Warm-Up Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

The End of War

General Lee
The Civil War ended in 1865 when of the Confederacy

Surrendered to the Union at Appomattox.

Cost of the war:

• Over 620,00 deaths ; thousands injured

$6 billion
• Over

destroyed
• Southern farmland and infrastructure

Post–Civil War Challenges

economy landscape
Much of the Southern and were

ravaged by war.

About four million enslaved persons were now freed.

The Union needed to be rebuilt .

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Warm-Up Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

Questions for Reconstruction

How should the Southern economy and society be rebuilt ?

support
What should be done to former enslaved people?

How should states be readmitted ?

What should the punishment be for Confederate leaders?

Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
presidential
• Describe the plans for Reconstruction.

Congress
• Examine the response by to presidential

plans for Reconstruction.

plans
• Compare and contrast the presidential and congressional

Reconstruction
for , and analyze their effects.

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Warm-Up Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

W Words to Know
2K
Write the letter of the definition next to the matching word as you work through
the lesson. You may use the glossary to help you.

C
disenfranchised A. law used by a military government occupying
an area

A martial law B. the power of one branch of government to

reject a proposal from another branch of
government
D
repudiate
C. the act of being denied the right to vote

D. the act of refusing to be associated with a

E vagrancy
specific action, event, or responsibility

B E. the laws that were passed regarding specific

veto actions, such as loitering

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Instruction Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

How did Presidential Reconstruction and Radical Reconstruction differ?

? Lesson
Question

Slide

2 Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was called the Ten Percent Plan .

10%
• Readmitted any state in which of the population

swore a loyalty to the Union

• Required states to abolish slavery

• pardoned Confederates who swore loyalty to the Union

A moderate plan was designed to reunite the nation quickly.

“With malice toward none, with charity for all . . . let us strive on to

finish the work we are in, to bind up the

Nations
nation’s wounds
wounds .”
− Abraham Lincoln,
Second Inaugural Address, 1865

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Instruction Presidential and Radical Reconstruction
Slide

2 Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Representative Henry
• Proposed by senator Benjamin Wade and

Henry Winter Davis

• Required 50% of each state’s white males to swear loyalty to Union

• Passed by Congress, vetoed , or rejected, by President Lincoln

1. No person who has held . . . any office, civil or military . . . shall

vote for or be a member of

the legislature,
the legislature, or governor
or Governor .

2. Involuntary servitude is forever prohibited .

state
3. No debt . . . shall be recognized or paid by the state .

− Wade-Davis Bill, 1864

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Slide

4 Republican Divide

The Republican Party split over how to approach Reconstruction in the

South.

Moderate Radical
Republicans sided Republicans believed

with Lincoln. the South should be punished .

• Hoped for immediate • Concerned leniency

reconciliation would encourage slavery to continue

• Threatened to deny congressional

• Believed that too much change would
representation for Southern states
create conflict

Lincoln’s Assassination

On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was fatally shot at Ford’s Theatre

in Washington, DC.

• it doesnt show was the assassin.

• Lincoln died the next morning.

Andrew Johnson
• Vice President was sworn into office

as president.

doesnt say
• Booth and his co-conspirators were tracked down and .

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Slide

4 Andrew Johnson (1808–1875)

• Was born into poverty in North Carolina; eventually moved to Tennessee and

opened a tailor shop

• Entered into politics and became a senator from Tennessee

• Remained in Senate when Southern states seceded

vice president
• Became in 1864 and president in 1865

Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction

Johnson’s plan kept most of Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan.

The plan disfranchised (denied the right to vote) military officers

$20,000
and those who owned property worth over .

pardons
• Could petition for – Johnson eventually pardoned

13,000 people

• Immediately pardoned those who owned not shown

Conventions
• Called for state to establish new governments

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Slide

4 Circle the Confederate states.

The United States
after the Civil War

Union

Confederate

Border

Territories

Readmission of the States

To qualify for readmittance, states had to:

ratify Thirteenth
• the Amendment, which

abolished slavery.

war debts
• repudiate, or refuse to be associated with, .

renounce
• acts of secession .

On December 6, 1865, Johnson announced that the Union was restored .

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Instruction Presidential and Radical Reconstruction
Slide

4 Circle US territories.

The United States December 1865

7 Government in the New South

Elections were held to reestablish government in the South.

• Many who were elected to state legislature came from the

Disenfranchised elite
.

Power had been returned to the planter aristocracy .

Johnson did not call for new elections.

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Slide

7 Black Codes
Black Codes were established by new legislatures of readmitted states.

These codes restricted rights and freedoms of African

Americans.

• Limited the property African Americans could own

• Limited the type of employment African Americans could

engage in

• Established strict vagrancy which were passed

regarding specific actions, such as loitering

• Required labor contracts and proof of employment

punishment
• Set for failing to follow laws

They were typically enforced by the state militia and police.

