Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table of Contents
Introduction
Problem Statement—————————————————————————————Page 3
Scenario——————————————————————————————————Page 3
Initial Solution—————————————————————————————————Page 4
Methods
Initial Brainstorm—————————————————————————————Page 5
Preliminary Research—————————————————————————————Page 6
Secondary Research—————————————————————————————Page 6
Solution
Final Design——————————————————————————————— Page 12
Appendix
Team Contributions———————————————————————————Page 16
Interview Data———————————————————————————————Page 21
Introduction
Problem Statement
Many grocery stores now offer their own shopping and delivery services, making it possible to
shop without ever going inside the store. Our group was tasked to make the physical grocery
store experience more engaging and delightful to the consumer. Our group needed to understand
the needs of a grocery shopper, and use this experience to make a more meaningful experience to
every party in the physical space of a grocery store.
Our core: We want to add more intuitive functionality for users who want a one-stop for all their
groceries when in the physical environment of the store.
Our User Group: Weekly grocery shoppers who need food for their family for the week.
Scenario
Alex is a single mother of three children. Her kids keep her busy, so she seeks enjoyment in
necessary errands, such as shopping, while also wishing for a more convenient way to find the
groceries she and her family needs.
Alex avoids stressful social situations such as asking strangers for help. Because of this, she
doesn’t like to rely on store employees for assistance in finding things. However, her tight
schedule makes it so that she often has no other choice.
4
Initial Design
For this project, we decided to create an app that would lead the user around the store, helping
them find each item they needed. Putting your entire grocery list into the store’s app will give
you a ‘perfect route’ to complete your journey as efficiently as possible, but you have many
options to take ‘side quests’ in the app to get coupons and deals on popular items. This creates
revenue for the grocery store while allowing the user to make their shopping experience tailored
to how long they want and giving them a lower price. Motion sensors in each aisle help the
mapping technology make a better route if the aisles are packed.
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Methods
Initial Brainstorm
To kick off our design process, we brainstormed solutions for our initial problem statement.
Since we were emphasizing efficiency and savings for the user during shopping trips, we decided
to emulate an existing design that gets users to their destinations as fast as possible - Maps apps.
We then brainstormed ways that we could use this design to make shopping at the store more
convenient for users. We realized that calculating the most physically short route would not be
helpful in all situations, especially on days when stores were crowded; directing users into aisles
with lots of people would waste their time, not save it. So we decided to add a feature in which
the store’s security cameras would detect high-traffic aisles and steer the user away from them, if
possible.
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Preliminary Research
To get some perspective on what this type of system would entail, we did some research on
Google Maps and how this app calculates routes. We found that Maps relies on lots of user data
Google maps can predict routes with user data and government data about road infrastructure.
User data predicts traffic patterns. This data can be useful for creating roadmaps for our grocery
store. Text recognition algorithms from cameras make the transfer of text from hand-written
grocery lists very possible.
Secondary Research
The research of users who have used online grocery shopping is contradictory. One study states
that ‘54%’ of user’s reported that they had used online grocery shopping at least once in the year
2021 (Rummo, Roberto, Thorpe, Troxel, Elbel, 2022). While another peer-reviewed study said
that they did not have enough users to even try online grocery shopping (Rogus, Guthrie,
Niculescu, Mancino, 2020). The setting of the latter research group was in New York City with
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients. This research study was
ultimately dropped because of the lack of participants trying online grocery shopping. Reasons
for not using grocery shopping online include that they have expensive additional costs and you
cannot hand-pick each item and their brand. The freshness of the produce was another reason
users were skeptical and did not like or had not tried online grocery shopping.
We also found interesting research about stores themselves. We found that stores try really hard
to keep their customers inside the store for longer, as it translates to a higher spending average
per customer (Byron, 2015).
What does this mean for our design? It means that there’s a large portion of people that don’t use
online shopping and don’t get the perks of doing so, such as increased efficiency. It also means
that it could benefit stores to keep customers physically in the store, since that nets to more
profits. By merging the convenience of online shopping with the engagement of physical
shopping, we could solve a problem for both stores and their customers.
