Faculty of science and health

Biology department
Third stage

Name of experiment: dissolved oxygen.

Prepare by: roshna bestun

Supervisor: Mrs. hanaa ali

(2023-2024)
Introduction

The necessity of oxygen for terrestrial living is well known, but it also has a
significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. Even though fish don't have lungs, they still
need a small quantity of oxygen to breathe and perform other basic tasks. They obtain
the dissolved oxygen, or DO, found in the water surrounding them, which is essential
for their survival. Aquatic plants, kelp, and algae that live at lower depths have
evolved to use a tiny amount of sunlight to carry out photosynthesis at greater depths,
in contrast to plants that float on the water's surface that release oxygen into the
atmosphere. These organisms in deep waters discharge oxygen into the water. At the
water's top, it is also diffused into the water from the atmosphere. The quantity of
oxygen in the ocean and other natural water sources is usually measured in parts per
million and is significantly less than that in the atmosphere. (ppm). The majority of
fish only need DO concentrations of five ppm or higher to live. However, bigger fish
require more oxygen than smaller fish, and the quantity and variety of plants and
animals present can affect DO levels within a particular aquatic environment. For
instance, 3 mg/l of DO is the ideal amount for shrimp culture. For intensive
aquaculture techniques, values greater than 5 mg/l are advised. Although five ppm
may not seem like much, DO depletion can have very negative consequences. Lack of
oxygen resources makes fish more susceptible to illness and infection, less effective at
converting food into energy, and less able to develop properly. They will ultimately
perish if oxygen levels drop below a certain point. Extremely high levels of DO are
typically the product of extensive plant photosynthesis. Fertilizer runoff frequently
leads to significant uncontrolled plant development, particularly algal bloom, which
can be harmful to aquaculture.
Procedure

1. We carefully added water to our flask until the top of the flask created a concave
surface.(without our bubbles).
2. Next, we put one pinch of manganese, one of alkaline iodide azide with safety
glass, one of NAOH, and one more pinch into the beaker. We then gave the
mixture a good shake until the sample turned brown.
3. Next, we added 2 ml of HCL using a dropper, which turned the sample's color
from brown to clear. (colorless).
4. We added starch to our water sample as an indicator, giving it a color that is blue.
5. To ensure an accurate result, we carefully transferred the sample into a different
container without air bubbles.
6. We titrated 4 ml of the material after preparing 36 ml of thiosulphate in the
burette.
Discussion
There are numerous components that can be found in drinking water, one of
which is dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen in water is the total amount of
oxygen that has already been dissolved in a water sample. When dissolved oxygen
is at the right concentration, aquatic ecosystems can thrive. On the other hand, too
little dissolved oxygen means that aquatic species might not have enough
dissolved oxygen to survive. The dissolved oxygen (DO) is oxygen that is
dissolved in water. The oxygen dissolves by diffusion from the surrounding air;
aeration of water that has tumbled over falls and rapids; and as a waste product of
photosynthesis. As dissolved oxygen in water is a crucial component for both
aquatic and terrestrial life, we measured the amount of dissolved oxygen in the
water sample in this experiment. First, we carefully poured the water we needed
for the experiment into a flask without any air bubbles that could affect our
measurement of DO in the sample. Next, we added one pinch of manganese to the
sample, which intract with oxygen in the water. After that, we added alkaline
iodide. which contains iodide and H+, the we added NAOH to make the medium
alkaline (after H+ ion was given to the water sample) oxidizes Mn+2 to Mn+4,
water sample turn into brown color if it contain oxygen. We put 2ml Hcl because
under acidic condition Mn+4 is capable of oxidizing iodide to free I2. We transfer
the sample into another container very carefully again avoiding air bubbles, then
we do a titration by using sodium thiosulphate which reduce free iodine.