TOPIC 1 MECHANICS

1C Momentum

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1 C (1)

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

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2(a) The total momentum of a closed system is constant. Allow 1 mark if student does not mention a (2)
closed system.
2(b) 80 1.0 = 0.25 m (1) There is no unit mark but relevant working (2)
m = 320 kg (1) must be shown.

2(c) Momentum imparted to water is neglected. (1) (2)

Momentum of boat would be less so mass is an overestimate. (1)

(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)

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3(a) Momentum of air and burnt fuel is increased in the backward direction. (1) Allow 2 marks maximum for answers in terms (3)
Force is rate of change of momentum. (1) of Newton’s third law that do not mention
momentum.
Force on plane is equal and opposite to force on accelerated air/exhaust
gases. (1)
3(b) If air/exhaust gases increase momentum in the backward direction (2)
something must gain an equal forward momentum. (1)
The aircraft must apply a forward force to the atmospheric air and transfer
an equal amount of momentum to it. (1)

(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)

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4 Bending her knees increases the time over which she stops. (1) Credit answers in terms of reduced (3)
This reduces the rate of change of momentum (1) acceleration and F = ma.

and so exerts a smaller force on her joints as she stops. (1)

(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

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5 Evidence of use of law of conservation of momentum (3)
(20 v = (40 + 20)   0.40) (1)
Total mass after sack lands on trolley is 60 kg (1)
Initial velocity of sack = 1.2 ms−1 (1)

(Total for Question 5 = 3 marks)

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6 Ft = mv (with m = 0.10 kg) (1) Credit 1 mark for use of impulse change of (2)
−1
v = 25 ms (1) momentum

(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

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