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Interview Data
Interview data (Griffin Overmyer): We interviewed a mother (54F) of three children who are
all above the age of 18. She lives in Indiana. Her occupation is teacher. She has used google
maps, but has not used an online grocery store. During the year 2020, she was tempted to try out
an online grocery store, but she never went through with the idea. She likes the idea of online
grocery services like BlueApron because it has set portions for meals, and she does not have to
think about recipes. The drawback to those companies, in her opinion, is that you only have a
week's worth of meals on hand at any given time.
Interview data (Colton VanOverberghe): We interviewed a mother (49F) of five kids only one
of which is still at home. She lives in Texas, she works as a marketing consultant. She has used
grocery store apps Specific to a store (Stop & Shop, Fresh Thyme, etc.) in the past and uses
google maps daily. She finds the apps to be beneficial in keeping track of items previously
purchased and offering a reorder option. She uses these apps because of their convenience it
offers her on a weekly basis.
Observation Data
Observation data (Garrett Rodgers): I observed a student (19F) going shopping through two
stores, Target and Walmart. She is a sophomore at Purdue, so she is familiar with Target’s layout,
but she has no car, so she is unfamiliar with Walmart’s layout. I gathered insight into how she
navigated the store, as well as observing how long it took her to find the products she was
looking for. She had trouble finding the items she was looking for in both stores.
In follow-up questions, I asked her why she struggled to find the right items in each store. She
said that she had trouble navigating Walmart because she was used to the layout of the one in her
hometown. Getting used to a new layout is difficult. In the case of Target, she said she got
confused because certain categories of items are spread out across numerous aisles. She expected
coffee to be near the soda, but instead it was in a separate aisle, grouped with energy drinks.
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The paper prototype was meant to draft out our initial ideas for the app, laying out how we might
go about giving our users the intended experience. In panel 1, opening the app invites you to
scan a list or enter the groceries you want manually to the app. The app then finds each item’s
location in panel 2. Panel 3 shows how the app creates a path through the store to each item,
checking off groceries once you’ve reached them. The user can also minimize the list to get a
better view of the map, as seen in Panel 4.
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Initial Storyboard
This storyboard illustrates an initial scenario in which a member of our user group, who is
unfamiliar with the store he’s visiting, decides to try out our product.
Our initial design wanted to get the groups through the store as fast as possible with the google
maps route idea, but this did not follow our mantra, ‘Make shopping more than just an errand.’
There was also no reason for stores to adopt this app. Research shows that stores actually want
users to stay in stores for longer, making our bid for shopper efficiency unreasonable on its own
(Byron - The slower you shop, the more you spend). This pushed our group to add the Side
Quests into our app which makes it possible for the users of the app to accept periodical requests
to add a stop to their route to receive a coupon that they can redeem in-store. The user is not
required to take the side quest if they do not want to because of a time restriction or other reason
that requires them to make a short trip to the store. This aligns with our mantra because now
users get to choose if they want to spend more or less time in the store. It’s good for stores
because convincing the user to stay in the store for longer means more money per visit. All in all,
the Side Quests make the interaction between the user and the store more meaningful.
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Solution
Swiftcart is designed to help shoppers move through the store in the most efficient way possible,
while also making shopping a more enjoyable experience and helping users get deals on the
products they like. Swiftcart accesses the store's inventory giving you the ability to browse
through all the items in stock to fill out your ideal grocery list. Or you can scan a written list into
the app to create the virtual list. Our app takes this list and depending on the entrance you select
it will generate the best route for you to take through the store. Swiftcart has the ability to update
in real time and adjust your route based on heavy traffic or hazards such as spills. While on this
route there will be discounts/coupons that pop up for you to claim. If you decide to claim this
reward, the app will automatically reroute you to include that item in your list. This route is
calculated to not only take the user to the side quest item, but also to take them on a path past
other items they might list. The app tracks the price you are spending as you check items off the
list, as well as reporting the savings you received from the discount you claimed. Swiftcart also
keeps track of items you buy on a regular basis and compiles them into a list so they are more
easily found next time you use the app.
