Introduction to Signals and Systems

1. Which mathematical notation specifies the condition of periodicity for a continuous time signal ?
a. x(t) = x( t +T0)
b. x(n) = x( n+ N)
c. x(t) = e-αt
d. None of the above
2. Which property of delta function indicates the equality between the area under the product of function
with shifted impulse and the value of function located at unit impulse instant ?
a. Replication
b. Sampling
c. Scaling
d. Product
3. Which among the below specified conditions/cases of discrete time in terms of real constant 'a' ,
represents the double-sided decaying exponential signal?
a. a > 1
b. 0 < a < 1
c. a < -1
d. -1 < a < 0
4. Damped sinusoids are _____
a. sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials
b. sinusoid signals divided by growing exponentials
c. sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
d. sinusoid signals divided by decaying exponentials
5. An amplitude of sinc function that passes through zero at multiple values of an independent variable 'x'
______
a. decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
b. increases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
c. always remains constant irrespective of variation in magnitude of' x'
d. cannot be defined

6. A system is said to be shift invariant only if______

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a. a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
b. a shift in the input signal does not exhibit the corresponding shift in the output
c. a shifting level does not vary in an input as well as output
d. a shifting at input does not affect the output
7. Which condition determines the causality of the LTI system in terms of its impulse response ?
a. Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
b. Only if the value of an impulse response is unity for all negative values of time
c. Only if the value of an impulse response is infinity for all negative values of time
d. Only if the value of an impulse response is negative for all negative values of time
8. Under which conditions does an initially relaxed system become unstable ?
a. only if bounded input generates unbounded output
b. only if bounded input generates bounded output
c. only if unbounded input generates unbounded output
d. only if unbounded input generates bounded output
9. Which among the following are the stable discrete time systems?
1. y(n) = x(4n)
2. y(n) = x(-n)
3. y(n) = ax (n) + 8
4. y(n) = cos x(n)
a. 1 & 3
b. 2 & 4
c. 1, 3 & 4
d. 1,2,3 & 4

10. An equalizer used to compensate the distortion in the communication system by faithful recovery of
an original signal is nothing but an illustration of _________
a. static system
b. dynamic system
c. invertible system
d. none of the above

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11. Which block of the discrete time systems requires memory in order to store the previous input?
a. Adder
b. Signal Multiplier
c. Unit Delay
d. Unit Advance
12. Which type/s of discrete-time system do/does not exhibit the necessity of any feedback ?
a. Recursive Systems
b. Non-recursive Systems
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
13. Which among the following belongs to the category of non-recursive systems?
a. Causal FIR Systems
b. Non-causal FIR Systems
c. Causal IIR Systems
d. Non-causal IIR Systems
14. Recursive Systems are basically characterized by the dependency of its output on _______
a. Present input
b. Past input
c. Previous outputs
d. All of the above
15. What does the term y(-1) indicate especially in an equation that represents the behaviour of the causal
system?
a. initial condition of the system
b. negative initial condition of the system
c. negative feedback condition of the system
d. response of the system to its initial input
16. Which type of system response to its input represents the zero value of its initial condition?
a. Zero state response
b. Zero input response
c. Total response

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d. Natural response
17. Which is/are the essential condition/s to get satisfied for a recursive system to be linear?
a. Zero state response should be linear
b. Principle of Superposition should be applicable to zero input response
c. Total Response of the system should be addition of zero state & zero input responses
d. All of the above
18. Which among the following operations is/are not involved /associated with the computation process
of linear convolution?
a. Folding Operation
b. Shifting Operation
c. Multiplication Operation
d. Integration Operation
19. A LTI system is said to be initially relaxed system only if ____
a. zero input produces zero output
b. zero input produces non-zero output
c. zero input produces an output equal to unity
d. none of the above
20. What are the number of samples present in an impulse response called as?
a. string
b. array
c. length
d. element
21. Which are the only waves that correspond/ support the measurement of phase angle in the line
spectra?
a. Sine waves
b. Cosine waves
c. Triangular waves
d. Square waves
22. Double-sided phase & amplitude spectra _____
a. Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively
b. Possess an even & odd symmetry respectively

