Advanced Macroeconomics: Autumn 2022

Advanced Macroeconomics
Autumn 2022
Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Széchenyi István University, Győr
Teacher’s Card
Dr Krisztián KOPPÁNY PhD

associate professor,
deputy dean for corporate relations
Széchenyi István University
Kautz Gyula Faculty of Business and Economics
Department of Theoretical and
International Economics
Egyetem tér 1, Győr H-9026, Hungary
email: koppanyk@sze.hu
web: http://rs1.szif.hu/~koppanyk/web/
consulting hours in office: Tuesdays 14:00-15:00,
Management Campus, room MC-205 (only on school
days from Sept 6 to Dec 6, please email me in
advance)
2 Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Macroeconomic and Regional
Impact Analysis with Multiplier Models
The Structure of
Value / Supply Chains
upstream
OEM
The Structure of
upstream downstream
OEM
Macroeconomics of
• This course discusses supply chains form a macroeconomic

perspective. Supply chains are the key factors in
demonstrating multiplicative effects of rising and falling of
companies’ activities according to final demand or structural
changes. Growing or decreasing sales or altering technologies
need more or less purchasing from others in every link, so the
stimulus goes through the whole supply chain, thus affects
output, incomes, employment, and other categories of
economic development of a region or a country.
• Students will gain an understanding of the principles of models
with which these effects can be calculated. They will also
become familiar with practical use of such models and be
able to interpret the results of their calculations, which can be
utilized for showing a company’s or a sector’s multiplicative
economic power, or for regional and macroeconomic
planning and controlling.
Input-Output Relations along
Value Chains
Households Investing companies Government sector Export markets
Final products
Labour force, human capital
Financial capital
OEM
Fixed capital Fixed capital Intermediate Intermediate Import

goods goods products products products
Supplier for Supplier for TIER1 supplier TIER1 supplier TIER1 import
projects #1 … projects #n #1 #2 … supplier #m
Intermediate Intermediate Import Intermediate

products products products products
TIER2 supplier TIER2 supplier TIER2 import TIER2 supplier

#1 … #l supplier #1 … #k
Input-Output Relations and Value
Chains from a Macro Perspective
Consumption Investments Government spending Exports
Final products
Labour inputs
Final demand
Gross fixed capital stock /
industry
formation
Intermediate Intermediate
Imports
consumption consumption
TIER1 industry TIER1 industry TIER1 import

#1 #2 … industry #m
Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate

Imports
consumption consumption consumption
TIER2 industry TIER2 industry TIER2 import TIER2 industry

#1 … #l industry #1 … #k
Course Outline
Sept 5 Introduction; Simple Keynesian income-

expenditure multiplier models
Sept 12 Simple Keynesian income-expenditure
multiplier models continued
Sept 19 Multiregion income-expenditure multiplier
models
Sept 26 Multiregion income-expenditure multiplier
models continued
Oct 3 The structure of national input-output tables;
Introduction to the generation of input-output tables
Oct 10 The fixed product sales structure method
Oct 17 1st in-semester test (computer lab, optional)
Course Outline
Oct 24 Basic input-output modelling, Leontief input-

output model
Nov 7 Analysing effects of final demand and structural
changes using Type 1 input-output multipliers
Nov 14 Type 1 multipliers continued; Analysing effects
of final demand and structural changes using Type 2
input-output multipliers
Nov 21 Type 2 multipliers continued; SAMs
Nov 28 International analyses with world input-output
tables, Global Value Chain indicators
Dec 5 2nd in-semester test (computer lab, optional)
Materials & Readings
• compulsory
– lesson materials available on szelearning.sze.hu (Moodle): slides, guidelines,
Excel sample files and solutions, sample tasks for exams, videos
– Koppány Krisztián (2017): Makrogazdasági és regionális hatáselemzés
multiplikátormodellekkel. Hazai alkalmazásokkal és számpéldákkal, Excel
környezetben (available in Moodle and aslo in a printed book format in the
University Library, compulsory only for Hungarian students, pp 7-66, 71-87, 162-
176, 177-181)
• recommended (available in Moodle)
– Schaffer, W. A. (2010): Regional Impact Models. Georgia Institute of Technology,
School of Economics, Revised (pdf) version, March 2010
– Ambargis, Z. O., Mead, C. I. (2012): RIMS II. An essential tool for regional
developers and planners. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
– Miller, R. E., Blair, P. D. (2009): Input-Output Analysis. Foundations and Extensions,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Second Edition
– Breisinger, C.–Thomas, M.– Thurlow, J. (2009): Social accounting matrices and
multiplier analysis: An introduction with exercises. Food Security in Practice
technical guide 5, Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research
Institute. DOI: 10.2499/9780896297838fsp5
– Wang, Z., Wei, S.-J., Yu, X., & Zhu, K. (2017). Measures of Participation in Global
Value Chains and Global Business Cycles (Working Paper No. 23222; Working
Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research.
https://doi.org/10.3386/w23222 lásd még:
http://rigvc.uibe.edu.cn/english/D_E/database_database/index.htm
SzE-learning / Moodle Course
Reporting & Evaluation
• students write an exam (test) in the

examination period
• marks can be obtained by writing two in-
semester exams (tests), as well
(recommended!)
• evaluation is based on grades as follows
– below 50% fail (1)
– 50-62% pass (2)
– 63-72% satisfactory (3)
– 73-82% good (4)
– 83% or above excellent (5)
ONE-REGION KEYNESIAN
MULTIPLIER MODELS
The simple Keynesian income-expenditure model for closed
and open economies. Hungarian applications.
John Maynard Keynes
(1883-1946)
Micro- Great Depression

versus
Active
Macro- Government Policy
economics
Multiplier,
„But this long run is a misleading Richard Kahn
guide to current affairs. In the
long run we are all dead.” A
Tract on Monetary Reform
(1923), Ch. 3, p. 80
Source: https://noehernandezcortez.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/paul-samuelson-sobre-keynes/
YD
Simple Multiplier Model
YD = YS
Keynesian Cross YD’
E
for a Closed Economy
YD
D
B
C
ΔG
Y =C+I+G
A
ˆ
C(Y) = C0 + cY
ΔYe
45°
ˆ +I+G
Y = C0 + cY
Y
(1− cˆ ) Y = C0 + I + G
Ye Ye’
P AS
1
e
Y =
ˆ
1− c
( C0 + I + G)
1
=4
ΔYe 1− 0.75
Ye Ye’ Yp Y
Simple Multiplier Model
for an Open Economy
M+ Y = C + I + G + X Y =C+I+ X −M
C(Y) = cY M(Y) = mY
Y = cY + I + X − mY
(1− c + m) Y = I + X
1
e
Y =
1− c + m
( I + X)
1
= 0.952
1− 0.75 + 0.8
A Hungarian Case Study
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Consumption rate Import rate GDP multiplier
See 3_1_7i_KIINDULÓ.xls,
18 3_1_7ie DEFAULT.xls Krisztián KOPPÁNY
GyőRIO3
ALAT_I D) Vállalat_004 Vonzáskörzet A győri ipari körzet (GYIK) regionális input-output modellje
Mezőgazdaság
utatás adatai (mFt-ban)
2009 2010 2011

