Proceedings of 2021 IEEE

International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

August 8 - 11, Takamatsu, Japan

Design and Research of a 36000rpm Nitrogen Compressor

Jiangang Zhu, Sheng F eng, Xiaobo Dai, Jian Zhou Lie Yu
School ofMechanical Engineering, Xi 'an Jiaotong University, School ofMechanical Engineering, Xi 'an Jiaotong University,
Xi 'an, Shaanxi Xi 'an, Shaanxi
gang7228783@Stu.xjtu.edu.cn,
/eng-7531@163.com, dai3119301329@Stu.xjtu.edu.cn, yulie@Xjtu.edu.cn
jzhou@Xjtu.edu.cn

Abstract - this paper carried out the design of the 36000rpm TABLE I
nitrogen compressor, and completed the detailed aerodynamic NITROGEN COMPRESSOR DESIGN INPUT
design of the nitrogen compressor, the performance evaluation of Numerical
Parameter Unit Remarks
variable conditions, the three-dimensional modeling of the value
impeller, the static strength check of the impeller structure and Working fluid Nitrogen Ideal gas
Total inlet
the analysis of vibration safety. k 313.15
temperature
Total inlet
MFa 0.4 Absolute pressure
pressure
Index Terms - Compressor, high speed, impeller, finite Outlet static
MFa ?0.6 Absolute pressure
element analysis. pressure
Mass flow kg/s 2.5 No less than
I. INTRODUCTION Allow for proper
Power KW =150
adjustment
As a general-purpose machine, the compressor is widely Rotation direction: from
used in the civil economy of various countries, such as Design speed r/min 36000 impeller inlet to outlet,
metallurgy, chemical industry, pharmaceutical and other clockwise rotation
industries. Compressors have the advantages of large flow, B. One-dimensional Scheme Design
compact structural parts, light mechanical weight, and less According to the overall design input and considering the
maintenance workload [1-8]. Abdul W. Bandarkar presents the realization of product structure, the nitrogen pressurization
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based impeller design of scheme of direct-drive motor two-way compressor is
a residential HVAC centrifugal compressor system driven by prematurely determined. The pressurization ratio of single-way
an axial-flux switched reluctance motor (AF-SRM). [I]. compressor is consistent with the design input, and the flow
Guangyu Wu designes an impeller of centrifugal compressor rate is halved. On this basis, the one-dimensional scheme
of a 65 kW FCS . The performance of initial designed impeller design is carried out. The main structural dimensions of the
was investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The compressor are shown in Table II.
univariate parameters of initial impeller were analyzed. The
TABLE II
simulation results show that the geometric parameters of the ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCUlATION OF STRUCTUAL SIZE
impeller inlet section, blades and outlet section have a great
One-dimensional Final status of
influence on its performance. According to the simulation Parameter Unit
design product delivery
results and theoretical analysis, the impeller was optimal Impeller inlet diameter mm 80 80
c
o designed. [7]. Impeller inlet diameter mm 38 38
"Eo
ro
According to the overall design requirements, this paper Impeller outlet diameter mm 156 157
mm
" carried out the design of the 36000rpm nitrogen compressor, Impeller Outlet Width 5.4 5.4
-c Impeller top clearance mm 0.4 0.4
-c
c
and completed the detailed aerodynamic design of the nitrogen Number of blades individual 8+8 8+8
ro
compressor, the performance evaluation of variable conditions, Diffuser inlet diameter mm 156 157
.!;!
c the three-dimensional modeling of the impeller, the static Diffuser outlet diameter mm 190 191
e Diffuser width mm 5 5
strength check of the impeller structure and the analysis of
"'•
.s:
u
:;;
vibration safety.
Diameter of volute outlet mm 65 68

III. AERODYNAMIC DESIGN SIMULATION

II. ONE-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN
The aerodynamic design simulation mainly completed the
A. Design Input
According to the requirements of the project, the nitrogen detailed design and performance check of the impeller,
diffuser and volute; at the same time, the parameters were fine-
compressor is designed to rotate at 36000 RPM, power at
ro tuned according to the overall needs, and the product
c
o 150KW and mass flow rate at 2.5kg/s. The working medium is
performance in the delivery state was finally determined. This
"E
ro nitrogen, the inlet pressure is 4 atmospheres, the outlet
article only introduces the final state product and performance
s
E
pressure is 6 atmospheres, and the inlet temperature IS
parameters.
w
w
313.15K. The detailed parameters are shown in Table I.
"'
n
N
a
N

