a&qif;pdkufysdK;a&;wuodkvf

pD;yGm;a&;ESifhvlrIzGHYjzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf
pdkufysdK;a&;u@\jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;

twGut
f ydkvkyfom;ESifh0,fvdktm;udkjzpfay:ap/

pm;eyf&dum?pufrIukefMurf;xkwfvkyfay;onfhtjyiftjcm;u@rsm;

EdkifiHjcm;0ifaiG\ 44% udk&&dS/

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;zGHYjzdK;wdk;wuf&ef ta&;ygaomu@jzpfygonf/

GDP wGifpdkufysdK;a&;u@\yg0ifrI&mcdkifEIef;avsSmhusaeaomfvnf;?

cefYudkxkwfvkyfay;ygonf/

vkyfom;tiftm;\61%cefYESifhjynfwGif;xkwfukefwefbdk;\39%

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;zGHYjzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf
pdkufysdK;a&;u@\ta&;ygrI

ekdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrSkrsm;tm;ay;
aiGaMu;u@ajymif;vJrSk-yk*vdubPfrsm;?
FEC xkwf
yk*vduu@OD;pm;ay;
pD;yGm;a&;txl;ZHkrsm;xlaxmif

aps;uGufESifhukefoG,frSkvGwfvyfcGifhjyKjcif;

1988ckESpfaemufydkif;
wHcg;zGifh0g'eSifh jyKjyifajymif;vJrSk
ydkhukefwdk;jrSSifha&;

wHcg;ydwf0g'? oGif;ukeftpm;xdk;

vGwfvyfa&;&jyD;aemufydkif;

zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufrSk enf;AsL[mrsm;

(4) pdkufysdK;a&;tajccHtaqmuftODrsm;
wdk;wuf

(3) EkdifiHjcm;wifydkUa&mif;csrSkydkrsm;

(2) tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;ay:ayguf

(1) pdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfrSKESifhpdkuf{uwdk;wuf

jyKjyifajymif;vJcJhaomrl0g'tcsdKU

ydkrdk

txGufaumif;txl;txGufwdk;rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefUrsm;toHk;jyK&ef/
acwfrDodyHenf;uspdkufysdK;enf;pepfrsm;toHk;jyK&ef/
oGif;tm;pk? pdkufysdK;a&tygt0if "gwfajrMoZmrsm;udk tcsdefudkuf? tcsdK;ustoHk;jyK&ef/
rsdK;aph? oGif;tm;pktygt0if tyifpdkufysdK;csdefrS &dwfodrf;csdefxd tavtvTifhqHk;&SHK;rIenf;
atmifaqmif&Guf&ef/
(5) xGuf&SdvmaomoD;ESHtay: wGufajcudkufjyD;aps;uGucf dkifrmatmifaqmif&Gufay;&ef/

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufrSK enf;AsL[mrsm;

v,f,majrvkyfudkifcGifhrsm;ay;jcif;/
v,f,moHk;pufud&d,mrsm;ESifh tjcm;oGif;tm;pk yHhydk;ypnf;rsm; jznfhwif;jzefUjzL;&m
yk*vduydkifydkrdkyg0ifaqmif&Gufvmekdifap&eftwGuf tm;ay;aqmif&Gufjcif;/

xkwfvkyfrSkwdk;wuf&ef? jynfwGif;pm;oHk;rSkzlvHk&efEiS fhtydktvsHSrsm;udkjynfyodkUwifydkU&ef/

v,f,mukefxkwfvkyfrSk vkyfief;rsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGmpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfcGifhjyKjcif;/
v,f,majropfrsm; wdk;csJUazmfxkwfvkyfudkifolrsm;ESifh v,f,mvkyfudkifolrsm;tm;

pdkufysdK;a&;u@qdkif&mrl0g'

pdkufysdK;a&;u@qdkif&mrl0g'

