SERVICE PROTECTOR

AND SCALE
 SERVICE PROTECTOR

 Constant need to find distance and

direction .
 Is used for plotting and measuring bearing
and distances .
 An essential link between compass and map
.
 Magnetic bearing converted to grid bearing
through service protector .
 DEFINITION

“ An instrument by which bearing and back

bearing are read out on the map and also
for working grid references on the map ”

Types
1. Circular

2. Semicircular

3. Rectangular
CIRCULAR
Semi circular
RECTANGULAR
 RECTANGULAR

 Degrees marked clockwise from left hand

bottom corner to right .
 Inner and outer set of figures .
 Center bottom zero edge
 Outer circle 0 to 180 degree and inner 190 to
360 degree
 WHY SERVICE PROTECTOR

 Measure distances .
 Read and plot bearing .
 Find GR of any point .
 Use ad construct scale lines .
 measure angles.
 Draw lines .
 SCALE

 The horizontal distance on ground and in

between two features on ground are shown on the
maps and sketches in proportion method is called
scale.
 If actual distance known scale of map can be
found .
 Once scale known distance between any to
points on ground can be known .

 Metric scale on map commonly used are

1/25,000 , 1/50,000 , 1/ 100,000 and 1 / 250,000
 TYPES OF SCALE

 Small
 Medium scale
 Large scale
 EXPRESSING A SCALE

 BY STATEMENT
 Like “ so many centimeters to so many meters ”

 BY REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (RF)

 Distance expressed in fractions or the ratio of
the corresponding distances on the ground thus
if 2 Cms on map equals 1 kms on ground .
 Every distance on map is 1/50,000of the
distance on ground since there are 100,000 Cms
in one Kms
 Is independent of the units of
measurements .
 Map distance in RF is always 1 it could be
yards , meters etc ….
 Ground distance between two points is
measurement of distance between same
points on map multiplied by denominator on
RF

 If map has no RF or scale I should be

determined . There are two methods for this
 COMPARISON WITH GROUND
DISTANCE
 Measure determine MD and GD

 RF = 1/x = MD/GD

 Measurement should be in same units .

 Comparison with other map
 Measure distances between two points in the
map with no RF.
 Measure same points on a map with RF.
 Determine GD which is common .
 Now using GD and MD from 1st map

 RF = 1/x = MD/GD
 MD = GD / denominator of RF
 BY SCALE LINES
 Scale is also expressed by actual scale line
which is expressed by two methods .
 Fully divided scale line
 Open divided scale line
 SCALES USED DURING
OPERATIONS
Time and distance are two important factors
while planning operations .
TIME SCALE
a. to know the time required to reach a
point.
b. to know at a particular point where will
be the troops .
c. calculate moments in remote areas
d. calculate movement of MT convoys .
 SCALE OF PACES
 Where distances are small.
 And needs to be quickly measured .

 Useful in preparing sketches .

 Not very accurate so needs to be mentioned .

 Average paces in 100 yards can be transferred to

map
 Concede ration of terrain and length of paces
important .
 Pebble count , knots , marking in notebook etc
CONDITIONS EFFECTING PACES

 Slopes .
 Winds.
 Surfaces
 Elements
 Clothing
 Visibility
 DIAGONAL SCALE