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A. Modeling Design Based on Cfturbo
With the default design parameters and design process of
the Cfturbo software, the impeller, diffuser and volute in the
compressor are modeled and combined. Fig.I shows the
Cfturbo design of the nitrogen compressor.
c. Variable Condition Performance
Fig.3 shows the characteristic curve of the compressor
under variable working conditions. The overall characteristic
curve of the compressor is relatively smooth and has good
adaptability to variable working conditions. The compressor
design point is the best efficiency point on the characteristic
line, with the highest efficiency reaching 85.6%. In actual
operation, considering the power output of the motor, except
that the design speed blocking boundary power exceeds the
limit, the compressor under other working conditions can meet
the power limit requirements.

Fig. 1 Cfturbo modeling design

B. Design Point Performance Analysis

As shown in Fig.2, at the stage of detailed product design
and final simulation check, the software system based on
ANSYS is used to carry out the full three-dimensional viscous
flow field simulation. The simulation method has been verified
to be effective by multiple projects. Compressor design point 2.000 2.200 2 .~ 2.600 UOO 3.000 3.200

selection, considering the product integration stage, the impact M a" f1ow (k g/51

(a) Flow-pressure ratio

of leakage after stage, compressor flow and total pressure ratio
increased appropriately, The detailed parameters are shown in I 1
Table III. I 1
. . . . t(f ? '- r r-. -i', I
... ~
1\ \ 1 'II

I
i\ 1 I

['lo.
\

1\

....... _-- --_ -

....
1\
(a) Internal flow line
1.800 2.000 2.200 2.400 2.600 2.800 3.000 3.200

MassFlow (kg /')

(b) Flow-isentropic efficiency

I I I

'I
I

:--r-
--:-.
~
r-!-- -i,
~ 0.60

~-
T ;-.;-. ..... I
--r-+-. ~~ r'.I
I
---- ~ ~
I I
<, ,......~

(b) Surface static pressure distribution ~

Fig. 2 Design point three-dimensional flow field '> .

I I I I
TABLE III
l\'la ss Fl ow (kg /s)
COMPRESSOR DESIGN POINT PERFORMANCE
(c) Flow-outlet static pressure
Numerical
Parameter Unit Remarks
value I ~

Working fluid / Nitrogen Ideal gas I

. 1 ---
:--~

Total inlet temperature k 313.15 / :..---

---
I I
Absolute
Total inlet pressure MPa 0.4
pressure
::
~ 100.00
J- 1 I.-~

;:
Absolute I
Outlet static pressure MPa 0.62
pressure
~ 80. 00

...- --I I
I
Absolute 1- !----7--
Total outlet pressure MPa 0.642 I
pressure
I

I I
Design speed r/min 36000 /
Mass flow kg/s 1.391 / I
Grade isentropic adiabatic l\IassFlow (kgl s)
% 85.6 / (d) Flow-power
efficiency
Power KW 153 Fig. 3 Compressor characteristic curve under variable conditions