étele 2 882,0 3 021,4 1 938,3
ele 2 307,4 3 546,5 2 680,3
5 189,4 6 567,8 4 618,5
278,4 223,7 362,3
719,5 616,4 776,7
4 584,8 5 647,5 4 425,6
421,4 485,0 507,1
436,1 599,5 518,1
310,6 463,1 287,6
434,4 212,9 19,1
k 102,1 96,4 64,7
ok 94,7 80,8 41,0
441,9 228,5 42,8
30,6 24,9 3,5
411,3 203,6 39,3
0,0 0,0 0,0
411,3 203,6 39,3
öldi árbevétel
YI K-en
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
ületi-ágazati megoszlása, a belföldi árbevétel belső arányainak megadása
Értékesítés GYI K-en belül

v égső felhasználásra termelőfelhasználásra
lföldre v árosba v onzáskörzetbe v árosba v onzáskörzetbe
más lakosság- egyéb lakosság- egyéb mezőgaz- koppanyk@sze.hu
iparnak
szolgálta- mezőgaz-
iparnak
szolgálta-
gióba nak célra nak célra daságnak tásnak daságnak tásnak
MULTIREGION INCOME-
EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIER MODELS
A two-region model. Generalization to n regions.
Incorporating interregional income flows. Applications and
numerical examples.
A Simple Two-Region Model
of Hungary and the EU
Yhu = Chu + Ihu + Xhu − Mhu Yeu = Ceu + Ieu + Xeu − Meu
Chu = chuYhu Ceu = ceuYeu

hu row
Xhu = X eu
hu +X row
hu
Xeu = Xeu + Xeu
Mhu = mhuYhu Meu = meuYeu

eu row
Mhu = Mhu + Mhu hu
Meu = Meu row
+ Meu
eu row hu row
sMhu
+ sMhu = 1 sMeu
+ sMeu = 1
eu row hu row
Mhu = sMhu
m Y
hu hu + sMhu mhu Yhu Meu = sMeu
m Y
eu eu + sMeu meuYeu
eu hu hu eu
sMhu
m Y
hu hu = X eu sMeu
m Y
eu eu = X hu
hu row
Yhu = chuYhu + Ihu + sMeu
m Y
eu eu + X hu − mhuYhu
row
Yhu = Ihu + Xhu + ( chu − mhu ) Yhu + sM
hu
eu
meuYeu
Yhu − ( chu − mhu ) Yhu = Ihu + Xhu

row hu
+ sMeu
meuYeu
(1− chu + mhu ) Yhu = Ihu + Xhurow + sMhu meuYeu
eu
1
Yhu =
1− chu + mhu
( row
Ihu + Xhu hu
+ sMeu
meuYeu )
eu row
Yeu = ceuYeu + Ieu + sMhu
m Y
hu hu + Xeu − meuYeu
row
Yeu = Ieu + Xeu eu
+ sMhu
mhuYhu + ( ceu − meu ) Yeu
1
Yeu =
1− ceu + meu
( row
Ieu + Xeu eu
+ sMhu
mhuYhu )
1
Yhu =
1− chu + mhu
( row
Ihu + Xhu hu
+ sMeu
meuYeu )
See
23 1.2.1 Hungary-EU DEFAULT hu-eng.xlsx Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Solution with
Iterative Calculation
hu row
Yhu = chuYhu + Ihu + sMeu
m Y
eu eu + X hu − mhuYhu
eu row
Yeu = ceuYeu + Ieu + sMhu
m Y
hu hu + Xeu − meuYeu
row
Yhu = Ihu + Xhu + ( chu − mhu ) Yhu + sM
hu
eu
meuYeu
row
Yeu = Ieu + Xeu eu
+ sMhu
mhuYhu + ( ceu − meu ) Yeu
 chu − mhu meu   Yhu 

hu
 Yhu   Ihu + Xhu
row sM
 = row 
+  eu eu
 
Yeu  Ieu + Xeu   sMhu mhu ceu − meu  Yeu 
 chu − mhu meu   Yhu 

hu
 Yhu   Ihu + Xhu
row sM
 = row 
+  eu eu
 
Yeu  Ieu + Xeu   sMhu mhu ceu − meu  Yeu 
Y = o + OY
(E − O) Y = o
 r1,1 r1,2 
Y = (E − O ) o = Ro
−1
R= 
 r2,1 r2,2 
Y1(hu) = r1,1o1 + r1,2o2 dYi
ri , j =
doj
Y2(eu) = r2,1o1 + r2,2o2
See
26 1.2.1 Hungary-EU DEFAULT hu-eng.xlsx Krisztián KOPPÁNY
SAMPLE TASK FOR EXAMS
Model formalization 2
See Sample Tasks for Exams and

27 the related tutorial video Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Y = C+I+G+ X − M
YA = CA + IA + GA + X A − MA YB = CB + IB + GB + XB − MB
CA = cAYA MA = mAYA CB = cB YB MB = mB YB
B
MA = M + M
A
row
A
MB = MBA + MBrow
X A = X AB + X Arow XB = XBA + XBrow
X AB = MBA = sMAB mB YB XBA = MAB = sM

B
mAYA
A

YA = CA + IA + GA + X A − MA
YA = cAYA + IA + GA + sMAB mB YB + X Arow − mAYA
YA = IA + GA + X Arow + ( cA − mA ) YA + sMAB mB YB
…
YB = IB + GB + XBrow + sM
B
A
mAYA + ( cB − mB ) YB
YA  IA + GA + X Arow  cA − mA sMAB mB  YA 

 = row 
+ B  
 YB   IB + GB + XB   sMA mA cB − mB   YB 
YA  IA + GA + X Arow  cA − mA sMAB mB 

