4º ESO

HOJA 1: RESOLUCIÓN DE ECUACIONES

MAT. ACAD.

• ECUACIONES BICUADRADAS
7 ± 49 − 48 7 ± 1 x 2 = 4 → x = ±2
a) x 4 − 7 x 2 + 12 = 0 → x 2 = = =
2 2 x2 = 3 → x = ± 3

2 1 1
− 15 ± 225 + 64 − 15 ± 17 x2 = = → x = ±
b) 4x + 15x − 4 = 0 → x =
4 2 2
= = 8 4 2
8 8
x 2 = −4 < 0 → No da solución

x2 = 0 → x = 0
(
c) x 4 − 4x 2 = 0 → x 2 x 2 − 4 = 0 → )
x 2 − 4 = 0 → x 2 = 4 → x = ±2

25 ± 625 − 576 25 ± 7 x 2 = 16 → x = ±4
d) x 4 − 25x 2 + 144 = 0 → x 2 = = =
2 2 x 2 = 9 → x = ±3

x5 = 0 → x = 0
(
e) x 10 − x 5 = 0 → x 5 x 5 − 1 = 0 → )
x5 − 1 = 0 → x5 = 1 → x = 1

64
f) 4x 4 − 64 = 0 → x 4 = = 16 → x = ±2
4

x2 = 0 → x = 0
(
g) x 4 + x 2 = 0 → x 2 x 2 + 1 = 0 → )
x 2 + 1 = 0 → x 2 = −1 < 0 → No da solución

h) x 4 + 16 = 0 → x 4 = −16 < 0 → No da solución

1 1
i) (3x2 – 1) (x2 + 3) – (2x2 + 1) (x2 – 3) = 4x2 → (3x4 + 9x2 – x2 - 3) – (2x4 – 6x2 + x2 - 3) = 4x2 →
4 4

3x 4 + 8x 2 − 3
→ − 2x 4 + 5x 2 + 3 = 4x 2 → 3x4 + 8x2 – 3 – 8x4 + 20x2 + 12 = 16x2 → -5x4 + 12x2 + 9 = 0 →
4

6 3
− 12 ± 144 + 180 − 12 ± 18 x2 = − = − < 0 → No da solución
→ x2 = = = 10 5
− 10 − 10
x2 = 3 → x = ± 3

x 4 5x 2 5 ± 25 + 144 5 ± 13 x 2 = 9 → x = ±3
j) − − 9 = 0 → x 4 − 5x 2 − 36 = 0 → x 2 = = =
4 4 2 2 x 2 = −4 < 0 → No da solución

2 1 1
47x2 − 7 ± 49 + 32 − 7 ± 9 x2 = = → x = ±
k) x + = 2 → 2x + 7 x − 4 = 0 → x =
4 2 2
= = 4 2 2
2 4 4
x 2 = −4 < 0 → No da solución

1
 8 1 1
x2 = = →x=±
7x2 1 7 ± 49 − 48 7 ± 1 24 3 3
l) x 4 − + = 0 → 12x 4 − 7 x 2 + 1 = 0 → x 2 = = =
12 12 24 24 6 1 1
x2 = = →x=±
24 4 2

15 ± 225 + 64 15 ± 17 x 4 = 16 → x = ±2
m) x 8 − 15x 4 − 16 = 0 → x 4 = = =
2 2 x 4 = −1 < 0 → No da solución

− 7 ± 49 + 32 − 7 ± 9 x3 = 1 → x = 1
n) x6 + 7x3 – 8 = 0 → x 3 = = =
2 2 x 3 = −8 → x = −2

9 ± 81 − 32 9 ± 7 x3 = 8 → x = 2
o) x 6 − 9x 3 + 8 = 0 → x 3 = = =
2 2 x3 = 1 → x = 1

3
5 ± 25 − 16 5 ± 3 x3 = 4 → x = 4
p) x 6 − 5x 3 + 4 = 0 → x 3 = = =
2 2 x3 = 1 → x = 1

• ECUACIONES POLINÓMICAS
x 4 − 1 = 0 → x 4 = 1 → x = ±1
( 4
)(
a) x − 1 · x + x + 1 = 0 →
4 2
) −1± 1− 4
x 4 + x2 + 1 = 0 → x2 = → No da solución
2

b) x 5 + 2x 3 − 15x = 0

x=0
(
→ x x 4 + 2x 2 − 15 = 0 → ) x 4 + 2x 2 − 15 = 0 → x 2 =
− 2 ± 4 + 60 − 2 ± 8
= →
x2 = 3 → x = ± 3
2 2 x 2 = −5 < 0 → No da solución

x4 + 2 3± 9−8 3±1 x2 = 2 → x = ± 2
c) = x 2 → x4 + 2 = 3x2 → x4 – 3x2 + 2 = 0 → x 2 = = =
3 2 2 x 2 = 1 → x = ±1

