TOPOGRAPHICAL SHEETS

Ms. Pariyatri Basu.

SCALES PRESENT IN THE MAP

A SCALE OF A MAP IS THE RATIO BETWEEN THE MAP DISTANCE TO

THE GROUND DISTANCE .

FOR EXAMPLE : 2CM=1KM , WHICH MEANS 2CM 0N THE MAP IS

EQUAL TO 1KM ON THE GROUND.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF SCALE :

1. STATEMENT OR VERBAL SCALE . EG. 2 CM = 1 KM .

2. REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION ( R.F. SCALE) EG.: 1:50000 It

means 1 unit on the map is equal to 50000 units on the ground. It is the most
widely used scale as it does not have any unit and we can use any unit suitable
for us . Universal scale .

3. LINEAR SCALE OR GRAPHICAL SCALE : IT IS THE GRAPHICAL

REPRESENTATION OF MAP SCALE.
EASTINGS AND NORTHINGS : FOUR FIGURE GRID REFERENCE

1. The number of eastings increases from left to right . Such as 26,27,28….

2. The number of northings increases from bottom to top .

3. Grid squares are formed by the interaction of northings and eastings .

DIRECTIONS IN A MAP

To find out the direction of one settlement from another or from one point to
another use only these 8 caridnal directions . For eg. What is the compass
direction of Dantiwada from Kheda ? Ans: North-east .

AREA OF A GIVEN MAP :

Area of one grid square :

Length = 2cm or 1 km

Breadth = 2cm or 1 km

Area = Length x breadth = 1km x 1km = 1 km2

Q. Find out the area between eastings 70 to 75 and northings 10 to 15 ?

Eastings = 70 to 75 = 5 km

Northings = 10 to 15 = 5 km

Area = 5km x 5km = 25 km2 (note if unit is not given properly then zero)

MEASUREMENT OF DIRECT DISTANCE :

To measure direct distance take a ruler and measure the centre point of one
settlement to the point of the other settlement. It is also known as crow flying
distance or shortest distance.