Y=  o= row 
O= B 
 YB   IB + GB + XB   sMA mA cB − mB 
Y = o + OY  o1 
o= 
(E − O) Y = o o2 
 r1,1 r1,2 
Y = (E − O ) o = Ro
−1
R= 
 r2,1 r2,2 
Y1( A) = r1,1o1 + r1,2 o2 dYi

ri , j =
doj
Y2(B) = r2,1o1 + r2,2 o2
OPTIONAL Generalization
to n Regions
Yi = Ci + Ii + Xi − Mi i = 1,2,..., n Mi = mi Yi
n
Ci = ci Yi Xi =  Xij + Xirow s1Mi + sM
2
i
+ ... + s n
Mi + s row
Mi =1
j =1
ji n
 Mi Mi = 1
s j
+ s row
X ij = sMj i mi Yi j =1
ji
n
Mi =  sMj i mi Yi + sM
row
mi Yi
Xij = sM
i
j
mj Yj j =1
i
ji
n
Yi = ci Yi + Ii +  sM
i
j
m Y
j j + X row
hu − mi Yi
j =1
ji
to n Regions
n
Yi = ci Yi + Ii +  sM
i
j
m Y
j j + X row
hu − mi Yi
j =1
ji
n
Yi = Ii + X row
i + ( ci − mi ) Yi +  sM
i
j
mj Yj
j =1
ji
n
Yi − ( ci − mi ) Yi = Ii + Xirow +  sM
i
j
mj Yj
j =1
ji
n
(1− ci + mi ) Yi = Ii + X row
i +  sM
i
j
mj Yj
j =1
ji
 
1  I + X row + si m Y 
n
Yi =

1− ci + mi  i i  Mj j j 
j =1 
 j  i 
to n Regions
n
 Mj mj Yj
s i
j =1
Xirow = sM
i
row
mrowYrow
ji
Y1 = I1 + X1row + ( c1 − m1 ) Y1 + s1M2 m2 Y2 + ... + s1Mn mnYn
Y2 = I2 + X2row + sM
2
1
m Y
1 1 + ( c2 − m2 ) Y2 + ... + s 2
Mn mnYn
...
Yn = In + Xnrow + sM M2 m2 Y2 + ... + ( cn − mn ) Yn
n n
1
m Y
1 1 + s
 Y1   row
I1 + X1   c1 − m 1 s1
M2 m2 s1Mn mn   Y1 
     2 2
 
 Y2  = I2 + X2  +  sM1 m1 c2 − m2 sMn mn   Y2 
row
...   ...    
      ... 
Yn  In + Xnrow   sM
n
1
m1 s n
M2 m2 cn − mn  Yn 
to n Regions
Y =C+I+X−M
 Y1   C1   I1   X1   M1 
         
 Y2   C2  I2   X 2  M2 
Y= C= I= X= M=
         
         
 Yn   Cn   In   Xn   Mn 
c1 0 0
 
 0 c2 0
C= c Y c =
 
 
0 0 cn 
to n Regions
 m1 0 0 
 
 0 m2 0 
M= m Y m =
 
 
0 0 mn   0 s1M2 s1Mn 
 2 2

 sM1 0 sMn 
X = SM m Y + X row
SM =  
 
 sn n
sM 0 
 s1M   M1 2
 2 row 
row  sMrow  sMrow =  sM
row row
sM row
sM 
X = sMrow mrow Yrow sMrow =  1 2 n 
 
 sn 
 Mrow 
to n Regions
Y = c Y + I + S M m Y + s Mrow mrow Yrow − m Y

Y = I + sMrow mrow Yrow + c Y + SM m Y − m Y
Y = I + sMrow mrow Yrow +  c + ( SM − E ) m  Y
o = I + sMrow mrow Yrow O = c + ( SM − E ) m
Y = o + OY Y1 = r1,1o1 + r1,2 o2 + ... + r1,non
(E − O ) Y = o Y2 = r2,1o1 + r2,2 o2 + ... + r2,non
Y = (E − O ) o = Ro
−1
...
 r1,1 r1,2 r1,n  Yn = rn,1o1 + rn,2 o2 + ... + rn,non
 
 r2,1 r2,2 r2,n  dYi
R= ri , j =
  doj
 
36  rn,1 rn,2 rn,n  Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Incorporating interregional
income flows
Gross Domestic/Regional Product and Gross National/Regional Income
row
Region h
Yh Region e
sYhh Yh + sYhe Ye = YhN

sYeh Yh + sYee Ye = YeN
Ye
Incorporating interregional
income flows
Distribution of Regional Consumption
row
Region h
Region e
( )
C Y N
h
( )
C YeN
OPTIONAL Solution
in Excel
OPTIONAL Simulation Results
GyőRIO3
Mezőgazdaság
2009 2010 2011

étele 2 882,0 3 021,4 1 938,3
ele 2 307,4 3 546,5 2 680,3
5 189,4 6 567,8 4 618,5
278,4 223,7 362,3
719,5 616,4 776,7
4 584,8 5 647,5 4 425,6
421,4 485,0 507,1
436,1 599,5 518,1
310,6 463,1 287,6
434,4 212,9 19,1
k 102,1 96,4 64,7
ok 94,7 80,8 41,0
441,9 228,5 42,8
30,6 24,9 3,5
411,3 203,6 39,3
0,0 0,0 0,0
411,3 203,6 39,3
öldi árbevétel
YI K-en

iparnak
iparnak
szolgálta-
THE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
Wassily Leontief, input-output tables, generating symmetric
input-output tables by the fixed product sales structure
method.
Wassily Wassilyevich Leontief
(1906-1999)
• father of input-output theory

