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CODE 1348-Computer
Week - Midterm Fundamentals and Applications

Software

Compare and contrast application software and system software

Explain the role of information systems in the computer system in a timely and organized manner the different types of systems software

This module covers the different operating systems used by

different computer systems of various categories.

Also discussed in this module are the different utility programs

that an operating system uses to keep the computer
maintained and working well.

Software

Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written
to solve a particular problem.

There are two types of software

System Software
Application Software

System Software

The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer
itself. System software is generally prepared by computer manufacturers. These software products comprise of programs written in
low-level languages, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the
hardware and the end-us.

Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that

coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile
device hardware.
Start and shut down a computer
Provide a user interface
Manage programs
Manage memory
Coordinate tasks
Configure devices
Monitor performance
Establish an Internet connection
 Provide file management and other device or media-
related tasks
Updating operating system software
Week 1348-Computer
CODE -Control
Midterm a network Fundamentals and Applications
Administer security
Software

Operating System Functions

Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power

button to turn it on

The process of starting or restarting a computer is

called booting
An operating system includes various power options:
Cold boot
Sleep mode saves any open documents running programs or
Turning on a computer that has been powered off
apps to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places
completely
the computer in a low-power state
Warm boot
Hibernate mode saves any open documents and run programs
Using the operating system to restart a computer
or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from
(discussed earlier in module 1)
the computer or device.

User interface (UI)

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images
In a command-line interface, a user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special
keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions
CODE 1348-Computer
Week - Midterm Fundamentals and Applications

Software

Manage Multitasking Environment

How an operating system handles programs directly affects

your productivity

Single tasking

allows a single user to perform only one task at a time is

called a Single-User Single-Tasking Operating System.
Functions like printing a document, downloading images,
etc., can be performed only one at a time

Multitasking

allows a single user to perform more than one task at a Single user and multiuser
time is called Single-User Multitasking Operating System
A Single-User Operating System is a system in which only
one user can access the computer system at a time like a
Foreground and background
common used in a desktop or laptop computer. A Multi-
A priority assigned to programs running in a multitasking User Operating System is a system that allows more than
environment. The foreground contains the applications the one user to access a computer system at one time like a server
user is working on, and the background contains the allowing users to connect.
applications that are behind the scenes, such as
 
certain operating system functions, printing a document or
accessing the network.

Memory management

optimizes the use of the computer or device’s internal

memory.

Virtual memory

is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional

RAM

The operating system determines the order in which tasks are

processed

External Device Management

A driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install or connect them

 
CODE 1348-Computer
Week - Midterm Fundamentals and Applications
POINT for Discussion:
Software
How to uninstall a device attached to the computer.

Monitoring Performance

A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports Connectivity

information about various computer resources and devices
Operating systems typically provide a means to establish
Internet connections

Many programs, including operating systems, include

an automatic update feature that regularly provides new
features or corrections to the program.

Operating systems often provide users with a variety of tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network

These multiuser operating systems allow multiple users to share a printer, Internet access, files, and programs
A network administrator uses the server operating system to:
Add and remove users, computers, and other devices
Configure the network, install software and administer network security user

User management
A user account enables a user to sign in to, or access
resources on, a network or computer

CODE
Week 1348-Computer
- Midterm
A user name, or user ID,Fundamentals and Applications
identifies a specific user
A password is a private combination of characters
Software
associated with the user name