Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Power Electronics Systems for Electric Vehicles (EE665)

Tutorial Questions-5

1. The single-phase half-bridge inverter in Fig. 1 has a load of RL = 40 Ω, L = 0.3 π H and the dc
√
input voltage is Vin = 500 2 V. The switches are operated with sinusoidal pulse width modulation
technique. The modulating voltage vm = 6 sin(100πt) V and the triangular carrier voltage (vc ) has
peak value of 10 V. The carrier frequency is 5 kHz. Determine: (a) The amplitude modulation index,
frequency modulation index and identify the type of modulation, (b) The instantaneous output voltage
at the fundamental frequency, (c) The instantaneous load current at the fundamental frequency, (d)
Identify the devices operation in one cycle, (e) The fundamental output active and reactive powers.

+
+
C1 Vin/2 S1 D1

RL io L
Vin _
vo +

+
S2
C2 Vin/2
D2
_
_

Figure 1: Single-phase half-bridge inverter.

2. Repeat the above problem for single-phase full-bridge inverter. Assume all parameters are same as
Fig. 1.

3. The single-phase full-bridge inverter in Fig. 2 has an RLC load with RL = 5 Ω, L = 9.55 mH and
C = 63.66 µF. The switches are operated with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The
modulating voltage vm = 0.8 sin(200πt) V and the triangular carrier voltage (vc ) has peak value of 2
V. The carrier frequency is 5 kHz. The inverter fundamental output frequency, fo = 100 Hz, and the
dc input voltage, Vin = 220 V. Determine: (a) The amplitude modulation index, frequency modulation
index and identify the type of modulation, (b) The instantaneous output voltage of inverter at the
fundamental frequency, (c) The instantaneous value of load terminal voltage at fundamental frequency,
(d) The instantaneous capacitor current and reactive power supply by capacitor at fundamental fre-
quency, (e) Identify the devices operation in one cycle, (f ) The fundamental load active and reactive
powers.
L io
1-ɸ +
Vin FB C RL vo
_
VSI

Figure 2: Single-phase full-bridge inverter.

4. Explain and draw all possible waveforms for sinusoidal-pulse width modulation used in single-phase
full bridge inverters, when reference and carrier signals do not meet at zero crossing point. Also, write
the expression for number of pulse per half cycle.

5. The single-phase full-bridge inverter in Fig. 3 has an RLC load with RL = 7 Ω, L = 11 mH and C = 67
µF. The switches are operated with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The modulating
voltage vm = 10 sin(200πt) V and the triangular carrier voltage (vc ) has peak value of 2 V. The carrier
frequency is 5 kHz. The inverter fundamental frequency, fo = 100 Hz, and the dc input voltage, Vin =
321 V. Determine: (a) The amplitude modulation index, frequency modulation index and identify the

1
 type of modulation, (b) The instantaneous output voltage of inverter at the fundamental frequency, (c)
The instantaneous value of load current at fundamental frequency, (d) Identify the devices operation
in one cycle, (e) The fundamental active and reactive powers delivered to the load.

+
+
Vin/2 S1 D1 S3 D3
_
RL io L C
Vin
vo _
+
+
S4 S2
Vin/2
D4 D2
_
_

Figure 3: Single-phase full-bridge inverter.

6. A single-phase full-bridge inverter controls the power in a resistive load. The nominal value of input
dc voltage is Vin = 440 V and a uniform pulse-width modulation with five pulse per half-cycle is
used. For the required control, the width of each pulse is 26◦ . (a) Determine the RMS voltage for
fundamental and fifth harmonics component of load. (b) If DC supply increases by 15%, determine (in
degrees) the pulse width to maintain the same fundamental load power. (c) If the maximum possible
pulse width is 32◦ , determine the minimum allowable limit of the dc input source to maintain same
RMS fundamental load voltage.

7. Consider a single-phase full bridge PWM inverter. The input voltage applied on inverter is 320 V.
The PWM inverter is operating at a carrier frequency of 8 kHz. It is desired to generate a sinusoidal
voltage having an rms value of 180 V at a fundamental frequency of 97 Hz. Determine: (a) The time
periods (T ) of fundamental and carrier signal, (b) The number of carrier cycles per fundamental cycle,
(c) The angular interval covered by one carrier period, (d) Derive an expression for duty cycle, (e)
Find the value of duty cycle at 30◦ .

8. The three-phase full bridge inverter has a star-connected load. The input voltage applied on inverter
is 700 V. The PWM inverter is operating at a carrier frequency of 20 kHz. It is desired to generate
a sinusoidal voltage having an rms value of 320 V at a fundamental frequency of 60 Hz. The inverter
switches are controlled by SPWM. Determine: (a) The instantaneous reference voltage for all phases,
(b) The output voltage at wt = 30◦ for all phases, (c) The duty ratio for all phases, (d) The turn ON
time for all switches.

9. The three-phase full bridge inverter in Fig. 4 has a star-connected load and each phase consists of
RL = 4 Ω, L = 10 mH, and C = 25 µF. The inverter switches are controlled by SPWM with output
fundamental frequency of fo = 60 Hz, and the dc input voltage, Vin = 220 V. The modulating voltage
vm = 6 sin(120πt) V and the triangular carrier voltage (vc ) has peak value of 2 V. The carrier frequency
is 5 kHz. Determine: (a) The instantaneous fundamental phase voltages and phase currents, (b) The
instantaneous fundamental line-to-line voltages and line currents, (c) The fundamental active and
reactive powers delivered to the load.

10. The three-phase full bridge inverter in Fig.4 has a star-connected load and each phase consists of
RL = 6.5 Ω, L = 12 mH, and C = 28.5 µF. The inverter switches are controlled by SPWM with
output fundamental frequency of fo = 70 Hz, and the dc input voltage, Vin = 280 V. The modulating
voltage vm = 6 sin(140πt) V and the triangular carrier voltage (vc ) has peak value of 10 V. The carrier
frequency is 5 kHz. Determine: (a) The instantaneous fundamental phase voltages and phase currents,
(b) The instantaneous fundamental line-to-line voltages and line currents, (c) The fundamental active
and reactive powers delivered to the load. (d) Draw the gate pattern for each pair of switches and also
draw the wave-form for each phase of output voltage.

2
+
+
Vin/2 S1 D1 S3 D3 S5 D5
_

Vin R Y B

iR iY iB
+
S4 S6 S2
Vin/2
D4 D6 D2
_
_

ZR ZY ZB

Figure 4: Three-phase bridge inverter.