• precursors: François Quesnay,
Tableau économique; Léon Walras, general
equilibrium
• St. Petersburg, economic studies
„some time in prison, some time at university”,
first input-output table in Russia, 1924 degree
• suspicion of tumor, Germany, Berlin, the basics of
input-output analysis, „The economy as a circular
flow”, dissertation, 1929
• Institute for the World Economy of the University of
Kiel; China, assistant to the ministry of railroads
• NBER USA, 1931; Harvard, 1932; Structure of the
American Economy, 1919–1929, 1941; professor of
economics, 1946; 500 industry model, Mark II, 1949
• opponents: small step form planned economy
• Nobel Prize in economics, 1973
• New York University, Institute for Economic Analisys,
1975
• Nobel Prize winner PhD students: Paul Samuelson,
Robert Solow, Vernon L. Smith
Source: goodreads.com
Simplified Input-Output Table
for Hungary, year 2010
Symmetric input-output table for domestic output (industry by industry), at basic prices NACE Rev. 2 (ESA2010)
National economy
(2010. Year; Year of methodology = 2016)
Domestic intermediate use (million HUF) Final use
Consump- Consump- Consump- Gross fixed Total use
Change in
Industries A BDE C F GHI J-T tion by tion by tion by capital Exports
inventories
households NPISH's goverment formation
A 458 152 14 493 593 522 4 733 85 012 17 020 304 633 153 5 118 73 627 -44 276 575 517 2 087 704
Domestic intermediate
BDE 46 786 223 664 440 835 51 250 241 824 329 919 705 927 272 40 659 67 111 -8 071 147 940 2 288 116
consumptions
C 260 037 170 702 2 097 331 425 837 653 701 484 801 1 555 253 10 105 928 654 365 -253 014 15 040 979 21 195 930
F 1 744 30 821 27 237 61 943 50 219 150 461 21 529 14 18 230 2 079 133 -12 901 92 922 2 521 352
GHI 145 739 155 071 872 846 242 372 994 416 667 350 2 977 506 297 482 243 367 530 -7 892 2 206 418 9 103 896
J-T 87 544 299 983 891 436 254 547 1 414 422 3 102 826 4 417 000 414 224 4 902 405 638 590 -3 797 1 397 594 17 816 774
Use of imported products
236 194 380 784 11 179 884 462 867 1 383 546 1 379 591 1 959 295 0 233 894 1 268 514 431 377 1 729 800 20 645 746
and services
Taxes less subsidies on
38 611 47 000 136 310 50 559 235 219 517 281 2 532 426 0 66 419 362 300 -2 239 186 684 4 170 570
products
Total intermediate
1 274 807 1 322 518 16 239 401 1 554 108 5 058 359 6 649 249 14 473 569 414 970 5 854 896 5 511 170 99 187 21 377 854 79 830 088
consumption / Final use at
purchasers'
Compensationprices
of
242 425 374 380 2 280 887 487 929 2 500 495 5 653 794 11 539 910
employees
of which wages and
200 296 282 433 1 842 867 411 757 2 052 037 4 504 890 9 294 280
salaries
Other net taxes on
-325 055 18 214 44 031 13 317 53 806 193 347 -2 340
production
Gross operating surplus 895 527 573 004 2 631 611 465 998 1 491 236 5 320 384 11 377 760
of which mixed incomes 617 824 6 872 74 262 244 119 374 651 1 011 783 2 329 511
Gross value added at
812 897 965 598 4 956 529 967 244 4 045 537 11 167 525 22 915 330
basic prices
Output at basic prices 2 087 704 2 288 116 21 195 930 2 521 352 9 103 896 17 816 774 55 013 772
Number of employees
287 96 795 266 969 1 557 3 970
(thousand people)
Greenhouse gas
7 524 27 064 10 508 766 6 284 4 379 19 943 76 468
emmission (million tons)
Legend: A Agriculture; BDE Industry (without manufacturing); C Manufacturing; F Construction; GHI Trade, transport, accomodation; J-T Other services.
NPISH = non-profit institutions serving households
A More Simplified
Input-Output Table
Intermediate Use Final Use

Total
Agri- Output
Industry Services Domestic Export
cultrure
Argriculture 462 530 265 318 525 2 100
Industry 315 3 710 1 855 4 720 15 900 26 500
Services 231 2 650 6 095 14 874 2 650 26 500
Imports 273 12 720 3 445 3 575 4 925 24 938
Gross Value
819 6 890 14 840 GDP by income approach
Added
819 + 6 890 + 14 840 = 22 549
Total Input 2 100 26 500 26 500
GDP by expenditure approach
GDP by production approach (318 + 4 720 + 14 874 + 3 575) + (525 + 15 900 + 2 650 + 4 925) −
(2 100 + 26 500 + 26 500) − −(273 + 12 700 + 3 445 + 3 575 + 4 925) = 22 549
−(462 + 315 + 231+ 273 + 530 + ... + 6 095 + 3 445) = 22 549
Generating Symmetric IOTs
by Fixed Product Sales Structure method
USE
TABLE SUPPLY TABLE
Other
Agri- House- Agri- Total
Industry Services domes- Exports Total use Industry Services
culture holds culture supply
tic use
Agricultural
470 600 80 290 5 530 1 975 1 900 25 50 1 975
products
Industrial
300 3 400 1 650 2 200 2 550 15 300 25 400 100 24 700 600 25 400
products
Services 230 2 850 6 420 7 440 7 025 3 610 27 575 75 1 300 26 200 27 575
Imported
products
275 12 250 3 500 4 500 2 365 1 910
and
services
Value
800 6 925 15 200
added
Output 2 075 26 025 26 850 14 430 11 945 21 350
SYMMETRIC INDUSTRY-BY-INDUSTRY INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE (SIOT)

Other
Agri- House-
Industry Services domes- Exports Total use
culture holds
tic use
Agricultural
Agriculture 470 600 80 290 5 530 1 975 1900 ✓ 25 50
products
Industrial 100 24700 ✓ 600
Industry 300 3 400 1 650 2 200 2 550 15 300 25 400
products
Services Services 230 2 850 6 420 7 440 7 025 3 610 27 575 75 1300 26200 ✓
46 See FPSS.xlsx, sheet FPSS1 Krisztián KOPPÁNY

Fixed Product Sales Structure
Method
Fixed product sales structure assumption
Each product has its own specific sales structure, irrespective of the
industry where it is produced.
USE TABLE
Other
Agri- House-
Industry Services domestic Exports Total use
culture holds
use
Agricultural
470 600 80 290 5 530 1 975
products
Industrial
300 3 400 1 650 2 200 2 550 15 300 25 400
products
Services 230 2 850 6 420 7 440 7 025 3 610 27 575
Fixed product sales structure

Other
Agri- House-
Industry Services domestic Exports
culture holds
use
Agricultural 470/1975 600/1975
products 23,8% 30,4% 4,1% 14,7% 0,3% 26,8%
Industrial 300/25400
products 1,2% 13,4% 6,5% 8,7% 10,0% 60,2%
Services 0,8% 10,3% 23,3% 27,0% 25,5% 13,1%
47 See FPSS.xlsx, sheet FPSS1 Krisztián KOPPÁNY