12 ± 144 − 128 12 ± 4 x 2 = 8 → x = ±2 2
d) − 5x 2 + 4x 4 + 20 = 3x 4 − 12 + 7 x 2 → x4 – 12x2 + 32 = 0 → x 2 = = =
2 2 x 2 = 4 → x = ±2

e) − 3x 3 + x 4 + 30 = −9x + 13x 2 → x4 – 3x3 – 13x2 + 9x + 30 = 0 → (x + 2) (x – 5) (x2 – 3) = 0 →

1 -3 -13 9 30 x + 2 = 0 → x = −2
-2 -2 10 6 -30 → x−5 = 0 → x = 5
1 -5 -3 15 0
x2 − 3 = 0 → x = ± 3
5 5 0 -15
1 0 -3 0
x + 1 = 0 → x = −1
f) x − 6 = 5x − 2x → x + 2x - 5x - 6 = 0 → (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 3) = 0 → x − 2 = 0 → x = 2
3 2 3 2

x + 3 = 0 → x = −3

1 2 -5 -6 x2 + x – 6 = 0
-1 -1 -1 6 − 1 ± 1 + 24 −1 ±5 2
x= = =
1 1 -6 0 2 2 −3

2
 x=0
g) x 3 = −x − 2x 2 → x3 + 2x2 + x = 0 → x (x2 + 2x + 1) = 0 → x (x + 1)2 = 0 →
(x + 1)2 = 0 → x + 1 = 0 → x = −1

h) x 4 − 4x 3 + 3 = 4x − 4x 2 → x4 – 4x3 + 4x2 - 4x + 3 = 0 → (x – 1) (x – 3) (x2 + 1) = 0

1 -4 4 -4 3 x −1 = 0 → x = 1
1 1 -3 1 -3 → x −3 = 0 → x = 3
1 -3 1 -3 0 x 2 + 1 = 0 → x 2 = −1 < 0 → No da solución
3 3 0 3
1 0 1 0

• ECUACIONES CON RADICALES

a) 4x + 1 − 2x + 5 = x + 2 → 4x + 1 = 3x − 3 → ( 4x + 1 )
2
= (3x − 3)2 → 4x + 1 = 9x 2 − 18x + 9 →

2
22 ± 484 − 288 22 ± 14
→ 9x 2 − 22x + 8 = 0 → x = = = 8 4
18 18 =
18 9

COMPROBACIÓN:

x = 2 → 3 − 4 + 5 = 2 + 2 → 4 = 4 → SI es solución

4 5 8 4 15 − 8 + 45 4 + 18 52 22
x= → − +5 = +2 → = → = → NO es solución
9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9

b) 3x − 2x + 3 = 6 → 3x − 6 = 2x + 3 → (3x − 6)2 = ( 2x + 3 ) 2
→ 9x 2 − 36x + 36 = 2x + 3 →

3
38 ± 1444 − 1188 38 ± 16
→ 9x 2 − 38x + 33 = 0 → x = = = 22 11
18 18 =
18 9

COMPROBACIÓN:

x = 3 → 9 − 3 = 6 → 6 = 6 → SI es solución

11 11 7 4
x= → − = 6 → = 6 → NO es solución
9 3 3 3

c) 5x + 5 = 33 − 2x → ( 5x + 5 ) = ( 33 − 2x )
2 2
→ 5x + 5 = 33 − 2x → 7 x = 28 → x = 4

COMPROBACIÓN:

x = 4 → 5 = 5 → SI es solución

d) 4x + 1 − 6x − 1 = 0 → 4x + 1 = 6x − 1 → ( 4x + 1 ) = ( 6x − 1 )
2 2
→ 4x + 1 = 6x − 1 → 2x = 2 → x = 1

COMPROBACIÓN:

x = 1 → 5 − 5 = 0 → SI es solución

3
e) x 2 − 2x + 3x − 6 = 0 → x 2 − 2x = − 3x − 6 → (x 2
− 2x ) = (−
2
3x − 6 )
2
→ x 2 − 2x = 3x − 6 →

5 ± 25 − 24 5 ± 1 3
→ x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 → x = = =
2 2 2

COMPROBACIÓN:

x = 3 → 3 + 3 = 0 → 2 3 = 0 → NO es solución

x = 2 → 0 + 0 = 0 → 0 = 0 → SI es solución

f) 4x − 2 x = 12 → 4x − 12 = 2 x → 2x − 6 = x → (2x − 6)2 = ( x) 2
→ 4x 2 − 24x + 36 = x →

