FORMULAS (Statistical Inference)

T-test for a single sample:

X 
t
S
n
df  n  1

For two independent samples means :( Note: Unpaired sample)

t
X 1  X2 
S12  n1  1  S2 2  n2  1 1 1
 
n1  n2  1 n1 n2

T-test for difference of two related samples: (Note: for paired sample)

d D
t
Sd
n
df  n  1

Chi-square goodness-of-fit test (Note: for one categorical variable)

 fo  fe 
2

x2  
fe

Chi-square test of independence: (Note: for 2 or more categorical variable)

 fo  fe  .
2

x 2  
fe