Consolidated product by industry IO framework
Supply of products Use of domestic industries Final use
Other Total
Agricultura Industrial House-
Services Agriculture Industry Services domestic Exports
l products products holds
final use
Agricultural
products 470 600 80 290 5 530 1 975
Domestic
Industrial
products
products 300 3 400 1 650 2 200 2 550 15 300 25 400
Services 230 2 850 6 420 7 440 7 025 3 610 27 575
Import products and services 275 12 250 3 500 4 500 2 365 1 910 24 800
Agricultire 1 900 100 75 2 075
Domestic
Industry 25 24 700 1 300 26 025
industries
Services 50 600 26 200 26 850
Imports 300 20 800 3 700 24 800
Value added 800 6 925 15 200 22 925
Total 2 275 46 200 31 275 2 075 26 025 26 850 14 430 11 945 21 350
M= 1 900 100 75 U= 470 600 80 Y= 290 5 530

25 24 700 1 300 300 3 400 1 650 2 200 2 550 15 300
50 600 26 200 230 2 850 6 420 7 440 7 025 3 610
q' = 1 975 25 400 27 575
(<qT>)-1 = 0,000506
0,000000
0,000000
0,000039
0,000000
0,000000
See FPSS.xlsx, sheet FPSS2
0,000000 0,000000 0,000036
T = M <q>-1 = 0,962 0,004 0,003 Z = TU = 454 598 101 F = TY = 308 34 580

0,013 0,972 0,047 309 3 448 1 908 2 494 2 811 15 055
0,025 0,024 0,950 238 2 803 6 141 7 128 6 735 3 805
Symmetric industry by industry IOT

Intermediate use of domectic industries Final use
OPTIONAL
Total Use /
Total Other
Industries House- Total final Total
Agriculture Industry Services intermedi- domestic Exports
holds use Output
ate use final use
Agricultire 454 598 101 1 153 308 34 580 922 2 075
Domestic
Industry 309 3 448 1 908 5 665 2 494 2 811 15 055 20 360 26 025
industries
Services 238 2 803 6 141 9 182 7 128 6 735 3 805 17 668 26 850
Imports 275 12 250 3 500 16 025 4 500 2 365 1 910 8 775 24 800
Total intermediate
consumption / Final use 1 275 19 100 11 650 32 025 14 430 11 945 21 350 47 725 79 750
Value added 800 6 925 15 200 22 925
Total Output / Total Use 2 075 26 025 26 850 54 920
GyőRIO3
Mezőgazdaság
2009 2010 2011

étele 2 882,0 3 021,4 1 938,3
ele 2 307,4 3 546,5 2 680,3
5 189,4 6 567,8 4 618,5
278,4 223,7 362,3
719,5 616,4 776,7
4 584,8 5 647,5 4 425,6
421,4 485,0 507,1
436,1 599,5 518,1
310,6 463,1 287,6
434,4 212,9 19,1
k 102,1 96,4 64,7
ok 94,7 80,8 41,0
441,9 228,5 42,8
30,6 24,9 3,5
411,3 203,6 39,3
0,0 0,0 0,0
411,3 203,6 39,3
öldi árbevétel
YI K-en

iparnak
iparnak
szolgálta-
BASIC
INPUT-OUTPUT MODELLING
Leontief’s input-output model, Leontief inverse & input
multipliers. Analysing effects of final demand and structural
changes. Type 1 and 2 multipliers. Social Accounting
Matrices, SAMs.
6-industry Input-Output Table
for Hungary, year 2010
Symmetric input-output table for domestic output (industry by industry), at basic prices NACE Rev. 2 (ESA2010)
National economy
(2010. Year; Year of methodology = 2016)
Domestic intermediate use (million HUF) Final use
Consump- Consump- Consump- Gross fixed Total use
Change in
Industries A BDE C F GHI J-T tion by tion by tion by capital Exports
inventories
households NPISH's goverment formation
A 458 152 14 493 593 522 4 733 85 012 17 020 304 633 153 5 118 73 627 -44 276 575 517 2 087 704
Domestic intermediate
BDE 46 786 223 664 440 835 51 250 241 824 329 919 705 927 272 40 659 67 111 -8 071 147 940 2 288 116
consumptions
C 260 037 170 702 2 097 331 425 837 653 701 484 801 1 555 253 10 105 928 654 365 -253 014 15 040 979 21 195 930
F 1 744 30 821 27 237 61 943 50 219 150 461 21 529 14 18 230 2 079 133 -12 901 92 922 2 521 352
GHI 145 739 155 071 872 846 242 372 994 416 667 350 2 977 506 297 482 243 367 530 -7 892 2 206 418 9 103 896
J-T 87 544 299 983 891 436 254 547 1 414 422 3 102 826 4 417 000 414 224 4 902 405 638 590 -3 797 1 397 594 17 816 774
Use of imported products
236 194 380 784 11 179 884 462 867 1 383 546 1 379 591 1 959 295 0 233 894 1 268 514 431 377 1 729 800 20 645 746
and services
Taxes less subsidies on
38 611 47 000 136 310 50 559 235 219 517 281 2 532 426 0 66 419 362 300 -2 239 186 684 4 170 570
products
Total intermediate
1 274 807 1 322 518 16 239 401 1 554 108 5 058 359 6 649 249 14 473 569 414 970 5 854 896 5 511 170 99 187 21 377 854 79 830 088
consumption / Final use at
purchasers'
Compensationprices
of
242 425 374 380 2 280 887 487 929 2 500 495 5 653 794 11 539 910
employees
of which wages and
200 296 282 433 1 842 867 411 757 2 052 037 4 504 890 9 294 280
salaries
Other net taxes on
-325 055 18 214 44 031 13 317 53 806 193 347 -2 340
production
Gross operating surplus 895 527 573 004 2 631 611 465 998 1 491 236 5 320 384 11 377 760
of which mixed incomes 617 824 6 872 74 262 244 119 374 651 1 011 783 2 329 511
Gross value added at
812 897 965 598 4 956 529 967 244 4 045 537 11 167 525 22 915 330
basic prices
Output at basic prices 2 087 704 2 288 116 21 195 930 2 521 352 9 103 896 17 816 774 55 013 772
Number of employees
287 96 795 266 969 1 557 3 970
(thousand people)
Greenhouse gas
7 524 27 064 10 508 766 6 284 4 379 19 943 76 468
emmission (million tons)
Legend: A Agriculture; BDE Industry (without manufacturing); C Manufacturing; F Construction; GHI Trade, transport, accomodation; J-T Other services.
NPISH = non-profit institutions serving households
A Simplified
Input-Output Table
Intermatiate Use Final Use