Myanmar

Vietnam

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Thailand

China

Malaysia

India

2006

50
2005

2004

100
2003

2002

150
2001

2000

tm&S edk ifiHt csdKY \wpf OD;usqef pm;oHk ;rIEI dif;,S Ofjcif ;f

200

vkyfrSk\ 90% udkxkwfvkyfjyD;pm;oHk;Muonf/

tm&SEdkifiHrsm;teufjrefrmEdkifiHonfqefpm;oHk;rItjrifhrm;qHk;jzpfjyD;
vlwpfOD;vsSif 220uDvdk*&rf pm;oHk;Muonf/
2000-06ckESpf twGif;qefpm;oHk;rIrSm wajz;ajz;wdk;vmygonf/

jrefrmekdifiHtygt0iftm&SekdifiHrsm;onf urmhpkpkaygif;qefxkwf

jrefrmEdkifiH\pm;eyf&dum (qef) zlvHkrIESifhpm;oHk;rI

250

5 kg/year

 qefzlvHkap&ef Self-sufficiency policy udkusifhoHk;/

2000ckESpfwGifwdkif;ESifhjynfe,f(6)ckwGif qefudkzlvHkpGmpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyf/
,cktcg csif;? rauG;ESifhrEav;rSty tjcm;a'orsm;wGifzv
l HkpGmpdkufysdK;/

jrefrmEdkifiH\pm;eyf&dum (qef) zlvHkrIESifhpm;oHk;rI

wdkif;^jynfe,f
csif;
rEav;
rauG;
weoFm&D
&Srf;
&efukef
u,m;
u&if
ucsif
rGef
&cdkif
ppfudkif;
yJcl;
{&m0wD

2006-07({u)
129391
1244838
1074229
458393
1498853
1392319
110182
632934
531657
1105730
1226974
2396584
3369397
4904271

2009-10({u)
138569
922297
1021614
401537
1548332
1395278
112109
670967
675703
1016750
1237476
2275338
3516701
5000031

twdk;tavsSmh
9178
-322541
-52615
-56856
49479
2959
1927
38033
144046
-88980
10502
-121246
147304
95760

wkdif;^jynfe,frsm;\pyg;pdkuf{&d,majymif;vJrI

EIef;rSm(19)wif;wdk;cJh/

15ESpftwGif;pyg;txGuf

wpfESpfvsSif y.r (2.2%)

txGufEIef;wdk;wufrI

{&d,mwdk;wufEIef;rSm
tjrifhrm;qHk; (3.4%)

2005-09wGif y.r pdkuf

pdkufysdK;{&d,mrsm;wdk;csJU?
a&oGif;pdkuf{&d,mwdk;jrifh
vmjcif;aMumifh2006wGif
{uoef;(20)odkUa&muf&dS

wdkif;^jynfe,frsm;wGif

rsm;aomfvnf; txGufESkef;ESifh pkpkaygif;pyg;xkwfvkyfrSkrSm edrfhus

aeygonf/

FFAO (2008) t&jrefrmekdifiH\pyg;&dwfodrf;{&d,mrSm Vietnam xuf

jrefrmEdkifiH\pm;eyf&dum (qef) zlvHkrIESifhpm;oHk;rI

1993
8.6
71.2
111.6
73.0
190.1
354.6
90.3
79.5

Country
Myanmar
Thailand
Vietnam
India
China
Japan
Asia

World

92.0

1999
15.9
91.7
264.8
106.4
252.9
295.7
123.2
88.3

2000
19.6
81.1
278.6
98.4
231.5
300.7
116.2
89.6

2001
9.0
87.2
215.6
102.0
229.4
282.4
116.9

91.9

2002
12.5
87.8
222.1
94.8
258.7
269.6
122.7

"mwfajrMoZmtoHk;jyKrIEIdif;,SOfjcif; (kg/ha)

AD,uferfwGif(28)qausmfydkrdktoHk;jyKygonf/

"mwfajrMoZmtoHk;jyKEIef;xm;rSmxdkif;wGifjrefrm\(9)qESifh

jrefrmEdkifiH\pm;eyf&dum (qef) zlvHkrIESifhpm;oHk;rI

10

2007
10.3
93.9
286.3

yYsrf;rsS22%jzifhwdk;wufcJh
(2007-09umvtwGif;)

pdkufysdK;a&;ydkYukefonf

2003-2006txdtvGef
enf;yg;cJhjyD;jyefvnfjrifhrm;

qefydkYukefwefbdk;onf
mill Ks.

ydkYukefrsm;rSmyJrsdK;pHk?
qefESifhqefxGuf?
ajymif;ESifha&mfbm/

t"dupdkufysdK;a&;