4
25 ± 625 − 576 25 ± 7
→ 4x 2 − 25x + 36 = 0 → x = = = 18 9
8 8 =
8 4

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = 4 → 16 − 4 = 12 → 12 = 12 → SI es solución

9
x= → 4 − 3 = 12 → 1 = 12 → NO es solución
4

g) 2x + 2 − 4x − 3 = 5x − 4 → ( 2x + 2 − 4x − 3 ) = ( 5x − 4 )
2 2
→ 2x + 2 − 2 (2x + 2) (4x − 3) + 4x − 3 = 5x − 4 →

(
→ x + 3 = 2 8x 2 − 6x + 8x − 6 → (x + 3)2 = 2 8x 2 + 2x − 6 )
2
→ x 2 + 6x + 9 = 32x 2 + 8x − 24 →

1
− 2 ± 4 + 4092 − 2 ± 64
→ 31x + 2x − 33 = 0 → x =
2
= = 66 33
62 62 − =−
62 31

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = 1 → 2 − 1 = 1 → 1 = 1 → SI es solución

33 35
x=− → − → NO es solución
31 31

h) 2x + 1 − x = 1 → 2x + 1 = 1 + x → ( 2x + 1 ) = (1 + x )
2 2
→ 2x + 1 = 1 + 2 x + x → x = 2 x → x 2 = 2 x ( )
2
→

x=0
→ x 2 = 4x → x 2 − 4x = 0 → x (x − 4 ) = 0 →
x−4=0→x =4

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = 0 → 1 − 0 = 1 → 1 = 1 → SI es solución

x = 4 → 3 − 2 = 1 → 1 = 1 → SI es solución

i)
4x + 5
5
−5 =
3x
5
− 3 → 4x + 5 − 25 = 3x − 15 → 4x + 5 = 3x + 10 → ( 4x + 5 )
2
= (3x + 10 )2 →

56 ± 3136 − 3420 56 ± − 284

→ 4x + 5 = 9x 2 + 60x + 100 → 9x 2 + 56x + 95 = 0 → x = = → NO da solución
18 18
4
j) 3 − x − x + 15 = x + 6 → ( 3−x − x + 15 ) =(
2
x+6 )
2
→3−x−2 (3 − x ) (x + 15) + x + 15 = x + 6 →

(
→ −2 3x + 45 − x 2 − 15x = x − 12 → − 2 45 − x 2 − 12x ) 2
( )
= (x − 12)2 → 4 45 − x 2 − 12x = x 2 − 24x + 144 →

→ 180 − 4x 2 − 48x = x 2 − 24x + 144 → 5x 2 + 24x − 36 = 0 →

12 6
− 24 ± 576 + 720 − 24 ± 36 =
→x= = = 10 5
10 10
−6

COMPROBACIÓN:

6 9 81 36 3 9 6 6 6
x= → − = → − = →− = → NO es solución
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

x = −6 → 3 − 3 = 0 → 0 = 0 → SI es solución

k)
x +1
3
+ 5 = 4x + 5 →
x+1
3
=
 x +1 
4x + 5 − 5 → 
 3
 =

( 4x + 5 − 5 )
2
→
x +1
3
= 4x + 5 − 10 4x + 5 + 25 →
 

x +1
→ = 4x + 30 − 10 4x + 5 → x + 1 = 12x + 90 − 30 4x + 5 → 30 4x + 5 = 11x + 89 →
3

(
→ 30 4x + 5 )
2
= (11x + 89 )2 → 900 (4x + 5) = 121x 2 + 1958x + 7921 →

11
1642 ± 1020
→ 3600x + 4500 = 121x + 1958x + 7921 → 121x − 1642x + 3421 = 0 → x =
2 2
= 622 311
242 =
242 121

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = 11 → 2 + 5 = 7 → 7 = 7 → SI es solución

311 432 1849 144 1849 12 43 67 43

x= → +5 = → +5 = → +5 = → = → NO es solución
121 363 121 121 121 11 11 11 11

l) 1 − x − 2x + 10 = 0 → 1 − x = 2x + 10 → ( 1 − x ) = ( 2x + 10 )
2 2
→ 1 − x = 2x + 10 → 3x = −9 → x = −3

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = −3 → 2 − 2 = 0 → 0 = 0 → SI es solución

m) 3
3x + 5 − 2 = 0 → 3 3x + 5 = 2 → ( 3x + 5 )
3
3
= 2 3 → 3x + 5 = 8 → 3x = 3 → x = 1

COMPROBACIÓN:
x = 1 → 2 − 2 = 0 → 0 = 0 → SI es solución

n) 3 3x + 4 − 2x = 5 → 3 3x + 4 = 5 + 2x → 3 3x + 4 ( )
2
= (5 + 2x )2 → 27 x + 36 = 25 + 20x + 4x 2 →

