Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4  Bab 5 Janjang 

PRAKTIS SPM 5
Kertas 1 3. Diberi bahawa sebutan ketiga bagi suatu janjang
geometri melebihi sebutan kedua sebanyak 30a.
1. Hasil tambah m sebutan pertama bagi suatu Cari nilai-nilai nisbah sepunya, r, dengan keadaan
k + 2 (a + 13), dengan a ialah sebutan pertama bagi janjang itu.
2019 janjang aritmetik ialah Sm =
2 Given that the third term of a geometric progression
keadaan k ialah pemalar, a ialah sebutan pertama exceeds the second term by 30a. Find the values
dan 13 ialah sebutan terakhir. of common ratio, r, where a is the first term of the
The sum of the first m terms of an arithmetic progression progression.
is Sm = k + 2 (a + 13), such that k is a constant, a is the T2 = ar , T3 = ar2
2
first term and 13 is the last term. T3 − T2 = ar2 − ar = 30a
(b) Ungkapkan k dalam sebutan m. r2 − r = 30
Express k in terms of m. r2 − r − 30 = 0
(b) Nyatakan julat nilai k. (r − 6)(r + 5) = 0
State the range of values of k. \  r = 6 , −5

(a) Sn = n (a + l)

5
2
4. Diberi bahawa 2m, 4 dan 6n ialah tiga sebutan
Sm = + 2 (a + 13)
k
pertama bagi suatu janjang geometri. Ungkapkan
2 2018
dalam sebutan n,

BAB
\  m = k + 2
   k = m – 2 It is given that 2m, 4 and 6n are the first three terms of a
geometric progression. Express in terms of n,
(b) n > 0 (a) sebutan pertama dan nisbah sepunya janjang
k + 2 > 0 itu,
k > –2 the first term and the common ratio of the progression,
(b) hasil tambah sebutan hingga ketakterhinggaan
2. Diberi bahawa hasil tambah n sebutan pertama janjang itu.
the sum to infinity of the progression.
2017
bagi suatu janjang aritmetik ialah Sn = n (18 – 8n).
2
Cari sebutan ke-n. (a) 4 = 6n
Given that the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic 2m 4
progression is Sn = n (18 – 8n). Find the nth term. 16
2 2m =  → a= 8
6n 3n
a = T1 = S1 = 1  [18 – 8(1)] m = 4
2 3n
a = 5 4  = 3n
r = 4 =
S2 = 2 [18 – 8(2)] 2 4

2
2m
1 2
3n
2
= 2
(b) S∞ = a
T2 = S2 – S1 1–r
= 2 – 5 8
= –3 = 3n
d = T2 – T1 1 – 3n
1 2
2
= –3 – 5
= 8 × 2
= –8
3n 2 – 3n
Tn = 5 + (n – 1)(–8) 16
=
= 5 + 8 – 8n 6n – 9n2
Tn = 13 – 8n

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4  Bab 5 Janjang

5. Sebutan keempat bagi suatu janjang aritmetik 6, 15, 24, …

2019
ialah 18 dan sebutan kelima ialah 26. a = 6
The fourth term of an arithmetic progression is 18 and the d = 15 – 6 = 9
fifth term is 26.
Sn = n [2(6) + (n – 1)(9)] = 666
(a) Nyatakan beza sepunya bagi janjang itu. 2
State the common difference of the progression. n[12 – 9 + 9n] = 1 332
(b) Hitung hasil tambah 28 sebutan pertama 9n2 + 3n – 1 332 = 0
janjang itu. 3n2 + n – 444 = 0
Calculate the sum of the first 28 terms of the (3n + 37)(n – 12) = 0
progression.
n = – 37  (tidak diterima) atau n = 12
3 (not accepted) or
(a) d = T5 – T4
= 26−18 \ n = 12
= 8 12 segi tiga sama sisi boleh dibentuk.
12 equilateral triangles can be formed.
(b) T4 = 18
a + 3d = 18 7. Ahmad mempunyai RM60. Dia mula menyimpan
a + 3(8) = 18 2016
RM5 setiap hari. Kumar mempunyai RM48 dan dia
a = 18 – 24 mula menyimpan RM7 setiap hari. Selepas berapa
= –6 harikah jumlah simpanan mereka adalah sama?
Ahmad has RM60. He starts to save RM5 each day.
5

Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] Kumar has RM48 and he starts to save RM7 every day.
2 After how many days their savings are the same?
S28 = 28 [2(–6) + (28 – 1)(8)] Ahmad: a = 60, d = 5
BAB