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c. Both possess an odd symmetry
d. Both possess an even symmetry
23. What does the first term 'a0' in the below stated expression of a line spectrum indicate?
x(t) = a0 + a1 cos w0 t + a2 cos2 w0t +......+ b1 sin w0 t + b2 sin w0 t + .....
a. DC component
b. Fundamental component
c. Second harmonic component
d. All of the above
24. Which kind of frequency spectrum/spectra is/are obtained from the line spectrum of a continuous
signal on the basis of Polar Fourier Series Method?
a. Continuous in nature
b. Discrete in nature
c. Sampled in nature
d. All of the above
25. Which type/s of Fourier series allow/s to represent the negative frequencies by plotting the double-
sided spectrum for the analysis of periodic signals?
a. Trigonometric Fourier series
b. Polar Fourier Series
c. Exponential Fourier Series
d. All of the above

26. What does the signalling rate in the digital communication system imply?
a. Number of digital pulses transmitted per second
b. Number of digital pulses transmitted per minute
c. Number of digital pulses received per second
d. Number of digital pulses received per minute
27. As the signalling rate increases, _______
a. Width of each pulse increases
b. Width of each pulse decreases
c. Width of each pulse remains unaffected
d. None of the above

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28. Amplifiers, motors, filters etc. are examples for which type of system?
a. Distributed parameter systems
b. Unstable systems
c. Discrete time systems
d. Continuous time systems
29. Which among the following systems are described by partial differential functions?
a. Causal Systems and Dynamic systems
b. Distributed parameter systems and linear systems
c. Distributed parameter systems and Dynamic systems
d. Causal systems and linear systems
30. Which one of the following systems is causal?
a. y(t)=x(t)+x(t-3)+x(t2)
b. y(n)=x(n+2)
c. y(t)=x(t-1)+x(t-2)
d. y(n)=x(2n2)
31. Determine the nature of the system, d2y(t)dt2+2dy(t)dt+4y3(t)=x(t−4).
a. Static, linear, causal and time variant
b. Dynamic, non – linear, causal and time invariant
c. Static, non – linear, causal and time variant
d Dynamic, non – linear, causal and time variant
32. Which one of the following is an example of a bounded signal?
a. et coswt
b. et sinw(-t)
c. e-t coswt
d. et cosw(-t)
33. A system produces zero output for one input and same gives the same output for several other inputs.
What is the system called?
a. Non – invertible System
b. Invertible system
c. Non – causal system
d. Causal system
34. For the system y (t) = x2(t), which of the following holds true?
a. Invertible
b. Non-Invertible
c. Invertible as well as Non-Invertible in its respective domains
d. Cannot be determined
35. For the system, y (t) = u{x (t)} which of the following holds true?
a. System is Linear, time-invariant, causal and stable
b. System is time-invariant, causal and stable
c. System is causal and stable
d. System is stable

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36. For the system, y (t) = x (t-5) – x (3-t) which of the following holds true?
a. System is Linear, time-invariant, causal and stable
b. System is time-invariant, causal and stable
c. System is Linear, time-invariant and stable
d. System is Linear, time-invariant and causal
37. The impulse response of a continuous time LTI system is H(t)=(2e−2t−et−100100) u(t). The system is
____________
a. Causal and stable
b. Causal but not stable
c. Stable but not causal
d. Neither causal nor stable
38. The impulse response of a continuous time LTI system is H (t) = e-|t|. The system is ___________
a. Causal and stable
b. Causal but not stable
c. Stable but not causal
d. Neither causal nor stable
39. The impulse response of a continuous time LTI system is H (t) = e-t u (3-t). The system is __________
a. Causal and stable
b. Causal but not stable
c. Stable but not causal
d. Neither causal nor stable
40. If x(n) is a discrete-time signal, then the value of x(n) at non integer value of ‘n’ is?
a. zero
b. positive
c. Negative
d. Not defined.
41. the discrete time function defined as u(n)= n for n≥0;u(n)=0 for n<0 is an -----------------
a. Unit impulse signal
b. Unit step signal
c. Unit ramp signal
d. None of the mentioned
42. X(n)* δ(n-k) = ?
a. x(n)
b. x(k)
c. x(k)*δ(n-k)
d. x(k)*δ(k)

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42. A real valued x(n signal is called as anti-symmetric if---------------
a. x(n)= x(-n)
b. x(n) = -x(-n)
c. x(n)= -x(n)
d. None of the mentioned above
43. The odd part of a signal x(t) is?
a. x(t)+x(-t)
b. x(t)-x(-t)
c. (1/2)*(x(t)+x(-t))
d. (1/2)*(x(t)-x(-t))
44. Time scaling operation is also known as-----------------
a. Down- sampling
b. Up -sampling
c. Sampling
d. None of the mentioned
45. The function given by the equation x(n) =1 for n =0;x(n)= 0,for n≠0 is a ------------------------
a. Step function
b. Ramp function
c. Triangular function
d. Impulse function
46. Which of the following is done to convert a continuous time signal into discrete time signal?
a. Modulating
b. Sampling
c. Differentiating
d. integrating
47. The deflection voltage of an oscilloscope is a ‘deterministic’ signal.
a. True
b. False
48. The even part of a signal x(t) is?
a. x(t)+x(-t)