Total
Agri- Output
cultrure
Argriculture 462 530 265 318 525 2 100
Industry 315 3 710 1 855 4 720 15 900 26 500
Services 231 2 650 6 095 14 874 2 650 26 500
Imports 273 12 720 3 445 3 575 4 925 24 938
Gross Value
819 6 890 14 840
Added
Total Input 2 100 26 500 26 500
Legend
billion HUF Final

Agriculture I ndustry Serv ices Total Output
(unless indicated otherwise) demand
Agriculture
I ndustry Z f x
Serv ices
I mports im'
Gross Value Added va'
of which labour incomes hi'
Total Input x'
Number of employees
em'
(thousand people)
Emission of greenhouse gas
gh'
(thousand tons)
Numerical Example and the
Direction of Causation
billion HUF Final

Agriculture I ndustry Serv ices Total Output
(unless indicated otherwise) demand
Agriculture 462 530 265 843 2,100
I ndustry 315 3,710 1,855 20,620 26,500
Serv ices 231 2,650 6,095 17,524 26,500
I mports 273 12,720 3,445
Gross Value Added 819 6,890 14,840 upstream
of which labour incomes 420 3,180 9,275

Total Input 2,100 26,500 26,500
Number of employees
(thousand people) 288 1,170 2,543
OEM

(thousand tons) 7,510 37,940 10,270
See IO modell eng DEFAULT.xlsx
Direct Technical Coefficients
Direct Domestic Requirements
Agriculture I ndustry Serv ices

A= 0.2200 0.0200 0.0100 −1
0.1500 0.1400 0.0700 A=Z x
0.1100 0.1000 0.2300
−1
m' = 0.1300 0.4800 0.1300 m = im' x
−1
v' = 0.3900 0.2600 0.5600 
v = va x
−1
h' = 0.2000 0.1200 0.3500 h = hi x
−1
e' = 0.1371 0.0442 0.0960 e = em x
−1
g' = 3.5762 1.4317 0.3875 g = gh x
Notes
 x1 
 
 x2 
x=
  1 
  x 0 0
 xn   1 
 x1 0 0
   1 
 0 x2 0 −1 0 0
x = x = x2 
 
   
0 0 xn   
0 1
 0
 xn 
x  =  x1 x2 xn 
Notes
1 
x 0 0
 1 
 1 
−1 0 0
x = x2 
 
 
0 1
 0
 xn 
 z11 z12 z1n 
x x2 xn 
z1n  
1
 z11 z12
   z21 z22 z2 n 
z z z2 n   
Z =  21 22
−1
x x2 xn  = Z x =A
   1
   
 zn1 zn2 znn   
 zn1 z n2 znn 
x x2 xn 
 1
Basic Equations
of Leontief’s Demand-Driven IO model
Zi + f = x
−1 im = m Lf
Z x x+f=x
Ax + f = x va = v Lf
f = x - Ax = (I - A) x
hi = h Lf
(I – A) f = (I – A) (I - A) x
−1 −1
em = e Lf
(I – A) f = x
−1
gh = g Lf
L = (I – A)
−1
58 Lf = x x = Lf Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Notes
1

1
i=


1
 z11 z12 z1n   z11 + z12 + + z1n   f1 
     
 z21 z22 z2 n   z21 + z22 + + z2 n  f2 
Z= + = Zi + f = x
     
     
 zn1 zn2 znn   zn1 + zn2 + + znn  fn 
Notes
 x1 
 
 x2 
x=
 
 
 xn 
1 
x 0 0
 1  1
 1  
−1 0 0 1
 =i= x −1
x = x2  1 x
  
  1
0 1
 0
 xn 
Type 1
Multiplication Process
f A2 f
3
Af A f
Notes
f + Af + A2 f + A3 f + = x
Af + A2 f + A3 f + = Ax
f = x − Ax
f = ( I − A ) x
(I − A) f = ( I − A ) (I − A ) x
−1 −1
Lf = x
Type 1
Multipliers

Output multiplier 1.7498 1.3716 1.4461
I mport multiplier 0.3124 0.5918 0.2267
Value added multiplier 0.6876 0.4082 0.7733
Labour income multiplier 0.3629 0.2035 0.4778
Employment multiplier
0.2085 0.0718 0.1339
(thousand people/billion HUF)
Air pollution (GHG) multiplier
5.0483 1.8681 0.7387
(thousand tons/billion HUF)
Type 2 IO Model
Closed to the Households
billion HUF Households'
Agriculture I ndustry Serv ices Other final use Total Output
(unless indicated otherwise) consumption
Agriculture 462 530 265 300 543 2,100
I ndustry 315 3,710 1,855 2,000 18,620 26,500
Serv ices 231 2,650 6,095 7,000 10,524 26,500
I mports 273 12,720 3,445 3,575 4,925 24,938
Gross Value Added 819 6,890 14,840
of which labour incomes 420 3,180 9,275
Total Input 2,100 26,500 26,500
Number of employees (thousand
people) 288 1,170 2,543
(thousand tons) 7,510 37,940 10,270 19,620
Agriculture I ndustry Serv ices Households

A(2) = 0.2200 0.0200 0.0100 0.0233
0.1500 0.1400 0.0700 0.1553
0.1100 0.1000 0.2300 0.5437
h' = 0.2000 0.1200 0.3500
( )
−1
(2) (2)
L = I−A
Type 2
Multiplication Process
Type 2
Multipliers

Output multiplier 2.2889 1.6740 2.1558
I mport multiplier for industries 0.4277 0.6564 0.3785
Value added multiplier 0.9467 0.5535 1.1144
Labour income multiplier 0.5183 0.2907 0.6823
Total import multiplier (incl.
0.5717 0.7371 0.5679
households' consumption)
Employment multiplier
0.2545 0.0976 0.1944
(thousand people/billion HUF)
Air pollution (GHG) multiplier
5.4678 2.1034 1.2910
(thousand tons/billion HUF)
Total air pollution (GHG) multiplier
(thousand tons/billion HUF) (incl. 6.2577 2.5463 2.3308
households' consumption)
Big Names from the „Economic Impact
Analysis with Multipliers” Story
Francios Quesnay (1694-1774) Wassily Leontief (1906-1999)
John M. Keynes (1883-1946) Sir Richard Stone (1913-1991)
67 Koppány Krisztián
Multiplicative Effects in Stone’s
Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)
Source: Breisinger et al (2009): Social Accounting

