Advance 1

SECOND CONDITIONAL III. Make the SECOND conditional.

Simple Past + Modal + verb 1) If I _______
where (to be) you, I _______
would_______
get (to get) a new job.
2) If he _______
where (to be) younger, he _______
would _______
travel (to travel) more.
If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot. 3) If wewherent
_______ (not/ to be) friends, I _______
would _______
be (to be) angry with you.
4) If I _______
had (to have) enough money, I _______ would_______
buy (to buy) a big house.
If I were you, I would study. 5) If she wherent
_______ (not/ to be) always so late, she_______
Uses: Hypotetical or unlikely situations .
would _______
be (to be) promoted.

__________ gene in the human genome were more completely understood, many human diseases can be
cured or prevented.
A) Each C) If each
B) Since each D) Were each

During vs While I. Choose WHILE or DURING to complete the sentences.

During is a preposition and it's always followed
by a noun.
While is a linking word and it's always followed
by a clause.
She usually watches TV during lunch.
She usually watches TV while she's having lunch.
1. The accident happened _______ I was out.
2. The accident happened _______ my holidays.
3. It was raining _______ the whole night.
4. We were sleeping in our tents _______ it was raining.
5. She was surfing the internet _______ her friend was driving.
6. She was surfing the internet _______ the break.
7. Ian entered the room _______ I was doing my homework.
8. _______ the summer he worked as a lifeguard.
9. _______ they were watching a video, the phone rang.
10. I can't use my phone _______ the lessons.

_______ his life, Eugene O'Neill was regarded as the James Dickey´s first poem was published during he was still a
foremost American dramatist. A B C
(A) It was the time of (C) During senior in college.
(B) While (D) By the time of D

Irregular plurals

are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as.

II. Choose the correct form of PLURALIZATION .
Nouns ending in –o POTATO POTATOES 1. a potato _______ 6. a roof _______
ending in -f and –fe KNIFE KNIVES 2. a brush _______ 7. a leaf _______
Nouns that change vowels FOOT FEET MAN MEN 3. a zoo _______ 8. a mouse ______
Irregular nouns that change substantially MOUSE MICE 4. a box _______ 9. a child _______
Irregular nouns that do not change SHEEP 5. a woman _______ 10. a foot _______
Plurals of Latin and Greek words RADIUS RADII
ending in -is AXIS AXES

Early in United States history, the rights of woman were championed

The codfish lays million of eggs each year, only a small
A B
A B C
in Wyoming, the state where they were first guaranteed the
percentage of which actually hatch.
C D
D
right to vote.

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 Advance 2
Conjunctions

After even though and although, we use a subject and a verb.

I liked the course, although I wanted more grammar practice.

The Koala didn't get the job, even though it had all the necessary qualifications.

After in spite of and despite, we use (a noun, gerund -ing form of a verb) or a pronoun.

In spite of the pain, he completed the marathon.

Despite having a headache, I had a great birthday.
They never made money, in spite of their success.

Franchising offers many advantages to small business owners _______ problematic.

(A) however it is (C) despite its
(B) even though it is (D) it is

Indiana University, one of the largest in the nation, is located The world´s rain forests are being cut down at the rate on
_______ town. A B C
(A) a small midwestern (C) small midwestern 3,000 acres per hour.
(B) in a small midwestern (D) in small midwestern D

What that than We use NO directly before nouns:

What? – Qué?
I’ve got no time to waste.
Para preguntar o pronombre*
Wh – aux – Sub – Verb? There are no monkeys jumping on the bed.
Wh – sub – aux – verb.
We use NOT with any other phrase or clause:
That – que Not suitable for children under 15.
Para explicar
NONE means ‘not one’ or ‘not any’. We use it as a pronoun to replace
Than – que nouns.
Para comparar My mother had two brothers. My father had none.