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b. x(t)-x(-t)
c. (1/2)*(x(t)+x(-t))
d. (1/2)*(x(t)-x(-t))
49. Which of the following is the odd component of the signal x(t) = e (jt)?
a. cost
b. jsint
c. jcost
d. sint

50. For a continuous time signal x(t) to be periodic with a period T, then x(t+mT) should be equal to ------
a. x(-t)
b. x(mT)
c. x(mt)
d. x(t)
51. Let x1(t) and x2(t) be periodic signals with fundamental periods T1 and T2 respectively. Which of
the following must be a rational number for x(t) = x1(t)+x2(t) to be periodic?
A. T1+T2
b. T1-T2
C. T1/T2
d. T1*T2
52. Let x1(t) and x2(t) be periodic signals with fundamental periods T1 and T2 respectively. The
fundamental period of x(t) = x1(t)+x2(t)
a. LCM of T1 and T2
b. HCM of T1 and T2
c. Product of T1 and T2
d. Ratio of T1 and T2
53. All energy signals will have an average power of -----------------
a. Infinite
b. Zero
c. Positive
d. Not calculated.

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54.x(t) or x(n) is defined to be an energy signal, if and only if the total energy content of the signal is a ---
a. Finite quantity
b. Infinite
c. Zero
d. None of the mentioned
55. What is the period of cos2t + sin3t
a. pi
b. 2*pi
c. 3*pi
d. 4*pi
56. What is the period of a signal x(t)?
a. T
b. 2T
c. T/2
d. None of the mentioned
57. Check whether the signal is period or not?
X(t) = cos4t + 2sin8t
a. Periodic with period of π/2
b. Periodic with period of 2
c. Periodic with period of 2/π
d. Not periodic
58. Find the periodicity of the following signal.x(t) = cos((2π/7)t)sin((3π/5)t)
a. 30
b. 7
c. 35
d. 5/3
59. Find the fundamental period of 1+sin2(3π/5)n
a. 10/3
b. 5
c. 3π/5
d. None of the mentioned

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60. Which signal is called as energy signal?
a. Finite energy and Zero power
b. Finite energy and Non zero power
c. Infinite energy and Zero power
d. Infinite energy and None zero power
61. Which signal is said to be power signal?
a. Infinite power and zero energy
b. Infinite power and non-zero energy
c. Finite power and infinite energy
d. Finite power and zero enery
62. Determine the periodicity and also find whether it is a power or energy signal? e (-at)u(t)
a. periodic and energy signal
b. Non periodic and energy signal
c. period and power signal
d. periodic and energy
63. Continuous impulse signal is a power or energy signal?
a. power signal
b. energy signal
c. neither energy nor power signal
d. none of the mentioned
64. discrete impulse signal is -------------------
a. energy signal
b. power signal
c. neither energy nor power signal
d. all the mentioned
65. A signal is a physical quantity which does not vary with-----------------------------
a. time
b. space
c. independent variables
d. dependent variables

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66. Most of the signals found in nature are---------------
a. Continuous-time and discrete-time
b. continuous-time and digital
c. digital and analogy
d. analogy and continuous time
67. which one the following is not a characteristic of a deterministic signal?
a. exhibits no uncertainity
b. instantaneous value can be accurately predicted
c. exhibity uncertainty
d. can be represented by a mathematical equation
68. deternime the fundamental period of the following signal:sin60t.
a.1/60 sec
b. 1/30 sec
c. 1/20 sec
d. 1/10 sec
69. Sum of two periodic signals is a periodic signal when the ratio of their time periods is -----------
a. a rational number
b. an irrational number
c. a complex number
d. an integer
60. Determine the odd component of the signal: x(t) = cost+sint
a. sint
b. 2sint
c. cost
d. 2cost
61. a signal is anti-causal if ---------------------
a. x(t) = 0 for t =0
b. x(t) =1 for t<0
c. x(t) =1 for t >0
d. x(t) = 0 for t >0