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2002

2003
Agri Export Value

2001

2005

2006
Rice Export Value

2004

2007

2009

11

Annual grwoth rate

2008

ESpftvdkufpdkufysdK;a&;ydkYukefwefb;dk ?wdk;wufEIef;ESifhqefydkYukefwefb;dk

rmwdum

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30

% per year

 2009wGifwef(8)odef;odkYwdk;jrifhvm/

12

wGifodompGmwdk;csJYpdkufojzifh2007wGifqefwef(4)ode;f wifydkYEdkif/

yk*vdutm;qefudk jynfyodkYydkYcGifhjyKcJhjyD; aemuf2006

2003ckESpf?qefwifydkYrIrl0g'opf

EdIif;,SOfvSsifuGmjcm;csufjrifhrm; (- 91% rS +2286%&dS)

jrefrmEdkifiH\ESpftvdkufqefwifydkYrIwdk;wufEIef;xm;rsm;udk

uGmjcm;csufrsm;aom qefwifydkYrIwdk;wufEIef;xm;

13

 pD;yGm;a&;wGufajcudkuf&efESifhaps;uGufcdkifrmrI&dSapjcif;

pufud&d,mrsm;oHk;pGJjcif;

tavtvGifhr&dS&ef&dwfodrf;csdefvGefenf;ynmESifhacwfrDS

xda&mufrSefuefpGmtoHk;jyKjcif;

oGif;a&ESifhoGif;tm;pkrsm;udkpepfwustcsdefudkuftcsdK;us

v,form;rsm;onfrsdK;aphoHk;pGJrSK\ 46%ESifh60%udkESppf Of0,foHk;pGJ)

txl;txGufwdk;rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefYrsdK;aphtoHk;jyKjcif; (India& Vietnam

acwfrSDodyHenf;uspdkufenf;pepfoHk;pGJjcif;

1/ t&nftaoG;aumif;oD;ESHrsm;xkwfvkyfrIwdk;jrifha&;

pdkufysdK;a&;u@zGHjzdK;wdk;wufa&;enf;AsL[m

14

oD;ESHrsm;ay:csdefaps;EdSrfr&ap&efaps;uGufowif;tcsuf
tvufjzefYa0ay;jcif;/

jynfywifoGif;cGefavSsmhcsrI/

Edkif&efaxmufyHhay;jcif;?

"mwfajrMoZmudk aps;oifhawmfaomaps;ESifh vHkavmufpGmoHk;

aomv,form;i,frsm;tm;vHkavmufaompdkufp&dwfacs;ay;
jcif; (pdkufbPf? or0g,r? tao;pm;acs;aiGtzGJYrsm;)

vHkavmufaomacs;aiGxkwfay;jcif;- t&if;tEDS;rvHkavmuf

2/ v,form;rsm;tm;wdkuf&dkufaxmufyHhtm;ay;jcif;

pdkufysdK;a&;u@zGHjzdK;wdk;wufa&; enf;AsL[m

15

(tjcm;wzufwGifpm;oHk;olrsm;) rufvHk;ay;&ef/

EdkifiHwGifpm;eyf&dumzlvkHrSKtmrcHcsuftwGuv
f ,form;rsm;tm;

aumif;atmifvkyfudkif&efESifhpyg;pdkufydsK;rIrSpD;yGm;a&;wGufajc
udkufap&ef aps;jrifhrm;jyD;pdkufysdK;p&dwfumrdaomaps;EIef;vdktyf/
(aps;raumif;cJhvsSifjzpfovdkpdkufysdK;jcif;?pyg;pdu
k f{&d,mavsSmhjcif;)

v,form;rsm;pyg;pdkufysdK;rIwGiftm;oGefcGefpdkuftxGufEIef;

3/ txGufEIef;wdk;vm&efv,form;tm;rufvHk;ay;jcif;

16

pdkufysdK;a&;u@zGHjzdK;wdk;wufa&; enf;AsL[m

rsm;udk,SOfjydKif&eft&nftaoG;xdrf;odrf;MuD;Muyfay;&efvdktyfovdk
Flexible export policy jzpf&efvnf;vdktyfygonf/

tjynfjynfqdkif&mqefaps;uGufwGift"duyg0ifwifydkYaeaomEdkifiH

udkavSsmhcsjcif;jzifh axmufyHhtm;ay;&ef
(v,form;rsm;tay:oG,f0dkuftcGeaf umufcHaejcif;?enf;ynm
jyefYyGm;&ef t[efYtwm;jzpfaejcif;)

Export tax

wpfavsSmuf Transaction costs rsm;

avSsmhcs&efESifhtcsdefrSDcGifhjyKrIay;&ef (odkYrSaps;uGuf,HkMunfrI&&dSrnf)

