MADAM E.

TAVASURIA D/O ELANGOVAN, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

UiTM Perak Branch, Tapah Campus.

1.1
Introduction 1.2
to Branches in
Biology biology
1.3
Characteristics
of life

SYLLABUS
CONTENT: 1.4
Hierarchy of
CHAPTER 1 Biological
Organization

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 CHAPTER 1 :

1.1 Introduction to Biology

1.2 Branches in biology
1.2.1 Major Branches: Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Genetics,
Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry
1.3 Characteristics of life
1.3.1 Organized structure, composed of cells, feed, respire, growth and
development, locomotion, homeostasis, response to surrounding, adaptation to
environment, excrete wastes, reproduce, evolutionary adaptation
1.4 Hierarchy of Biological Organization
1.4.1 Atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-
organism- population- community- ecosystem-
biosphere

LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
W
E Construct a hierarchy of biological organization,
E including levels characteristics of individual organisms
K and ecological systems
 by providing examples at various levels of complexity
- in interactions among biological systems that
2 illustrates the independence of these systems.

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 1.4

1. Life can be studied at

different levels - molecules
to the entire living planet

2. The study of life can be

divided into different levels of
biological organization
 known as Hierarchy of
Biological Organization
 is a system - a
combination of
components that form
a more complex
organization

BIOSPHERE LARGE

ECOSYSTEM

LEVEL of COMMUNITY Hierarchy of

Biological POPULATION
Biological
organization
Organization ORGANISM
classified into :

• Chemical
ORGAN SYSTEM level
• Cellular
ORGAN
level
• Ecological
TISSUE
level
CELLS

MOLECULES

ATOM SMALL

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 LEVEL DEFINITION
Biosphere The part of earth that contains all ecosystems
Community and its nonliving surroundings (Ex – all the plants, animals, bacteria, fungi
Ecosystem plus the air, water, and temperature of Deer Park).

Populations that live together in a defined area (Ex – the humans, trees, grasses,
Community bacteria, squirrels, mice….. Living in Deer Park.)

Group of organism of one type that live in the same area (Ex – all the humans living
Population in Deer Park).
Individual living thing (animal/ plant/ microorganism) that is capable of reproduction,
Organism growth and maintenance.

Organ system Group of organs working together to perform as a whole

Organ Group of different tissues working together to perform a particular function

Tissue Group of similar cells that organized to carry out one or more particular functions

Smallest functional unit of life that has the ability to live and reproduce independently
Cell (unicellular) or as part of a multicellular organism
Molecules Groups of atoms
Atom Element

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TISSUES

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 ORGANS

ORGANS AND ORGAN

SYSTEMS
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ORGAN SYSTEMS

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 ORGANISMS

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 C
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S Example of a community in a koi pond : amoeba, nematode,
spirulina, aquatic plants, koi fishes

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OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION

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 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE
CORRELATED AT ALL LEVELS
OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

 Structure and function of living organisms are closely related

 For example, a leaf is thin and flat, maximizing the capture of light
by chloroplasts

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 REFERENCES
 Audesirk, G., Audesirk, T., and Byers, B. E., Biology: Life on Earth with
physiology, (9 th edition). Boston: Benjamin Cummings.
 Mader, S. S. (2011). Concepts of Biology (2nd edition). New York: McGraw-
Hill .
 Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V., Jackson, R.
B. (2011). Campbell Biology (9th edition). Boston: Benjamin Cummings /
Pearson.
 Solomon, E. P., Berg, L. R., & Martin, D. W. (2011). Biology (9th ed.). Belmont,
CA: Brooks/Cole.

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