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61. for an energy signal-----------------
a. E =0
b. P = ∞
c. E = ∞
d. P = 0
62. Determine the power of the signal: x(t) =cos(t).
a. 1/3
b. 1
c. ½
d. 3/2
63. Can continuous time Fourier series undergo periodic convolution?
a. they cannot undergo periodic convolution
b. they can undergo in certain situations
c. they undergo periodic convolution
d. only even signals undergo periodic convolution
65. What is the outcome of a periodic convolution of signals in case of continuous time Fourier series
a. division in frequency domain
b. multiplication in frequency domain
c. convolution is easier
d. addition of signals in frequency domain
66. what is the multiplication propert of continuous time fourier series?
a. convolution of the signals
b. multiplication of the elements of the signals
c. Division of the frequency domain
d. addition of the signals in frequency domain
67. what is the smoothing operation?
a. differentiation property
b. multiplication property
c.integration property
d. conjugation property

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67. what is the complex congugate propert of a fourier series?
a. It leads to convolution
b. It leads to time reversal
c. It leads to multiplication
d. It leads to addition of signals
68. What is the fourier series coefficient for n = 0?
a. Zero
b. Unity
c. Depends on the situation
d. Non zero positive
69. What is the integration property of the continous time fourier series?
a. Y(t) Yn = 1/jnwXn
b. Y(t) Yn = 1/jwXn
c. Y(t) Yn = 1/jn Xn
d. Y(t) Yn = 1/jnw
70. If the signal x(t) is odd, what will be the Fourier series coefficients?
a. Real and even
b. Odd
c. Real only
d. Real and odd
71. If the signal x(t) is even, what will be the Fourier series coefficients?
a. Real and even
b. Odd
c. Real only
d. Imaginary and odd
72. which one is an example of a recursive system?
a. y(n) =x(n)+y(n-2)
b. y(n) = x(n)+y(n+1)
c. y(n) = x(n-1)+ y(n-1)
d. y(n) = x(n+1) + y(n-1)
73. Which one is an example of a non-recursive system?
a. y(n) =x(n)+y(n-1)
b. y(n) = x(n)+x(n+1)
c. y(n) = x(n-1)+ y(n-1)
d. y(n) = x(n+1) + y(n-1)

74. How many ways are there to represent discrete-time signals?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
75. Which system doesn’t have feedback?
A. Recursive
B. Non- recursive
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

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76. The data rate depends on ________
a. Available bandwidth
b. Level of the signals we use
c. Quality of the channel
d. All of the above
77. Which one is an example of a non-causal system?
a. y[n]=x[n]+1/2x[n-1]
b. y[n]=x[n+1]+1/2x[n-1]
c. y[n]=x[n]+1/2x[n-1]
d. y[n]=x[n]+1/2x[n]
e. None of the above
78. In ________ system the value of the present output depends on present input
a. Memory system
b. Memoryless system
c. Dynamic system
d. Static system
79. In ________ system the value of the present output depends on past/future input
a. Memory system
b. Memoryless system
c. non causal system
d. None of the above

80. ______ system consists of delay elements, differentiation, integration, in their equation
a. Static system
b. Dynamic system
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
81. Which signal has infinite duration?

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 a. power
b. Energy
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
82. _____ are the elementary signals
a. Step function
b. Impulse function
c. Ramp function
d. All of the above
83. The speech signal is the example of ___________ dimensional signal
a. One
b. Two
c. Multi
d. None of the above
84. ______ is an example of multi-dimensional signal
a. Speech
b . Image
c. both a and b
d. All of the above
85. If distinct inputs lead to distinct outputs then the system is said to be ___________
a. Invertibility
b. Causality
c. Non-causality
d. None of the above
86. The system is said to be linear if it satisfies the ________ properties
a. Scaling
b. Additivity
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
87. __________ is an example of an invertible system

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a. y(t) = αx(t)
b. y(t) = x(t)
c. y(t) = 2x(t)
d. All of the above
88. If f(t)=f(t+T) then the signal is ________
a. Continous- time
b. Discrete –time
c. Both in discrete and continuous-time
d. None of the above
89. If f(t)= f(-t) then the signal is said to be ________
a. Odd
b. Even
c. Either odd or even
d. All of the above
90. The real and complex exponential signal can be defined in __________
a. Only continuous-time
b. Only discrete-time
c. Both in discrete and continuous-time
d. None of the above

91. __________ are the examples of systems

a. Electrical circuits
b. Mechanical systems
c. Chemical and biological systems
d. All of the above
92. The power of energy signals is equivalent to _______
a. One
b. Zero
c. Infinity
d. None of the above