The foreign policies, __________ the hoover administration

Malaria, which can be fatal if left untreated, is transmitted by
undertook in 1929, were marked by good will and peaceful
the female, ___________by the male mosquito.
purpose.
A) Not B) However
A) That B) where
C) Despite D) Instead
C) on which D) of

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 Advance 2

I. Choose Even though or In spite of to complete the sentences.

1. _____ they had known each other for two months, they got engaged.
2. She passed her driving test, _____ she made a lot of mistakes.
3. _____ the fact that I'm allergic to dogs, my parents are getting a puppy.
4. _____ I love pies and cakes, I try not to eat them during the week.
5. I'm a terrible singer, _____ having two parents who are good musicians.
6. I will move to Australia if I get the job, _____ the distance is too much.
7. We bought the house, _____ we didn't really have enough money.
8. _____ my careful planning, we ended up staying in a really bad hotel.
9. My partner snores really loudly but _____ that I sleep well.
10. You keep making that noise _____ I asked you to stop three times.

II. Choose IN, ON or AT to complete the sentences. III. Choose IN, ON or AT to complete the sentences.
1. They are sitting __________ the table. 1. I hope your holiday _____ August was great fun.
2. I want to spend a year __________ Barcelona. 2. _____ the second day of my holiday we visited Disney World.
3. The milk isn't __________ the fridge. Where is it? 3. I have stayed at home _____
on last Saturday.
4. Is Peter's office __________ the first or the second floor? 4. We stayed there _____
in three weeks.
5. Why are all these clothes __________ the bed? in July.
5. My friend went to Italy _____
6. Please, put the clothes __________ the wardrobe. 6. Pat's uncle left Canada _____
at 1968 and went to Brazil.
7. Are you __________ home? 7. John is getting married _____
in the end of this month.
8. I don't want to see her __________ the party tonight. 8. The accident happened _____ Monday morning.
9. I like the sea, but I prefer swimming __________ a pool. 9. The birds started singing _____
at half past four this morning.
10. Please, call me when you are __________ the bus. 10. We’ll know the result of the exam _____
in three weeks.

V. Choose the correct NO, NOT or NONE for the sentence.

IV. Choose the correct WHAT, THAT or THAN for the sentence.
that 1. You can play here, there is __________
no danger.
1. Here are the papers __________________ you asked for.
that 2. Why are you so wet! It was ______
not raining when I left home.
2. It's better __________________ nothing.
3. I promise I'll give you a hand, but __________
not today.
3. __________________do
What you want? Freedom!
4. I am disappointed, _____
noneof my friends can come to the party.
4. I don't think __________________
that she will come.
5. She is __________
not expected to arrive until tomorrow.
5. Pittsburgh is farther from here ________
than New York. not
6. He went on a trip and then there were _________.
6. He smokes more____________
that what's good for him.
No
7. __________ bicycles are allowed on the grass.
7. Listen carefully to the words ____________
that I am using.
8. I have lost my key and there is __________
no one in the house.
8. I don't want to know ____________
what he said. 9. I have absolutely __________
not idea why Tom is so hungry.
9. __________________
that the teacher said didn't make sense.
10. I can't understand how the burglar managed to enter the
10. Robert doesn't know __________________
that you are here.
house, __________
nont of the windows are broken!

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 Advance 3
Los pronombres relativos son who, Una norma de uso básica es que who,
Who Define
whom, whose, which y that. Las oraciones whom, whose y that se refieren a
de relativo son oraciones subordinadas que personas y animales, mientras que para Whom No define

Expression 1
amplian información sobre un elemento de
la oración principal.
seres inanimados se utilizan which,
whose y that.
Which Cosas

The life of Benjamin Franklin, a practical man _______ many stories have been told, was unusually productive.
(A) of (C) about
(B) about whom (D) of which

TO - FOR

Seguido de “to” tendremos siempre Seguido de “for” tendremos un verbo en

un verbo en su forma base -ing el cual funciona como un sustantivo en
forma de gerundio.
I went there to meet him. I bought this gift for you.

For make its nest, the yellow-headed blackbird weaves small cup and fastens it to reeds above water.
A B C D

‘S or OF?
From
used to show the position of
Use ‘S for human nouns and of for nonhuman nouns.
something in comparison with
Carl’s Jr.
other things, or the point of view of
Carlos’ Restaurant.
someone when considering a
matter or problem:
Use the possessive OF for inanimate nouns
From the restaurant there is a
The foot of the bed.
beautiful view of the ocean.
si hay dos palabras subrayadas
deben tener coherencia
__________ of the United States grown during a republican admin.
A) Rarely the federal government has Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential
A B C
B) Rarely has the federal government
natural resources before the end of the twentieth century.
C) Has the federal government rarely D
D) The federal government has rarely