68 Matrices and Multiplier Analysis. p. 2 Krisztián KOPPÁNY
Type 1 and Type 2
SAM Multiplication Process
Type 2
Type 1
Source: Breisinger et al (2009): Social Accounting

69 Matrices and Multiplier Analysis. p. 2 Koppány Krisztián
GyőRIO3
Mezőgazdaság
2009 2010 2011

étele 2 882,0 3 021,4 1 938,3
ele 2 307,4 3 546,5 2 680,3
5 189,4 6 567,8 4 618,5
278,4 223,7 362,3
719,5 616,4 776,7
4 584,8 5 647,5 4 425,6
421,4 485,0 507,1
436,1 599,5 518,1
310,6 463,1 287,6
434,4 212,9 19,1
k 102,1 96,4 64,7
ok 94,7 80,8 41,0
441,9 228,5 42,8
30,6 24,9 3,5
411,3 203,6 39,3
0,0 0,0 0,0
411,3 203,6 39,3
öldi árbevétel
YI K-en

iparnak
iparnak
szolgálta-
WORLD
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES & MODELS
International analyses with world input-output tables. Global
Value Chain incidators.
Single-Country (National)
Input-Output Table

Total
Agri- Output
cultrure
Argriculture 462 530 265 318 525 2 100
Industry 315 3 710 1 855 4 720 15 900 26 500
Services 231 2 650 6 095 14 874 2 650 26 500
Imports 273 12 720 3 445
Gross Value
819 6 890 14 840
Added
Total Input 2 100 26 500 26 500
World Input-Output Table
Rest of the World

Country#1 … Country#m-1 Country#1 C#k-1 ROW Total
(ROW)
… Output
Households’ Ot-
Ind#1 … Ind#n … Ind#1 … Ind#n Ind#1 … Ind#n HC Other HC Other
Consumption her
Country#1
Indsutry#1
Industry#n
… …
Country#m-1
Industry#1
Industry#n
Industry#1
ROW
Industry#n
Value
m = number of producer and intermediate user countries
Added
n = number of producer and intermediate user industries
Total Input k = number of final user countries
s = number of final user sectors
World Input-Output Database
• 43 countries and
ROW
• 56 industries
• 5 final demand
categories
• current prices and
exchange rates
• from 2000 to 2014
The Sructure of
Global Value Chains
The Sructure of
Global Value Chains
upstream
O
E
M
76
The Sructure of
Global Value Chains
upstream downstream
O
E
M
77
The Sructure of
Global Value Chains
Some basic GVC indicators
DV FV FV ∑ = IV
• decomposition of gross export FV DV FV
∑ = FV
(Koopman et al, VLE) and gross FV FV DV
global value added / final ∑=e
product (Wang et al, VLF)
downstream
dekompozíciója
• participation FV/e+IV/e ∑ = va
upstream
• position ln(1+IV/e)-ln(1+FV/e)
• length (backward/forward,
downstreamness / upstreamness, ∑=f
i’L, Gi) (weighted average!) f
+20
– number of linked production stages 10 C
– physical length 100 Number of
VA Weight production
– number of border 70 stages
30
crossings A B 20 0,2 1
10 0,1 2
• exposures +40 +40 40 0,4 2
30 0,3 3
100 1,0 2,1
World Input-Output Table
Rest of the World

Country#1 … Country#m-1 Country#1 C#k-1 ROW Total
(ROW)
… Output
Households’ Ot-
Ind#1 … Ind#n … Ind#1 … Ind#n Ind#1 … Ind#n HC Other HC Other
Consumption her
Country#1
Indsutry#1
Industry#n
… …
Country#m-1
Z F x
Industry#1
Industry#n
Industry#1
ROW
Industry#n
v’
Value
m = number of producer and intermediate user countries
Added
n = number of producer and intermediate user industries
k = number of final user countries
x’
Total Input
s = number of final user sectors
Interindustry Transactions
 Z11 Z12 Z1m   z11ic jc ic jc

z12 z1icnjc 
 21 22 2m   ic jc ic jc ic jc 
Z Z Z  z z22 z2n 
Z = Zic , jc =  21
( mnmn )   ( nn )  
 m1 m2 mm   ic jc ic jc 
Z Z Z   zn1 znic2jc znn 
ic , jc = 1, 2, ,m
Z =  ziiicjjic  ii , ji = 1, 2, ,n
81
Final Demand
 F11 F12 F1k  f11ic jc f12ic jc f1isc jc 

 21 22 2k   ic jc ic jc 
F F F  f f22ic jc f2s 
F = Fic , jc =  21
( mnks )   ( ns )  
 m1 m2 mk   ic jc ic jc 
F F F  fn1 fni2c jc fns 
ic = 1, 2, ,m
jc = 1, 2, ,k
F = fiiijcijc  ii = 1, 2, ,n
js = 1, 2, ,s
82
Value Added and Output
v =  v1 v2 v m  x =  x1 x2 x m 
(1mn ) (1mn )
vjc = v1jc v2jc vnjc  xjc =  x1jc x2jc xnjc 

(1n ) (1n )
v = vjjic  x =  xjjic 
(1mn ) (1mn )
jc = 1, 2, ,m
ji = 1, 2, ,n
83
Leontief’s demand-side (pull)
IO model
Leontief (1936)
−1
A=Z x
−1
c = v x
−1 c x = v
L = (I − A)
x = Lf v = c Lf
Source: goodreads.com
84
More on the Leontief Model
Zi + Fi = x f = x - Ax = ( I - A ) x
−1
Z x x+f=x (I – A )
−1
f = (I – A )
−1
(I - A ) x
Ax + f = x
(I – A ) f = x
−1
L = (I – A )
−1
Excel Exercise
Lf = x x = Lf
An Example from WIOD

2014 Total Use
HUN EUR CHN USA ROW
HUN EUR CHN USA ROW
Billion USD Agr Ind Ser Agr Ind Ser Agr Ind Ser Agr Ind Ser Agr Ind Ser
Agr 3 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 13
HUN Ind 1 16 9 1 33 8 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 5 1 21 29 1 2 8 138
Ser 1 14 29 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 68 5 0 0 2 133
Agr 0 1 0 90 346 43 0 1 0 1 1 0 5 11 3 0 219 0 1 13 736
EUR Ind 1 39 6 157 5 082 1 878 2 90 13 3 123 65 21 587 163 15 4 845 119 169 657 14 036
Intermediate Use
Ser 0 6 5 105 2 646 6 597 0 21 20 1 26 80 17 291 376 3 12 351 26 54 405 23 033