2
= 14(–12 + 216) Tn = 60 + (n – 1)5
= 2856 = 5n + 55 …… 1
Kumar: a = 48, d = 7
Tn = 48 + (n – 1)7
= 7n + 41 …… 2
1 = 2 : 5n + 55 = 7n + 41
6. Seutas dawai dengan panjang 6.66 m dipotong 14 = 2n
n = 7
2015 kepada beberapa bahagian. Setiap bahagian akan \  Jumlah simpanan mereka sama selepas 7 hari.
membentuk satu segi tiga sama sisi. Rajah 5.1
  Their total savings are the same after 7 days.
menunjukkan tiga buah segi tiga sama sisi yang
pertama yang telah dibentuk.
A wire with the length of 6.66 m is cut into several pieces.
8. Bryan mengambil masa 1 minit untuk berbasikal
Each piece is to form an equilateral triangle. Diagram 5.1
shows the first three triangles formed. 2016
sejauh 900 m yang pertama. Dia tidak dapat
mengekalkan staminanya, maka bagi setiap 900  m
yang berikutnya, dia mengambil 1 lebih masa
8 cm 8 cm 10
5 cm 5 cm berbanding dengan masa yang diambil untuk
2 cm 2 cm 900 m yang sebelumnya. Dia merancang untuk
2 cm 5 cm 8 cm berbasikal sejauh 18 km dalam 30 minit. Adakah
dia mampu melakukannya? Tunjukkan pengiraan
Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1 untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
Berapa buah segi tiga sama sisi yang boleh Bryan took 1 minute to cycle the first 900 m. He could
not sustain his stamina thus for each subsequent 900 m,
dibentuk?
he took 1 more time as compared to the time he took
How many equilateral triangles can be formed? 10
for the previous 900 m. He planned to cycle a distance
of 18 km in 30 minutes. Could he achieve it? Show your
calculation to support your answer.

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4  Bab 5 Janjang 

n = 18 km 10.
900 m  2014
= 18 000 m 18°
900 m  22°
26°
= 20
k°
Masa yang diambil, dalam s, O
The time taken, in s,

60, 60 + 1 (60), 60 + 1 (60) + 1 [60 + 1 (60)], …

10 10 10 10
60, 66, 72.6, …
Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah bulatan
a = 60, r = 1.1, n = 20 dengan pusat O dibahagi kepada 10 sektor. Sudut
sektor-sektor itu membentuk suatu janjang
S20 = 60(1.1 – 1)
­20

1.1 – 1 dengan sebutan pertama 18°. Nyatakan

= 3 436.5 saat / seconds The diagram above shows a circle with centre O which
is divided into 10 sectors. The angles of the sectors form a
= 57.27 minit / minutes progression with the first term of 18°. State
= 57 minit / minutes 16.5 saat / seconds (a) sama ada janjang itu ialah suatu janjang
Bryan tidak mampu melakukannya sebab dia aritmetik atau janjang geometri,
whether the progression is an arithmetic progression

5
mengambil masa lebih daripada 30 minit untuk or a geometric progression,
berbasikal sejauh 18 km. (b) nilai k,
Bryan could not achieve because he took more than 30 the value of k,
minutes to cycle 18 km.

BAB
(c) hasil tambah semua sebutan dalam janjang itu.
the sum of all terms in the progression.

(a) 18, 22, 26, k, …

9. Tiga sebutan berturutan suatu janjang geometri Janjang itu ialah janjang aritmetik dengan
2019 ialah 64, p dan q. Hasil tambah ketiga-tiga sebutan The progression is an arithmetic progression with
itu ialah 52. Cari nilai-nilai yang mungkin bagi p a = 18, d = 22 – 18 = 4
dan bagi q.
Three consecutive terms of a geometric progression are
(b) T4 = a + 3d 
64, p and q. The sum of these three terms is 52. Find the   k = 18 + 3(4)
possible values of p and q. ∴ k = 30

64, p, q, … (c) S10 = 10  [2(18) + 9(4)] = 360 atau

p q 2
=
64 p S10 = 360 (Sudut bagi putaran lengkap suatu
p2 = 64q …… 1 bulatan ialah 360°.)
64 + p + q = 52 (The angle of the complete cycle of a circle is 360°)
q = –p – 12 …… 2
2 → 1: p2 = 64(–p – 12) 11. Esther baru sahaja menamatkan pengajian sarjana
p2 = –64p – 768 muda dan mendapat tawaran kerja daripada
2014
p + 64p + 768 = 0
2
2 buah syarikat. Syarikat A menawarkan gaji
(p + 48)(p + 16) = 0 permulaan RM40 000 setahun dengan kenaikan
tahunan sebanyak 6% daripada gaji pokok.
 p = –48 p = –16 Syarikat B menawarkan gaji permulaan RM36 000
  q = –(–48) – 12 q = –(–16) – 12 setahun dengan kenaikan tahunan 10% daripada
= 36 = 4 gaji pokok. Esther bercadang untuk memilih
syarikat yang menawarkan jumlah pendapatan
\  64, −48, 36, … atau / or 64, −16, 4, …
yang paling tinggi dan menabung sebanyak 25%
daripada gajinya untuk melanjutkan pelajaran
selepas bekerja selama 7 tahun.