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Final Design
This design illustrates how our design might work in the app. Here are the steps our user would
take in the app:
1. The user opens the app, getting a list of all their potential choices.
2. The user selects “scan list,” then is able to take a picture of a written list.
3. SwiftCart locates all the items on the user’s list.
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4. The user’s location is calculated in real time, showing where they are on the map. Their
route is calculated to show where they need to go.
5. A side quest pops up on the screen, allowing the user to choose whether to go to it or not.
6. If the user chooses to take the side quest, the route recalculates to include it.
7. Each item on the list is checked off as the user gets them.
8. Once the user has picked up everything on the list, they can check out.
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Final Storyboard
Panel 1: A mother sits at home, planning out her weekly grocery list. She opens up the store's
app on her phone and begins to add items to her virtual cart. (scan list for food items, each item
will have available brands for selection beneath it)
Panel 2: The app analyzes her list and generates a 'perfect route' for her to take when she arrives
at the store. The route takes into account her previous purchases, and the store's current inventory
and layout. ( Once arriving at the store she will confirm her location at the store which will
generate the optimal route to take once entering the store, in order to collect all items as quickly
as possible)
Panel 6: She finishes her shopping quickly and efficiently, thanks to the app's guidance. At
checkout she is able to scan the coupons she has collected during her trip or a store rewards
number in order to help save money.
Panel 7: As she walks out of the store, she checks her app and sees that she saved a significant
amount of money thanks to the 'side quests' she completed.
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Appendix
Team Contributions
Works Cited
University, U. S. (2022, December 21). Pros & Cons of Online Grocery Shopping. USU.
Retrieved March 21, 2023, from
https://extension.usu.edu/news_sections/home_family_and_food/pros-cons-online-grocer
y-shopping
Rummo, P. E., Roberto, C. A., Thorpe, L. E., Troxel, A. B., & Elbel, B. (2022). Age-Specific
Differences in Online Grocery
Shopping Behaviors and Attitudes among Adults with Low Income in the United States
in 2021. Nutrients, 14(20), 4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204427
Rogus, S., Guthrie, J. F., Niculescu, M., & Mancino, L. (2020). Online grocery shopping
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
among SNAP participants. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(5), 539–545.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.11.015
Byron, Ellen. “The Slower You Shop, the More You Spend.” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones
& Company, 21 Oct. 2015,
https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-slower-you-shop-the-more-you-spend-1445359614.
Desk, H. N. (2020, October 12). Watch | How does Google Maps work?
https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/watch-how-does-google-maps-work/articl
e32832903.ece
How does text recognition work. (2023, January 19). How Does Text Recognition Work.
https://toloka.ai/blog/how-does-text-recognition-work/#:~:text=Text%20recognition%20t
echnology%20relies%20on,to%20different%20characters%20and%20words
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Research
How does text recognition work: A brief overview of text recognition algorithms, how they
work, and the differences between them. This article shows us that since we will be analyzing
handwritten text we will need a feature extraction algorithm, which relies heavily on machine
learning to identify text. Since algorithms like this aren’t perfect our app will probably need to
analyze the text, then come up with the closest possible options, allowing the user to choose from
them.
The Slower You Shop, the More You Spend: Tells us some tricks stores use to keep customers in
the store and get them to spend more money.
University, U. S. (2022, December 21). Pros & Cons of Online Grocery Shopping. USU.
Retrieved March 21, 2023, from
https://extension.usu.edu/news_sections/home_family_and_food/pros-cons-online-grocery-
shopping
- Online grocery shopping can be more expensive due to additional costs like usage
and delivery fees.
- You cannot handpick each item, making it challenging to ensure the quality of fresh
produce.
- You may still need to go to the store for perishable items in between online orders.