Agr 0 0 0 0 1 0 217 911 89 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 439 0 7 1 671
CHN Ind 0 4 0 2 115 39 358 11 983 1 656 1 79 42 11 543 113 1 189 5 205 213 673 21 229
Ser 0 0 0 0 10 30 85 2 517 2 155 0 2 5 7 108 93 0 8 3 704 4 117 8 845
Agr 0 0 0 1 3 0 2 8 1 91 262 15 5 20 2 0 2 1 67 10 489
USA Ind 0 1 0 3 101 40 1 28 4 82 2 389 1 592 17 393 128 0 76 39 3 419 283 8 596
Ser 0 1 1 2 58 134 0 9 13 73 1 470 6 191 7 115 165 0 59 6 13 394 190 21 886
Agr 0 0 0 7 33 4 10 44 2 10 17 3 322 958 168 0 16 8 19 1 177 2 800
ROW Ind 0 10 1 14 620 137 12 896 76 9 572 190 381 13 261 3 156 3 307 213 465 9 740 30 063
Ser 0 1 1 3 102 205 1 70 47 2 42 113 231 4 218 5 920 1 119 55 89 16 110 27 330
Gross Value Added 6 41 80 350 4 881 13 913 982 4 648 4 769 217 3 611 13 589 1 775 9 547 17 039 75 447
Total Output 13 138 133 736 14 036 23 033 1 671 21 229 8 845 489 8 596 21 886 2 800 30 063 27 330 160 997
Based on WIOT 2014 (WIOD Release 2016).
See KSZI GVC Workshop Koppány Krisztián 220331_v05 DEFAULT ENG.xlsx
Wang’s GVC
Decomposition Scheme
x = Ax + f = AD x + A F x + f D + f F x = LD f D + LD f F + LD AF x
x − AD x = f D + f F + AF x x = LD f D + LD f F + LD AFLf
(I − AD ) x = f D + f F + AF x LD AFLD f D
LD = ( I – AD ) LD AFLf − LD AFLD f D = LD AF (Lf − LD f D )

−1
Excel Exercise x = Lf = LD f D + LD f F + LD AFLD f D + LD A F (Lf − LD f D )
c L f = c LD f D + c LD f F + c LD A FLD f D + c LD A F L f − LD f D ( )
pure traditional simple GVCs complex GVCs
domestic trade
Exam Topics & Preparations
• in my book pp 7-66, 71-87, 162-176, 177-181

• sample tasks available in my web folder
(http://www.sze.hu/~koppanyk/web/segedl
et/Nappali%20tagozat/Halado%20makrook
onomia/)
GyőRIO3
Mezőgazdaság
2009 2010 2011

étele 2 882,0 3 021,4 1 938,3
ele 2 307,4 3 546,5 2 680,3
5 189,4 6 567,8 4 618,5
278,4 223,7 362,3
719,5 616,4 776,7
4 584,8 5 647,5 4 425,6
421,4 485,0 507,1
436,1 599,5 518,1
310,6 463,1 287,6
434,4 212,9 19,1
k 102,1 96,4 64,7
ok 94,7 80,8 41,0
441,9 228,5 42,8
30,6 24,9 3,5
411,3 203,6 39,3
0,0 0,0 0,0
411,3 203,6 39,3
öldi árbevétel
YI K-en

iparnak
iparnak
szolgálta-

Advanced Macroeconomics: Autumn 2022

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Advanced Macroeconomics: Autumn 2022

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Advanced Macroeconomics

Dr Krisztián KOPPÁNY PhD

• This course discusses supply chains form a macroeconomic

Fixed capital Fixed capital Intermediate Intermediate Import

Intermediate Intermediate Import Intermediate

TIER2 supplier TIER2 supplier TIER2 import TIER2 supplier

TIER1 industry TIER1 industry TIER1 import

Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate

TIER2 industry TIER2 industry TIER2 import TIER2 industry

Sept 5 Introduction; Simple Keynesian income-

Oct 24 Basic input-output modelling, Leontief input-

• students write an exam (test) in the

Micro- Great Depression

utatás adatai (mFt-ban)

2009 2010 2011

Értékesítés GYI K-en belül

Chu = chuYhu Ceu = ceuYeu

Mhu = mhuYhu Meu = meuYeu

Yhu − ( chu − mhu ) Yhu = Ihu + Xhu

 chu − mhu meu   Yhu 

 chu − mhu meu   Yhu 

See Sample Tasks for Exams and

X AB = MBA = sMAB mB YB XBA = MAB = sM

See Sample Tasks for Exams and

YA = cAYA + IA + GA + sMAB mB YB + X Arow − mAYA

YA  IA + GA + X Arow  cA − mA sMAB mB  YA 

YA  IA + GA + X Arow  cA − mA sMAB mB 

Y1( A) = r1,1o1 + r1,2 o2 dYi

Y = c Y + I + S M m Y + s Mrow mrow Yrow − m Y

sYhh Yh + sYhe Ye = YhN

utatás adatai (mFt-ban)

2009 2010 2011

Értékesítés GYI K-en belül

• father of input-output theory

Intermediate Use Final Use

Argriculture 462 530 265 318 525 2 100

Industry 315 3 710 1 855 4 720 15 900 26 500

Services 231 2 650 6 095 14 874 2 650 26 500

Imports 273 12 720 3 445 3 575 4 925 24 938

SYMMETRIC INDUSTRY-BY-INDUSTRY INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE (SIOT)

46 See FPSS.xlsx, sheet FPSS1 Krisztián KOPPÁNY

Fixed product sales structure

47 See FPSS.xlsx, sheet FPSS1 Krisztián KOPPÁNY

Supply of products Use of domestic industries Final use

M= 1 900 100 75 U= 470 600 80 Y= 290 5 530

q' = 1 975 25 400 27 575

T = M <q>-1 = 0,962 0,004 0,003 Z = TU = 454 598 101 F = TY = 308 34 580

Symmetric industry by industry IOT

utatás adatai (mFt-ban)

2009 2010 2011

Értékesítés GYI K-en belül

Intermatiate Use Final Use

Argriculture 462 530 265 318 525 2 100

Industry 315 3 710 1 855 4 720 15 900 26 500

Services 231 2 650 6 095 14 874 2 650 26 500

Imports 273 12 720 3 445 3 575 4 925 24 938

Total Input 2 100 26 500 26 500

billion HUF Final

billion HUF Final

of which labour incomes 420 3,180 9,275

Emission of greenhouse gas

See IO modell eng DEFAULT.xlsx