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Slide

9 Congressional Reconstruction

Denied
Passed the
Southern Response Tenure of office act
congressmen of Congress

their seats

Passed the Passed

Civil Rights act of Fourteenth
1866 amendment

Established
martial law

in the South

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Slide

9 The Civil Rights Act of 1866

• Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States

• Outlined the rights that were granted to all male citizens of the United

States – including former enslaved people

• vetoed by President Johnson

• Overturned when the act passed both houses of Congress with a

two-thirds majority vote

Reconstruction Act of 1867

divided the south
The 1867 Reconstruction Act into five different

martial law
military districts and established .

It granted Southern states readmission to the Union upon compliance.

• Initially did not comply

Congress passed additional acts that allowed military personnel to

oversee elections
and register voters .

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Slide

9 Label the five military districts.

Southern Military Districts

Military District 1
Military District 2

VA
Military District 4
NC
AK SC
TX MI AL GA
LA
FL
Military District 5
Military District 3

Johnson vs. the Radicals

greater rights
The Radical Republicans were pushing for to be

granted to former enslaved persons.

Johnson opposed extending rights any further.

twenty
• He vetoed Reconstruction bills.

overturned
• Several vetoes were with a two-thirds majority vote.

The tension that built over Johnson’s term as president would lead to his

impeachment .

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Slide

11 Tenure of Office Act

The act was passed to restrict President Johnson’s powers.

It prohibited him from removing presidential appointees without

Senate approval .

Johnson suspended (and then later fired) Secretary of War

Edwin Stanton .

• Stanton opposed Johnson’s Reconstruction policies

Johnson’s Impeachment

In 1868, Congress attempted to remove Johnson from office.

Official reasons for impeachment:

violating tenure of office

• Act

Criticizing
• Congress

• abusing presidential powers

In a final vote of 35 to 19, Johnson kept his position.

• One vote short of a two-thirds majority

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Slide

15 The Reconstruction Amendments

Amendments ratified after the

Civil War

Deal specifically with

slavery
and

granting rights to freed

enslaved persons and

African Americans

The Thirteenth Amendment

The Thirteenth Amendment declared that slavery would not

within the United States or anywhere within its jurisdiction.

• involuntary servitude could still exist as

punishment
for a crime.

It was ratified on December 6, 1865 .

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Slide

15 Debate Over the Thirteenth Amendment

Democrats
Republicans

• Wanted a complete end to the • Pushed for the reinstatement of

states rights
institution of slavery

• Would allow states to choose to

• Wished to include discrimination
continue the institution of slavery
prohibit
clauses that would

discrimination against

African Americans

17 The Fourteenth Amendment

• Defined citizenship as anyone born in the United States

liberty
• Prohibited states from denying inherent rights to life, ,

and property without due process of the law

• Could not deny individuals equal protection of the law

• Ratified on July 9, 1868

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Slide

17 The Fifteenth Amendment

suffrage
• Guaranteed for all male citizens in the United States

• Ratified on February 3, 1870

Southern states found ways to resist the amendment.

poll taxes
• literacy tests and

oulawed
Not fully enacted until 1965 when these practices were

• voting rights act of 1965

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Summary Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

? Lesson How did Presidential Reconstruction and Radical Reconstruction

Question differ?

Answer

Presidential Reconstruction was the approach that promoted

more leniency towards the South regarding plans for
readmission to the Union. Congressional Reconstruction
blamed the South and wanted retribution for causing the Civil
War.

Slide

2 Review: Presidential Reconstruction: Lincoln

Sought swift fast of the Union

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan required that:

• No of the voters in the 1860 election swear an oath of

They came to the Union.

good
• slavery be in all states.

His assassination left the plans for Reconstruction up for slaves .

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Summary Presidential and Radical Reconstruction
Slide

2 Review: Presidential Reconstruction: Johnson

Johnson built upon Lincoln’s plan by adding that:

them with
• They built officers and those who owned

buy it
worth over $20,000 could not .

He angered Congress by it all over

again so they quit .

Review: Johnson and Reconstruction

During Presidential Reconstruction, No one was and were passed in order

to in the rights of African Americans.

Congress responded by passing Radical Reconstruction measures.

• they were Southern congressmen their seats

question and the argued

• Passed the

worked together
• Established

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Summary Presidential and Radical Reconstruction
Slide

2 Review: Johnson’s Impeachment

• Johnson tried to block Congress’s actions by asnwering legislation.

actually right
• Many of his vetoes were .

• Johnson angered Congress by attempting to fire Secretary of War

scared of them .

• Congress tried to remove him from office; they were by one vote.

Review: Reconstruction Amendments

even targed them to win
Dealt specifically with slavery and to former enslaved

persons and African Americans

they cared
13th Amendment –

14th Amendment – defined everyone and established

laws under the under the under law for citizens

and
15th Amendment – extended rights to people citizens

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Summary Presidential and Radical Reconstruction

Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

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