- Online shopping may be more expensive for those who stick to a grocery list but
beneficial for impulse buyers or those with busy schedules or mobility issues.
19
● About 54% of the participants reported shopping online for groceries in the previous
12 months (2021 November, n = 3526).
● Odds of online grocery shopping were higher for those aged 18–44 years were more
likely to grocery shop online than those >= 65 years
● Online groceries were higher for those with food insecurities, income below 20k(USD),
higher educational attainment, and higher fruit and vegetable intake.
● Lower prices were the most popular reason for online grocery shopping (57%)
● “Between 2019 and 2021, food insecurity grew by over 15% in the U.S., largely due to a
surge in unemployment and income loss during the COVID-19 pandemic” (Rummo, P.
E., Roberto, C. A., Thorpe, L. E., Troxel, A. B., & Elbel, B., 2022)
Rogus, S., Guthrie, J. F., Niculescu, M., & Mancino, L. (2020). Online grocery shopping
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among SNAP participants. Journal of Nutrition Education
and Behavior, 52(5), 539–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.11.015
● One study examined the attitudes, beliefs, motivators, and barriers around online
shopping among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients in New
York City. The study was conducted after an attempt to examine the shopping behaviors
of SNAP recipients following the launch of an earlier pilot in the Bronx, NY was halted
because of an inadequate number of participants purchasing groceries online with
their benefits. Focus groups were conducted following discontinuation of the study to
understand why the participants were not using their benefits online. The researchers
found barriers to online grocery shopping, including perceptions that shopping online
was too expensive, a lack of control over the purchasing process, and a skepticism
about the quality of fresh produce that would be delivered. Motivators for shopping
online included quick and free delivery, sales, discounts, and coupons.
Silverstein, Sam. “Usage of Top Grocery Apps Hits Record in Q1, Data Shows.” Grocery
Dive, 30 June 2022,
https://www.grocerydive.com/news/grocery-apps-usage-spike-q1/626382/.
20
● The usage of grocery stores apps hit a record high in Q1 2022, 13% higher than the same
time in 2020. Customers searching for relief of the rising food prices, an issues user still
face today
● It was reported that mentioning the word coupon was up 75% compared to the previous
year
● Online shopping orders were up 40% year-over-year in May of 2022 and have continued
to have a strong hold on the market.
● This article points out that the benefits of online shopping include: A convenient
shopping experience, reducing temptation of buying unhealthy items, Staying on
budget/having a running total of prices as you go, knowing what products are in stock,
etc. Swift cart offers all of those features, a mapped out route to keep the experience
efficient and avoid the temptation of wandering down aisles of unhealthy food by having
pins exactly where on the aisle each item is located. Our pop up discounts allow users to
get extra savings each trip. As well as offering a running tally of price as you check off
items on your list.
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1. Have you ever used a grocery store app? What enticed you to use a grocery store
app? What did you like about the grocery store app? What did you not like about
the app?
I have looked at ads for grocery apps, but I have never used them.
2. Do you use google maps or related directions software? Do you like it? What do
you not like about directions software like google maps?
I have used google maps before, and I like it. It serves its purpose and I usually get to my
destination. I don’t really have any problems with google maps. I get to my location.
3. Do you use coupons? What is the frequency of your coupon usage? Do you think
coupons are useful in the current age of today?
I do not use coupons currently. I use coupons less than once a month. I do not like
that coupons are specific to a specific size and quantity which is never helpful to me. I do
not think coupons are useful in today’s age. I think just having things on sale is better.
4. Do you go to multiple stores for your weekly grocery shopping?
I go to multiple stores for my weekly shopping. I go to Meijer and Aldi.
5. Have you used an online-only shopping website for groceries like HelloFresh, GoPuff,
AmazonDelivery,etc..?