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 The performance of the compressor under variable C. Static Strength Analysis ofImpeller
conditions shows that the compressor has a good variable The static strength analysis of the impeller structure
condition capability, and the efficiency characteristics, comprehensively considers the effects of temperature load and
pressure characteristics and power characteristics meet the centrifugal load, ignoring the effect of aerodynamic load. Fig.5
design requirements. shows the temperature distribution at the design point of the
impeller, which is determined according to the results of
IV. CHECK OF STATIC STRENGTH AND VIBRATION SAFETY OF
aerodynamic simulation. Through simulation analysis with
IMPELLER STRUCTURE
finite element software, the highest temperature of 335K
A. Impeller Material appears at the edge ofthe impeller.
The impeller material is aluminum 7050-T745l, and the
IS: Slatic strudu nll
material properties are shown in the tables below. Imported Body Temperature
TABLE IV Time: 1. s
COEFFICIENT OFLINEAR EXPANSION ATDIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Unit: K
Density Melting Solidus Linear expansion 2019/ 6/2 0 19:09
p(kg/m 3) point temperature coefficient a (x 10-6/K)
(0C) (0C) 355 MilX
21.7( -50~20°C) 350.35
2830 488 524 23.5(20~100°C)
345.7
24.4(20~200°C)
34 1.05
25.4(20~300°C)
336A
TABLE V 331.75
TENSILE PROPERTIES ATDIFFERENT TEMPERATURES 327.1
Room 100°C 200 °C 300°C
322A
temperature
317.B
Elastic modulus 6933484 62.9982 57.0868 44.5692 313.15 M in
(GPa)
Yield strength 449.493 425.978 305.418 105.281 IS: Slat ic strudural
(MPa) Imported Body Tempe rature
Tensile strength 517.671 442.789 314.172 107.251 Timer 1. s
Unit: K
(MPa)
2019/6/20 19:09
TABLE VI
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ATDIFFERENT TEMPERATURES 355 MilX
Temperature(°C) 50 100 125 200 350.35
A, W/(m·°C) 134 142 147 176 34 5.7
34 1.05
B. Impeller Structure Design 336A
The preliminary structure design ofthe impeller is used to 331.7 5
check the strength and vibration safety of the impeller. The 327.1
number of blades is 8+8, and the root is rounded R2, As
322 A5
shown in FigA.
317.8
313.15 Min

Fig. 5 Temperature distribution of impeller design point

Fig.6 shows the equivalent stress distribution at the

design points of the impeller, through simulation analysis with
finite element software, the maximum equivalent stress is
l20A3MPa, the yield strength safety margin is sufficient, and
the structure is safe. Fig.7 shows the deformation of the
impeller, through the finite element software for simulation
analysis, the maximum total deformation of 0.24056mm
appears at the edge of the impeller the total deformation and
radial and axial deformation meet the design requirements.

Fig. 4 Three dimensional structure of impeller (root fillet R2)

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 IS: Sbtic Structural IS: stat ic SlnJdul1ll
Equivalent Stres s Total Defo rmation
;Type: Equivalent (von- Mises) Stress
Type : Tot al Defo rmatiofl
Unit: MPa
Unit:mm
irime: l
Time: 1
019/6/ 20 19:11
2019/6[20 19:39
12004] ~x
107.09 0~6 Mu

93.754 0.2159
80A18 0.19124
67.082 0.1 6659
53.745 0.14193
40A09 0.11727
27.013 0.092611
13.137 0.067953
0.400 69 Min 0.043295
0.0186]7 MIn
IS: Sbrtic Slructul1ll ----~~
Equivalent Stre ss
Type: Equiv61ent (vo n-Mise B: Ratic Slructural
Unit:MPll Total Deformation
Time: 1 Ty p e: Total Defcrmeticn
2019/6/2 0 19:12 Unit:mm
Time: 1
120A ] Mn
2019/ 6/2 0 19;38
107 .09
93.754
0.24056 Max
9004 18
0.2159
67.092
53.745 0.19 124
40.409 0.16658
27.013 0.14193
1 3.73 7 0.117 27
0.4006 9 0.092611
0.067953
(a) Blade area 0.D4 3295
O.01 86 31 1.9 1Bge -002
I: Shitic structul'IIl
Equ r.,.6lent Stre ss
y p e : Equiva lent (von-Mise s) St r ess (a) Total deformation
Unit: MPa Slit " ura
Tim e: 1 Dire ttio n61Dt fo rma tio n
2019/6/2 0 19,14 Type: Directional Deform ati
Unit:mm
Coordinale'Syst t m
120 A ] M.x
Time: 1
107.09 2019/6/201 9:.10
93.754
0.1418 Max
80.418
0.12679
67.082 0.11In
53.745 0.0 9676 1
4 0.40 9 0.091749
27.073 0.066737
13.7 37 0.051725
0.036713
OAOO69 Min
0.021701
0.0066892 Min

