 GHz) The ODU power consumption value is given
28 W (7/8/13/15 GHz) in the case of the ODU transmission power
27 W (23/38 GHz) reaching the maximum.
30 W (10/11/18/26 GHz)
8-13

8.6 Reliability
8.6.1 Security
l IDUs comply with the IEC 60950 standard.
l ODUs comply with the IEC 60950 standard.
8.6.2 Fault Tolerance

l Residual BER: < 10-12 (RSL = -30 dBm ~-59 dBm)
l Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): > 200,000 hours
l MTTR:≤1 hour
8.6.3 EMC
l IDUs comply with standards:
à EN 301 489-4
à IEC 610000
à EN 55022/CISPR22
l ODUs comply with standards:
à EN 301 489-4
à IEC 610000
à EN 55022/CISPR22
8.6.4 Operations
l The operations on IDUs comply with the ETSI 300 019-1-3 standard.
l The operations on ODUs comply with the ETSI 300 019-2-2 standard.
8.6.5 Storage
l The storage of IDUs complies with the ETSI 300 019-1-3 standard.
l The storage of ODUs complies with the ETSI 300 019-2-2 standard.
8.6.6 Protection Class

l The protection class of IDUs is IP20.
l The protection class of ODUs is IP65.
8-14

Figures
Figure 1-1 Product Composition................................................................................ 1-1
Figure 1-2 IDU .......................................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 2-1 System Logical Architecture..................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2 IDU Hardware Architecture ...................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-3 SRU ODU ................................................................................................ 2-4
Figure 2-4 A400 ODU (6 GHz–11 GHz) .................................................................... 2-5
Figure 2-5 A400 ODU (13GHz–38 GHz) ................................................................... 2-6
Figure 2-6 Software Architecture............................................................................... 2-7
Figure 3-1 TDM Service Flow ................................................................................... 3-1
Figure 3-2 Ethernet Service Flow.............................................................................. 3-4
Figure 3-3 Control Signal Flow of NR8250 ................................................................ 3-6
Figure 4-1 Clock Signal Transferring Diagram........................................................... 4-3
Figure 4-2 NR8250 Power Distribution...................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3 Security Management Signal Flow ........................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-4 Alarm Management Mechanism............................................................... 4-6
Figure 5-1 1+0 No-Protection Coniguration Illustration ............................................. 5-2
Figure 5-2 1+0 No-Protection System Block Diagram ............................................... 5-2
Figure 5-3 Slot Allocation for RMUs in 1+1 HSB Coniguration Mode........................ 5-3
Figure 5-4 1+1 HSB Coniguration Illustration ........................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-5 1+1 HSB System Block Diagram.............................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-6 1+1 SD Coniguration Illustration.............................................................. 5-5
Figure 5-7 1+1 SD System Block Diagram ................................................................ 5-5
Figure 5-8 1+1 FD Coniguration Illustration.............................................................. 5-6
Figure 5-9 1+1 FD System Block Diagram ................................................................ 5-7
Figure 5-10 2+0 XPIC No-Protection Coniguration Illustration .................................. 5-8
Figure 5-11 2+0 XPIC No-Protection System Block Diagram..................................... 5-8
Figure 5-12 2+2 XPIC HSB Coniguration Illustration ................................................ 5-9
Figure 5-13 2+2 XPIC HSB System Block Diagram ................................................ 5-10
Figure 5-14 2+2 XPIC SD Coniguration Illustration ................................................ 5-11
Figure 5-15 2+2 XPIC SD System Block Diagram................................................... 5-12
Figure 6-1 NR8250 Networking Diagram................................................................... 6-1
Figure 6-2 Mobile Backhaul Aggregation Node ......................................................... 6-2

Figure 6-3 Mobile Backhaul Ring Network ................................................................ 6-2

Figure 6-4 Point-to-Point Network ............................................................................. 6-3
Figure 6-5 Chain Network ......................................................................................... 6-3
Figure 6-6 Tree Network ........................................................................................... 6-3
Figure 6-7 Ring Network ........................................................................................... 6-4
Figure 7-1 Local Networking Diagram ....................................................................... 7-2
Figure 7-2 Local Networking Diagram ....................................................................... 7-3
Figure 7-3 Remote Networking Diagram ................................................................... 7-4
Figure 7-4 Hybrid Network Diagram .......................................................................... 7-5
II

Tables
Table 1-1 ODU.......................................................................................................... 1-3
Table 1-2 Functions of the NR8250 ........................................................................... 1-3
Table 2-1 Relationship Between Boards and Corresponding Slots ............................ 2-3
Table 4-1 Input/Output Clock Sources Supported by NR8250 ................................... 4-1
III