Exporting channel

4/ Export-oriented rl0g'jzifhv,form;rsm;udkaxmufyHhjcif;

17

pdkufysdK;a&;u@zGHjzdK;wdk;wufa&; enf;AsL[m

 t&nftaoG;aumif;rGef&efrsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefYpdkuf&ef/

aps;wnfjidrfa&;twGut
f ydktvsSHwGufcsufrIrSefuef&ef/

wpf{utxGufEIef;wdk;wufvm&ef/

qeftydktvsHSudkjynfyodkYwifydkYcGifhjyKrl0g'usifhok;H /

2009wGifwif;oef;aygif; (1566) odkhqufwdkufwdk;jrifch Jhonf/

odkYaomfpkpkaygif;xkwfvkyfrSkwdk;wufEIef;onfvlOD;a&wdk;wufrSkESef;
udkumrd&Hkom&dSygonf/

ekdifiH\pkpkaygif;pyg;xkwfvkyfrSkrSm2005wGifwif;oef;aygif; (1327)?

5/ pm;eyf&dumzl
mzlvHkrI?wifydkYrIESifhaps;wnfjidrfaps;qdkif&mrl0g'

18

qefpm;oHk;rIESifhjynfywifydkYrItcsdK;tpm;

aps;wnfjidrfrIaocsm&eftwGuf Buffer stock xm;&ef

&moDOwkazmufjyefcsdefpm;eyf&dumzlvHk&ef twGuf t&efqefxm;&ef

5/ pm;eyf&dumzl
mzlvHkrI?wifydkYrIESifhaps;wnfjidrfaps;qdkif&mrl0g'

19

jynfwGif;aps;EIef;
wnfjidrfrI?
aps;aumif;&&dSrI

odkYOD;wnfjcif;ESifhurmh
aps;uGufodkY qefydkrdk
wifydkYEdkifjcif;

ASEAN Free Trade

pm;eyf&dumzlvHkrI?
qeftydktvSsHxkwfvkyfrI

(twdk;EIef;?EdkifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,fEIef;?tcGeftc)

arc&dkay:vpD

20

1. oifhavsmfaompdkufysdK;a&;a*[aA'qdkif&mZHkrsm;
2. ae&ma'oomvGefrI

tcGifhtvrf;

4. jynfolydkifvkyfief;rsm;ESifh yk*vduydkifvkyfief;
rsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;

2. aus;vufa'oaiGaMu;axmufyHhrSI tcef; u@
(jrefrmhv,f,m zGHUNzdK;a&;bPf?
pyg;txl;jyKukrPDrsm;? urmhukvor*
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItpDtpOf? tpdk;&r[kwfaom
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;)

2. pdkufysdK;a&;twGufenf;AsL[mopfrsm;toHk;jyKjcif;
(txGufaumif;rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefhrsm;toHk;jyK
pdkufysdK;jcif;? a&oGif;pdkufysdK;jcif;? pufud&d,m
rsm;toHk;jyKpdkufysdK;jcif;? yk*vdu ydkifqdkifrI
tcef;u@tm;wdk;csJhjcif;? awmifolrsm;tm;
acwfrSDpdkufysdK;enf;pepf rsm;wdk;csJUynmay;jcif;)
3. obm0o,HZmwrsm; toHk;jyKedkifjcif;
(a&? ajro,HZmwayg<u,fjcif;)

1.urmUaps;uGufESifh aps;EIef;rwnfNidrfrI
2.&moDOwkajymif;vJrI

&ifqdkif&rnfhtcuftcJrsm;

21

3. pdkufysdK;a&;u@twGuf roifhavsmfaom
obm0ywf0ef;usif
4. aus;vufa'o tajccHtaqmufttHk rsm;
(pGrf;tif? aus;&Gmvrf;rsm; ponfjzifh)

1.enf;ynm (Oyrm- rsdK;aph? "mwfajrMoZm?