IS:Stalt structural II: Slatic structural

Equiv61ent Str e ss Directio n61 Oeforrnolltio n
Type: Equivalent (vo n- Mius) 'Str ess Typ t : Dire ctio na l Defo rrnolltion(Z AoOs)
Un it: MP6 Unit:mm
Time: 1 Co or di na te 'System
2019/6/20 19:14 Time : 1
2019/6/20 19)f2
120 A ] Max
107 .09 O.024]S SMn
93.754 . O.o003163 r -_ _~
800418 It
-0.024989 .9232e -002 ~
67.082 ·0.D4966 '~
53.745 -0.07433 1
40 A09 -OA99003
27.073 · 0.12367
13.7 37 -0.14835
0 A006 9 Min · 0.17302
-0.19769 Min
(b) Shaft core hole (b) Radial and axial deformation
Fig. 6 Equivalent stress distribution of impeller design point Fig. 7 Impeller design point deformation

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D. Vibration Safety Analysis ofImpeller
Cany out the vibration safety analysis of the impeller, and
obtain the various frequencies of the impeller under the design
speed condition. Within the design speed range, there is no
dangerous frequency, and the impeller has no vibration safety
risk. The detailed parameters are shown in Table VD.
TABLE VII
THE FIRST THREE IMPELLER M ODES
[7] Guangyu Wu, SichuanXu and Yu Wan. "Design and optim ization of the
impeller on centrifugal compressor in fuel cell vehicle," 2014 ISFMFE -
6th Intern ational Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering,
2014. pp. 1-8.
[8] ~1. Dubey, R. Saxena and S. Sharma. "Control of Solar-Power Based
PMSl\1 Drive for Compressor Unit," 2019 IEEE l st International
Conference on Energy, Systems and Information Processing (lCESIP),
2019. pp. 1-5.

Order Frequency (Hz) Speed(Rlmin)

First order 3645 218700

Second order 3851 231060

Th ird order 45 71 27426 0
Fourth order 5607 336420

V . CoNCLUSION

According to the overall design requirements, the project

carried out the nitrogen compressor design, completed the
detailed aerodynamic design of the nitrogen compressor, the
performance evaluation of the variable conditions, the three-
dimensional modeling of the impeller, the static strength check
of the impeller structure and the vibration safety analysis, and
completed all the requirements of the project. research content.
The design and simulation check results show that the
aerodynamic performance of the compressor meets the design
index requirements, and the static strength and vibration safety
of the impeller structure meet the requirements of safe and
reliable operation. Based on this, the product production and
test work can be planned.
ACKNOWLEDGMEN T

This work is supported by the National Natural Science

Foundation of China (Grant No. 5 1805407), Key Research and
Development Project in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No.
20 17ZDXM-GY-054) and Natural Science Foundation In
Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 20 18J05 148).
REFERENCES
[I ] W. Bandarkar, Y. SOler and J. A. De Abreu-Garcia. "CFD Based Design
of an Impeller for a Novel Integrated Motor-Compressor System." 2019
IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2019. pp.
3820-3814 .
[2] Abdul W. Bandarkar presents the computat ional fluid dynamics (CFD)
based impeller design of a residential HVAC centrifugal compressor
system driven by an axial-flux switchedreluctance motor (AF-SRM).
[3) A. Najafi. A. Najafi and S. Mirzak..u chaki. "Low-power and high-
performan ce 5:2 compressors," 2014 22nd Irani an Conference on
Electrical Engineering (lCEE), 2014. pp. 33-37.
[4] A. Najafi. B. Mazloom-nezhad and A. Najafi. "Low-power and high-
speed 4-2 compressor," 2013 36th Intern ational Convention on
Information and Communication Technology. Electronics and
Microelectronics (MIPRO). 2013, pp. 66-69.
[5] L. Qi, H. Geng, J. Zhang. T. Du. H. Lv and L. Yu. "Design and Research
of a Centrifugal Compressor for Automotive Fuel Cell Systems." 2018
IEEE Intern ational Conference on Mechatronics and Au tomation
OCMA), 20 t 8. pp. t 777-1781.
[6] M Yagi T Kishibe T Shibata et al. "Perform an ce improvem ent of
centrifugal compressor impellers by optimizing blade-loading
distribution],l]" Proceedings of the Asme Turb o Expo 2008 vol. 6 pp.
1639-1648 .

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