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4  Bab 5 Janjang

Syarikat manakah yang patut Esther pilih? Kertas 2

Berapakah jumlah tabungan untuk melanjutkan
pelajarannya?
[Bundarkan jawapan anda kepada RM terhampir]
Esther has just completed her studies in bachelor degree
and is offered a job in 2 companies. Company A offered
her an initial salary of RM40  000 per annum with 6%
yearly increment from the basic salary. Company B
offered an initial salary of RM36 000 per annum with 10%
yearly increment from the basic salary. Esther decided to
choose the company which offered higher income and
save 25% of her salary for further studies after working
for 7 years.
Which company should Esther choose? How much total
savings she kept for her studies?
[Round off your answer to the nearest RM]
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan kuboid-
kuboid yang mempunyai luas tapak yang sama,
16 cm2. Diberi tinggi kuboid yang pertama ialah
40 cm dan tinggi setiap kuboid yang berikutnya
berkurangan sebanyak 2 cm.
[Isi padu kuboid = luas tapak × tinggi]
The diagram below shows the arrangement of cuboids
with same area of base, 16 cm2. Given that the height
of the first cuboid is 40 cm and the height of each
subsequent cuboid decreases by 2 cm.
[Volume of cuboid = area of base × height]

Syarikat A: a = 40 000, r = 1.06 40 cm 38 cm 36 cm 34 cm

S7 = 40 000(1.06 – 1)
7

1.06 – 1
≈ RM335 754
16 cm2
5

Syarikat B: a = 36 000, r = 1.1 (a) Hitung isi padu, dalam cm3, kuboid yang ke-9.
Calculate the volume, in cm3, of the 9th cuboid.
S7 = 36 000(1.1 – 1)
7

1.1 – 1 (b) Diberi bahawa jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid

BAB

yang pertama ialah 5 280 cm3. Cari nilai n.

≈ RM341 538 It is given that the total volume of the first n cuboids
\ Syarikat B dipilih / Company B is chosen. is 5 280 cm3. Find the value of n.
Tinggi kuboid membentuk janjang aritmetik:
Jumlah tabungan = RM341 538 × 25% The height of cuboid forms an arithmetic progression:
Total savings ≈ RM85 385 40, 38, 36, 34, …, dengan a = 40, d = −2
(a) Tinggi kuboid ke-9, T9 = 40 + 8(−2)
Height of 9th cuboid = 24 cm
12. Diameter batang sepohon pokok bertambah 4% Isi padu kuboid ke-9 = 16 × 24
KBAT setiap tahun. Diberi bahawa diameter batang Volume of the 9th cuboid = 384 cm3
BUKAN pokok itu pada awalnya ialah t cm. Selepas n
RUTIN (b) Jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang pertama
tahun, diameter batang pokok itu melebihi dua
Total volume of the first n cuboids
kali ganda daripada diameter awalnya. Cari nilai = (16 × 40)+ (16 × 38)+ (16 × 36)+ … + (16 × Tn)
minimum bagi n. = 16 (40 + 38 + 36 + … + Tn)
The diameter of the stem of a tree increases 4% every
= 16 (Sn)
year. Given that the initial diameter of the stem is t cm.
After n years, the diameter of the stem is more than two = 16 n (2(40) + (n – 1)(–2))
3 4
2
times of its initial diameter. Find the minimum value
= 16(41n – n2)
of n.
Diberi jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang pertama
a = t, r = 104% = 1.04 Given the total volume of the first n cuboids
Tn . 2a, = 5 280 cm3
16(41n – n2) = 5 280
t(1.04) . 2t
n–1
41n – n2 = 330
(1.04)n – 1 . 2 n2 – 41n + 330 = 0
log10 (1.04)n – 1 . log10 2 (n – 11)(n – 30) = 0
n = 11, 30
(n – 1) log10 1.04 . log10 2
\ Ketinggian tidak boleh dalam negatif, maka
n . 18.67 The height cannot be negative, so
Praktis
\ Nilai minimum / Minimum value, n = 19 n ≠ 30 kerana T30 , 0. SPM
Jadi, n = 11. Ekstra

104