5
 22 11
7 ± 49 + 176 7 ± 15 =
→ 4x 2 − 7 x − 11 = 0 → x = = = 8 4
8 8
−1

COMPROBACIÓN:
11 21 11 10
x= → − =5→ = 5 → 5 = 5 → SI es solución
4 2 2 2

x = −1 → 3 + 2 = 5 → 5 = 5 → SI es solución

• ECUACIONES CON LA X EN EL DENOMINADOR

4 − 3x 4 − 5x 4x(2x − 1) 3x − 4 4 − 5x 8x 2 − 4x
a) − = 2 → − = →
2−x x −1 x − 3x + 2 x −2 x −1 (x − 2) (x − 1)

3± 9−8 3±1 2
x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0 → x = = =
2 2 1

(3x − 4) (x − 1) (4 − 5x ) (x − 2) 8x 2 − 4x
→ − = → 3x 2 − 3x − 4x + 4 − 4x + 8 + 5x 2 − 10x = 8x 2 − 4x →
(x − 2) (x − 1) (x − 1)(x − 2) (x − 2) (x − 1)

12
→ 17 x = 12 → x =
17

b)
(x − 1)2 − (x − 2)2 +
x +1 x −1
= →
x 2 − 2x + 1 − x 2 + 4x − 4 x + 1 x − 1
+ = →
x2 − 1 x −1 x +1 (x + 1)(x − 1) x −1 x +1

→
2x − 3
+
(x + 1) 2
=
(x − 1) 2
3 1
→ 2x − 3 + x 2 + 2x + 1 = x 2 − 2x + 1 → 6x = 3 → x = =
(x + 1)(x − 1) (x − 1)(x + 1) (x + 1)(x − 1) 6 2

c)
3x 2 − 2x
+
1
= x −1 →
(
2x 3x 2 − 2x
+
)
3x + 1
=
(x − 1)2x (3x + 1)
( )
→ 6x 3 − 4x 2 + 3x + 1 = 2x 2 − 2x (3x + 1) →
3x + 1 2x 2x (3x + 1) 2x (3x + 1) 2x (3x + 1)

1
→ 6x 3 − 4x 2 + 3x + 1 = 6x 3 + 2x 2 − 6x 2 − 2x → 5x = −1 → x = −
5

x+3 x+4 x+6 x+7 (x + 3) (x + 5) (x + 4 )2 = (x + 6)(x + 8) − (x + 7 )2 →

d) − = − → −
x+4 x+5 x+7 x+8 (x + 4 ) (x + 5) (x + 4)(x + 5) (x + 7 )(x + 8) (x + 7 )(x + 8)

x 2 + 8x + 15 − x 2 − 8x − 16 x 2 + 14x + 48 − x 2 − 14x − 49 −1 −1
→ = → 2 = 2 →
x + 9x + 20
2
x + 15x + 56
2
x + 9x + 20 x + 15x + 56

→ x 2 + 9x + 20 = x 2 + 15x + 56 → 6x = −36 → x = −6

2x + 1 2 + 3x 4 6x + 1 2 + 3x 4 6x + 1 2x + 1 2 + 3x 12 + 6x + 1 − 6x − 3
e) + = + → = + − → = →
5 2x + 3 5 15 2x + 3 5 15 5 2x + 3 15

2 + 3x 10 2 + 3x 2
→ = → = → 6 + 9x = 4 x + 6 → 5x = 0 → x = 0
2x + 3 15 2x + 3 3

6
f)
x
+
x + 1 13
= →
x2
+
(x + 1)2 = 13 → x 2 + x 2 + 2x + 1 = 13 → 2x 2 + 2x + 1 = 13 →
x +1 x 6 x (x + 1) x (x + 1) 6 x2 + x 6 x2 + x 6

− 1 ± 1 + 24 − 1 ± 5 2
→ 12x 2 + 12x + 6 = 13x 2 + 13x → x 2 + x − 6 = 0 → x = = =
2 2 − 3

x −3 x +3 x −2 x −3 x −2 x +3 −1 x +3
g) − = − = → = → 3 − x = x 2 + 6x + 9 → x 2 + 7 x + 6 = 0 →
x +3 x −3 x +3 x +3 x +3 x −3 x +3 x−3

− 7 ± 49 − 24 − 7 ± 5 −1
→x= = =
2 2 −6

3x 1 4 3x 2+x 4x 2 1
h) − + =0→ − + = 0 → 3x − 2 − x + 4x = 0 → 6x = 2 → x = =
2x + x 2
x 2+x 2x + x 2
x (2 + x ) x (2 + x ) 6 3