I have never used a food delivery service for food. Once during covid I put
everything I wanted into a ‘cart,’ but I never purchased it. I didn’t purchase it because I
didn’t like the way it was displayed. I had to scroll and search for the specific brand which
is a hassle. I have a friend who does BlueApron. She really likes it. She is vegan and her
husband is not. It is easy to find meals that fit both of their needs. The cost is the same as
grocery shopping in the store.
6. Do your friends use online-only shopping websites for groceries?
My friends have used the apps. One uses Walmart and another uses Aldi. The main reason
they use it is because it keeps them focused on the task of groceries on a list. It also makes it easier
to stay on a budget. They didn’t like the quality of the produce.
I would be willing to try a food delivery service like BlueApron because it has pre-sized
meals for you. Everything is done for you. I would not like to do Walmart online shopping because I
still have to find recipes. I would rather walk inside. The drawback of Blue Apron is that if you buy
five meals, you only have five meals in your house. No more or no less.
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1. Have you ever used a grocery store app? What enticed you to use a grocery store
app? What did you like about the grocery store app? What did you not like about
the app?
Yes I have, I was enticed to use the app for convenience. I also liked using an app
because it kept a running list of items that I have purchased frequently in the past,
so I was able to just reorder stuff instead of having to find the same product again.
I have used Stop & Shop , Fresh Thyme and Wholefoods.
2. Do you use google maps or related directions software? Do you like it? What do
you not like about directions software like google maps?
Yes I use that type of software everyday. I love it.
3. Do you use coupons? What is the frequency of your coupon usage? Do you think
coupons are useful in the current age of today?
I do not use coupons. I think coupons are useful for grocery shopping. I am just not
the demographic who uses them but I think there is value for people who seek out
those deals and make purchasing decisions based on the deals that are offered.
Yes
5. Have you used an online-only shopping website for groceries like HelloFresh, GoPuff,
AmazonDelivery,etc..?
Yes, I use AmazonDelivery because the pricing is good and its extremely convenient
to be able to receive the item by the next morning.
For the ‘Add previously made grocery list to app grocery cart’ section add that you can take a
picture and picture-to-text software can produce your grocery list
Scenario
A new user needs a variety of items (Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, spaghetti sauce, and avocados)
and wants to buy them as fast as possible from the GoPuff website.
Methods
We decided on the Keystroke-Level Model (KLM) to estimate how much time each task the user
did would take, on average. We did a walkthrough of an order on GoPuff to get the information
we’d need to split the task of ordering the three predetermined items on GoPuff into subtasks.
Then, we split these subtasks up further, into the microtasks listed in the KLM. Finally, we found
the numeric value attributed to each microtask in the KLM, then found the sum of all these
numeric values.
The second phase of this project involved getting an outside person to place the order we set as
our goal, while tracking their time. We then compared the two values to see how useful the KLM
could be in our own design.
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Findings
Obviously, we had a very large difference between the actual and estimated times. This told my
team a lot about the KLM, as well as the reality of creating our own app. We realized that while
we could make a base expectation for the time it takes for a user to use our product, the more
important thing would be to make sure they intuitively understood how to use it effectively, since
much of the additional time contributing to the actual value in our test was spent figuring out
how to use GoPuff.
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Alex’s kids appear. Alex is a single mom of three kids. She’s always
busy, and today her kids have soccer practice, so
she only has an hour to get the grocery shopping
done.
A Piggy bank drops into frame. Since Alex has a lot of mouths to feed, money is
tight, so she likes getting good deals at the store.
A clock appears next to Alex. She doesn’t have time to go to a bunch of different
stores, but she doesn’t like asking for help finding
groceries either.
A speech bubble appears over Alex with a This leaves Alex wandering around a single store,
question mark in it. Her smile turns into a frown. unsure of where she needs to go to get each item
she needs.
*Close up of a Camera*
*A phone appears*
An exclamation point appears. Then, the map When Alex gets to the store, she can confirm her
Colton draws slides onto the phone.
destination and the app will generate a route
through the store taking her to each item she
needs. This makes Alex happy because she get her
job done in an efficient amount of time.
FADE TO BLACK