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Advance 3
I. Choose the correct relative who, whom, which or whose. II. Choose to or for to complete the sentences.
1. He bought all the tools _____
whichare required to fix his old car. 1. I stopped _____
for a break.
2. This is the doctor who
_____ helped Sara recover from her illness. 2. I stopped ____
to have a break.
3. This is the girl _____ 3. I was stopped for
____ driving through a red light.
who he fell in love with in Madrid.
4. She was promoted ____ for manage the company.
4. These are the kids _____
whose parents were arrested.
5. She was promoted ____ for her dedication.
5. Give me the plate _____
which on the table.
is to kill him.
6. He tried ____
6. I don't know whom
_____ did it. 7. He was tried ____
for murder and found guilty.
7. The criminals, two of _____
who managed to escape, broke into a 8. It was hard ____
to finish.
bank downtown. 9. He made it ____
for me.
8. The police identified the murderer _____ fingerprints were on 10. She gave it ____
to me when I arrived.
the knife.

III. Choose the correct possessive ‘S / OF to complete the sentences.

1. Maria works at a ... in London.

A) travel agency's B) travel agencies C) travel's agency

2. They have painted "We know it's only rock and roll, but we like it", on ...
A) the garage's door B) the door of the garage C)the door's garage

3. Her parents are Mexican, and when she travels to Mexico she stays on her ...
A) grandparents's farm B) grandparents' farm C) farm of her grandparents

4. ... lives in Lima.

A) The cousin of Maria B) Maria's cousin C) Cousin's Maria

5. Her children love the Rolling Stones. ... are covered in posters of Mick Jagger.
A) Their bedroom's walls B) Their bedrooms's walls C) The walls of their bedroom

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 The great horned owl´s family
It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year, in
January and February, or as late as March in the north, the male calls to the female with a resonant
hoot. The female is larger than the male. She sometimes reaches a body length of twenty-two to
twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male does a strange
courtship dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with an important air.
He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air. Sometimes he returns with an
offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about
as thought keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.
Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to
occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and
bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare
ground. The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the
nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold.
It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell. As the
young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions.
They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and
beetles. Later in the season baby crows are taken. Migration songsters, waterfowl and game birds all
fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly, ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for
their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to
establish hunting ranges of their own.

1. What is the topic of this passage? 6. The phrase “precious charges” in the line 11 refers to:
a) Raising a family of great horned owls a) The eggs
b) Mating rituals of great horned owls b) The nest
c) Nest building of great horned owls c) The hawks and crows
d) Habits of young great horned owls d) Other nesting owls

2. The phrase “a resonant hoot” is closest in meaning to: 7. According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT
a) An instrument a) Other small birds
b) A sound b) Insects
c) A movement c) Small mammals
d) An offering of food d) Nuts and seeds

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great 8. In line 14 the word “they” refers to:
horned owls: a) The wise old men
a) Takes place on the ground b) the adult birds
b) Is an active process c) The young birds
c) Happens in the fall d) The prey
d) Involves the male alone
9. What can be inferred from the passage about the adult parents
4. According to the passage, great horned owls: of the young great horned owls?
a) Are discriminate nest builders a) They are sorry to see their young leave home
b) Need big nests for their numerous eggs b) They are lazy and careless about feeding the small owlets
c) May inhabit a previously used nest c) They probably don’t see their young after November.
d) Build nests on tree limbs d) They don’t eat while they are feeding their young.

5. According to the passage, which of the following is the mother 10. The phrase “weary of” in line 16 is closest in meaning to:
owl’s job? a) Tire of
a) To initiate the courtship ritual b) Become sad about
b) To feed the young c) Support
c) To sit on the nest d) Are attracted to
d) To build the nest

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 Food allergies
Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to
a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for
example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons
sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into
contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the
body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out
if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be
caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis,
headaches, irritability, or depression.
The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds,
chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed
to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milkalso tends to be
protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium
glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour
cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental
and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines
with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.
Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially
colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers,
peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book
Why your Child is Hyperactive. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the
diet is effective.

