Linear Algebra Spring 2023

Homework Problem Set Four

Due: 02:00
on 3/21/2023
Instructor: Ming-Cheng Shiue
Office: Room 226, Science Building 1
Telephone: 03-5712121 ext. 56406
E-mail: mshiue@math.nctu.edu.tw
Office hour: make appointments by email or Google Meet

Note: Please do not copy your classmates homework. You have to write your home-
work on your own. However, you are encouraged to have discussion with your class-
mates, friends and the instructor. This is very important.

Please hand in Problems A and B.

Problem A: Assume that dim(V ) < +∞ and dim(W ) < +∞, and T ∈ L(V, W ).

(a) For any choice of bases of V and W , show that the matrix M(T ) has at least
dim(R(T )) nonzero entries.

(b) Show that there exit a basis α of V and a basis β of W such that all entries of
the matrix Mα,β (T ) are 0 except that the entries in row j, column j equal 1
for all 1 ≤ j ≤ dim(R(T )).

Problem B:Assume that dim(V ) < +∞ and S, T ∈ L(V ).

(a) show that ST is invertible if and only if S and T are both invertible.

(b) show that ST = IV if and only if T S = IV .

Problem C: Assume that dim(V ) < +∞ and dim(W ) < +∞, and T ∈ L(V, W ).
Show that dim(R(T )) = 1 if and only if there exist a basis of V and a basis of W
such that all entries of the matrix Mα,β (T ) equal 1.
Problem D:

(a) If dim(V ) < +∞ and T1 , T2 ∈ L(V, W ), show that R(T1 ) = R(T2 ) if and only
if there exists an invertible operator S ∈ L(V ) such that T1 = T2 S.

(b) If dim(W ) < +∞ and T1 , T2 ∈ L(V, W ), show that N (T1 ) = N (T2 ) if and only
if there exists an invertible operator S ∈ L(W ) such that T1 = ST2 .

Problem E: Assume that T ∈ L(U, V ) and S ∈ L(V, W ) are both invertible. Show
that ST ∈ nL(U, W ) and (ST )−1 = T −1 S −1 .
Problem F:Assume that dim(V ) < +∞ and dim(W ) < +∞. Let v ∈ V and
E = {T ∈ L(V, W )|T v = 0}.

(a) Show that E is a subspace of L(V, W ).

(b) If n ̸= 0, find dim(E) ?

Problem G: Suppose α = {v1 , · · · , vm } where vi ∈ V , please answer the following

questions:

(a) If α is linearly dependent in V , show that there exists j ∈ {1, · · · , m} such that

(1) vj ∈ span(v1 , · · · , vj−1 ), j > 1 or v1 = {0};

(2) if the jth vector is removed from α, the span of the remainging subset
equals span(α).

(b) If V = span(α), show that the set α can be reduced to a basis of the vector
space V .

Problem H:Assume that dim(V ) < +∞ and T ∈ L(V ). show that T = λIV for
some λ ∈ F if and only if ST = T S for all S ∈ L(V ).
Problem I: Suppose that V = P [x], T ∈ L(V )and T is injective satisfying that
deg(T p) ≤ deg(p) for all nonzero polynomials p ∈ V .

(a) show that T is surjective.

(b) show that deg(T p) = deg(p) for all nonzero p ∈ V .

Problem J:Assume that T is a function from V to W . The graph of T is the subset

of V × W defined by

graph of T = {(v, T v) ∈ V × W |v ∈ V }

Show that T ∈ L(V, W ) if and only if the graph of T is a subspace of V × W .