Tables
IV

Glossary
ACM
- Adaptive Coding and Modulation
API
- Application Programming Interface
ATPC
- Automatic Transmit Power Control
BER
- Bit Error Rate
BSP
- Board Support Package
CFM
- Connectivity Fault Management
CMM
- Capability Maturity Model
DBS
- DataBase System
DSCP
- Differentiated Services Code Point
EFM
- Ethernet in the First Mile
EMC
- Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMS
- Element Management System
ERPS
- Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
FD
- Full Duplex
HSB
- Hot Standby
IDU
- Indoor Unit
IF
- intermediate Frequency

LACP
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG
- Link Aggregation Group
LLDP
- Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LMT
- Local Maintenance Terminal
MAC
- Medium Access Control
MIB
- Management Information Base
MTBF
- Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR
- Mean Time To Recovery
MUX
- Multiplexer
NE
- Network Element
NMS
- Network Management System
O&M
- Operation & Maintenance
OAM
- Operation, Administration and Maintenance
ODU
- Outdoor Unit
OS
- Operating System
OSPF
- Open Shortest Path First
PC
- Personal Computer
PDH
- Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PM
- Power Module
VI

Glossary
PTP
- Point-To-Point
QoS
- Quality of Service
RCU
- Radio Core Cross-connect Unit
RF
- Radio Frequency
RFA
- Radio Fan Asset
RMU
- Radio Modulation Unit
RTU
- Radio Trafic Unit
SD
- Space Diversity
SDH
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDR
- Software Deined Radio
SNCP
- Sub-Network Connection Protection
SNMP
- Simple Network Management Protocol
SP
- Strict Priority
SRU
- Split Radio Unit
TDM
- Time Division Multiplexing
VLAN
- Virtual Local Area Network
WDRR
- Weighted Deicit Round Robin
WRR
- Weighted Round Robin
XPIC
- Cross Polarization Interference Canceller
VII

ZTE Microwave Descriptions

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ZTE Microwave Descriptions

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ZXMW NR8250

Digital Microwave Transmission System

Revision No. Revision Date Revision Reason

R1.2 2013–01–30 Information about RSU ODUs is added.

R1.1 2013–01–05 The section “8.4.1 Transmit Power” is updated.

R1.0 2012–07–30 First edition

Serial Number: SJ-20120611092528-002

Publishing Date: 2013–01–30 (R1.2)

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Chapter 2 System Architecture ................................................................. 2-1

Chapter 3 Signal Flows .............................................................................. 3-1

Chapter 4 System Principles ..................................................................... 4-1

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Chapter 5 Radio Protection Conigurations............................................. 5-1

Chapter 6 Networking Modes .................................................................... 6-1

Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance..................................................... 7-1

Chapter 8 Technical Indexes ..................................................................... 8-1

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

What Is in This Manual

1, Overview Describes the system composition, external view, and

2, System Architecture Describes the logical architecture, hardware architecture,

4, System Principles Describes the clock principle, power supply principle,

5, Radio Protection Conigurations Describes various hardware compositions and operating

6, Networking Modes Describes various networking modes of the ZXMW

8, Technical Indexes Describes technical indexes of the ZXMW NR8250.

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

| Separates individual parameters in a series of parameters.

Danger: indicates an imminently hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

Warning: indicates a potentially hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

Caution: indicates a potentially hazardous situation. Failure to comply can result

Note: provides additional information about a certain topic.

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

1.1 Product Composition

Figure 1-1 Product Composition

l Indoor Unit (IDU)

l Outdoor Unit (ODU)

An ODU is connected to the IDU through IF cables. It implements functions including

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

1.2 Product External View

Figure 1-2 IDU

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Table 1-1 ODU

Style external view

A400 6 GHz~11 GHz

1.3 Product Functions

Table 1-2 Functions of the NR8250

Service Type Function Description

Native represents the advanced native transmission

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Service Type Function Description

l Reduces the transmission delay and increases the

The NR8250 can function as a convergence node and

ACM is a technology that can automatically adjust the

Automatic This function reduces the transmitter's interference on

The NR8250 can transmit two channels of different signals

With this function, the contents that are unchanged but

l The NR8250 supports Ethernet load balance and XPIC

SJ-20120611092528-002|2013–01–30 (R1.2) ZTE Proprietary and Conidential

Service Type Function Description

determine the transmission channel for each service

The NR8250 supports TDM service cross connections,