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93. The energy of power signals is equivalent to _______
a. One
b. Zero
c. Infinity
d. None of the above
94. The system output y(t)=x(t-1),if t=0 then the output is dependent on _______
a. Present input
b. Past input
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
95. The system output y(t)=x(t+1),if t=0 then the output is dependent on _______
a. Present input
b. Past input
c. Future input
d. None of the above
96. _________ is also used to calculate the power and phase constant of a particular harmonic present in
the expansion
a. Fourier series
b. Fourier transforms
c. Laplace and z-transform
d. None of the above
97. The number of cycles per second is a ________
a.Frequency  
b. Amplitude
c. Voltage
d. None of the above
98. How much time taken by the signal is called the _____________
a. Fundamental time period
b. Transfer function
c. Time period

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d. None of the above
99. _________ are for the analysis purpose
a. Fourier series
b. Fourier transforms
c. Laplace and z-transform
d. Both a and b

100. _________ transforms are for the design purpose

a. Fourier series
b. Fourier transforms
c. Laplace and z-transform
d. None of the above
101. Which transform is only for a discrete-time?
a. Laplace transform
b. Z-transform
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
102. How many types of Fourier series are there?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
103. Which transform is only for a continuous-time?
a. Laplace transform
b. Z-transform
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
104. How many types of Fourier transforms are there?
a. One
b. Two

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c. Three
d. Four
105. The nyquist rate of sin (400t)*sin (600t) is _____
a. 1000 samples/sec
b. 200 samples/sec
c. 600 samples/sec
d. 400 samples/sec
106. The maximum frequency of sinc(200t)*sinc(600t) is _____
a. 100Hz
b. 3ooHz
c. 600Hz
d. 400Hz
107. Which one is a transformation technique?
a. Fourier series
b.Fourier transform
c. Z- transform
d. All of the above
108. The ratio of Fourier transform of the output signal to the Fourier transform of the input signal is
called ____________
a. Transfer function
b. Hilbert transform c.
c. Z-transform
D.None of the above
109. The change of input signals shape when it is transmitted through a system is called _________
a. Distortion
b. Interpolator
c. Discriminator
d. None of the above
110. How many types of filters are there?
a. Two

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b. five
c. six
d. Eight
111. In _______ band, a certain band of frequencies are is allowed and rest of the frequencies are
allowed by the filter
a. Pass-band
b. Stop-band
c. Either pass-band or stop-band
d. None of the above
112. Filters allow transmission of signals in a __________________
a. Certain band of frequencies Out of the band b.
b. the frequencies will be rejected
c. Both a and b
c. None of the above
113. Whichever the frequencies is allowed by the LTI system or the filter is called _________
a. Pass-band
b. Stop-band
c. Either pass-band or stop-band
d. None of the above
114. A ________ is a frequency selective network
 a. Filter
b. Comparator
c. Integrator
d. None of the above
115. An LTI system acts as a _______
 a. Filter
b. Comparator
c. Integrator
d. None of the above
116. The nquist rate of sin4000πt is _____

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a. 1000Hz
b. 2000Hz
c. 3000Hz
d. 4000Hz
117 The maximum frequency of sin4000πt is _____
a. 1000Hz
b. 2000Hz
c. 3000Hz
d. 4000Hz

118. The disadvantages of state-space analysis are ______

a. Techniques are complex
b. Many computations are required
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
119. Which signal is used for processing digital signals?
a. Continuous-time
b. Discrete-time
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
120. The z-transform of u(-n) is _______
a. 1/z
b. 1/1-z
c. 1/z+1
d. None of the above
121. The ROC is the entire Z-plane for ________ sequence
a. Right-hand
b. Left-hand
c. Either right or left hand
d. None of the above
122. The ZT and DTFT are equal when r is equal to __________

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a. One
b. Two
c. Zero
d. Infinity
123_____ sampling works based on a sample and hold
a. Natural
b. Flat top
c. Ideal
d. None of the above
124. If a sequence is purely left-sided sequence or anti-causal then region of convergence is entire z-plane
except at __________
a. z is equal to 0
b. z is equal to ∞
c. z is equal to 0 and z is equal to ∞
125. The noise interference in natural sampling is _______
a. Very high
b. High
c. Low Very
d. low
126. If there is no similarity between x(t) and x(t-τ) then autocorrelation will be _______
a. One
b. Zero
c. Infinite
d. None of the above
127. The sampling theory is a process to convert ___________
a. Continuous to discrete-time signal
b. Discrete-time to continuous time signal
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
128. How many types of samplings are there?
a. One    c. Three  

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 b. Two d. Four

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