1. The topic of this passage is… 6. The word "hyperactive" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
a) reactions to foods a) overly active
b) food and nutrition b) unusually low activity
c) infants and allergies c) excited
d) a good diet d) Inquisitive

2. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies 7. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid
to foods is due to… certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant’s
a) the vast number of different foods we eat a) lack of teeth
b) lack of a proper treatment plan b) poor metabolism
c) the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems c) underdeveloped intestinal tract
d) the use of prepared formula to feed babies d) inability to swallow solid foods

3. The word "symptoms" in line 6 is closest in meaning to 8. The word "these" in line 19 refers to
a) indications a) food additives
b) diet b) food colorings
c) diagnosis c) unnutritious foods
d) prescriptions d) foods high in salicylates

4. The phrase "set off" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
a) relieved
b) identified
c) avoided
d) triggered
5. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?
a) They can eat almost anything.
b) They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
c) They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
d) They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
9. Which of the following was a suggested treatment for
migraines in the passage?
a) Eating more ripe bananas
b) Avoiding all Oriental foods
c) Getting plenty of sodium nitrate
d) Using Vitamin B in addition to a good diet
10. According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT
a) verified by researchers as being consistently effective
b) available in book form
c) beneficial for hyperactive children
d) designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives

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 CHARLIE CHAPLIN’S MODERN TIMES
Probably the most famous film commenting on the twentieth-century technology is Modern Times, made in 1936.
Charlie Chaplin was motivated to make the film by a reporter who, while interviewing him, happened to describe the
working conditions in industrial Detroit. Chaplin was told that healthy young farm boys were lured to the city to work
on automotive assembly lines. Within four or five years, these young men’s health was destroyed by the stress of
work in the factories.
The film opens with a shot of a mass of sheep making their way down a crowded ramp. Abruptly, the film shifts to
a scene of factory workers jostling one another on their way to a factory. However, the rather bitter note of criticism
in the implied comparison is not sustained. It is replaced by a gentle note of satire. Chaplin prefers to entertain rather
than lecture.
Scenes of factory interiors account for only about one-third of Modern Times, but they contain some of the most
pointed social commentary as well as the most comic situations. No one who has seen the film can ever forget Chaplin
vainly trying to keep pace with the fast-moving conveyor belt, almost losing his mind in the process. Another popular
scene involves an automatic feeding machine brought to the assembly line so that workers need to interrupt their
labor to eat. The feeding machine malfunctions, hurling food at Chaplin, who is strapped in his position on the
assembly line and cannot escape. This serves to illustrate people’s utter helplessness in the face of machines that are
meant to serve their basic needs.
Clearly, Modern Times has its faults, but it remains the best film treating technology within a social context. It does
not offer a radical social message, but it does accurately reflect the sentiment of many who feel they are victims of an
over-mechanized world.

1. According to the passage, Chaplin got the idea for 7. The word “This” in the third paragraph refers to ______.
Modern Times from ______. A. the situation of young workers in a factory
A. conversation C. fieldworks B. the scene of an assembly line in operation
B. a movie D.a newspaper C. the scene of the malfunction of the feeding machine
D. the malfunction of the twentieth-century technology
2.The young farm boys went to the city because they were ______.
A. attracted by the prospect of a better life 8. According to the author, about two-thirds of Modern Times ______.
B. forced to leave their sheep farm A. is more critical than the rest
C. promised better accommodation B. is rather discouraging
D. driven out of their sheep farm C. was shot outside a factory
D. entertains the audience most
3. The word “abruptly” in line 6 is closest in meaning to—————–
A. suddenly C. predictably 9.The author refers to all of the following notions to describe Modern
B. mysteriously D.finally Time EXCEPT “______”.
A. entertainment
4.The phrase “jostling one another” in the second paragraph is closest in B. satire
meaning to “______”. C. criticism
A. running against each other C. hurrying up together D. revolution
B. pushing one another D. jogging side by side
10.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the
5. According to the passage, the opening scene of the film is passage?
intended ______. A. The working conditions in the car factories of the 1930s
A. to reveal the situation of the factory workers were very stressful
B. to produce a tacit association B. The author does not consider Modern Times as a perfect film
C. to introduce the main characters of the film C. Modern Times depicts the over-mechanized world from
D. to give the setting for the entire plot later a social viewpoint
D. In Modern Times, the factory workers’ basic needs are well met
6.The word “vainly” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “___”.
A. effortlessly C. hopelessly
B. recklessly D. carelessly

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