&dwfodrf;csdefvGefenf;ynm)

tm;enf;csuf

1. oD;ESHpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfrI&SdaomEdIif;,SOfom&nf
(Oyrm- pyg;?yJrsdK;pHk)

tm;omcsuf

pdkufysdK;a&;u@twGuf SWOT Analysis

tcGeftcrsm;

EdkifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,fEIef;

twdk;EIef;ESifhaiGaMu;qdkif&m&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI

arc&dkay:vpD

nDaxG jzpfrIonf ta&;MuD;

pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m enf;AsL[mrsm;ESifh arc&dkay:vpDrsm;\ vdkufavsm

aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIqdkif&menf;AsL[m

zGHYjzdK;rIenf;AsL[mESifharc&dkay:vpD

22

23

2010-2011 ckESpfwGif tom;wiftjrwfrSm usyfoef;aygif; 2800 cefY&Sdygonf/

(2) v,f,m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI ESifh&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIacs;aiG

(3) e,fpyfa'o zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI twGuf acs;aiG

(1) &moDtvdkufpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfrIacs;aiG

10 % jzifhacs;,lNyD; if;rS aiGacs;olrsm;udk wpfESpfvQiftwdk;EIef; 17%

jzifh atmufygvkyfief;toD;oD;twGufacs;ygonf/

jrefrmhv,f,m zGHUNzdK;a&;bPf onf jrefrmEdkifiHawmfA[db

k PfrS twdk;EIef;

wpfckwnf;aom aiGaMu;qdkif&m axmufyHhrItzGJUtpnf; - jrefrmhv,f,m

zGHUNzdK;a&;bPff ukd jynfolydkifbPftjzpf 1953 ckESpfwiG f pwifwnfaxmifcJhygonf/

aus;vufa'otao;pm;aiGacs;0efaqmifrSkvkyfief;

ESpfwkdacs;aiG
12124.19
12740.82
12015.31
20416.25
27382.18
34390.26
44875.80
59627.84
93489.30
190659.89

b@ma&;ESpf

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2009-10

2010-11

6505.51

3779.52

9057.08

7945.18

3261.22

5711.82

1606.07

1088.34

277.48

62.60

zGHYjzdK;a&;acs;aiG

197165.4024

97268.82

68684.92

52820.98

37651.48

33094.00

22022.32

13103.65

13018.3

12186.79

pkpkaygif;acs;aiG

jrefrmhv,f,mzGHYjzdK;a&;bPf rSESpftvkdufacs;aiGrsm; (usyfoef;aygif;)

w&m;0ifzGJYpnf;&efvkdtyf/

tao;pm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrSKvkyfief;rsm;ukd Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD

ta&mif;qkdifrsm;? ukefonfyGJpm;rsm;/
twkd;ESKef;tvGefjrifhrm; (wpfv 10% - 20%)/

jyifyaiGwkd;acs;rSKvkyfief; : aiGwkd;acs;olrsm;? pkdufydsK;a&;ypnf;

tjcm;axmufyHhrSKUrsm;ygjyKvkyf/

25

aiGaMu;0efaqmifrSktjyif aus;vufvlrSKtzGJYtpnf;twGuf vkdtyfaom

twkd;ESkef;-v,f,mzGHYjzKd;a&;bPfxufrsm;-jyiffyaiGwd;k acs;rSKxufenf;/

aus;vufa'o&Sd tjcm;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrSK tzGJYtpnf;rsm;?

pyg;txl;jyKPkrPDrsm;? NGOs & UNDP

aus;vufa'otao;pm;aiGacs;0efaqmifrSkvkyfief;

ykdrkdjrifhrm;onf/
26

yJrsdK;pkHESifhESrf;wkdY\ESdKif;,SOfom&nfonf ESpftvkdufwkd;wufcJhjyD; pyg;xuff

Source: FAOSTAT database

jynfyykdYukefoD;ESHrsm;\ESKdif;,SSOfom&nfrsm; (Comparative Advantage)

1275
Ks/1$

0.63
0.51
0.43
0.37
0.32

1000
Ks/1$

0.79
0.65
0.55
0.48
0.42

Price (USD
250/ton)

0.62
0.51
0.43
0.38
0.33

1000
Ks/1$

0.49
0.40
0.33
0.29
0.25

1275
Ks/1$

Price (USD
300/ton)

0.42
0.34
0.29
0.26
0.23

1000
Ks/1$

0.34
0.28
0.23
0.20
0.18

1275
Ks/1$

Price (USD
400/ton)

27

vuf&SdwGif w&m;0ifaiGvJvS,fESKef;ESifhaps;uGuf&SdaiGvJvS,fESKef;uGm[rSKrsm;/
w&m;0ifaiGvJvS,fESKef;ukd ndSESKdif;jcif;jzifh aps;uGufESifhaps;ESKef;rsm; wnfjidrfapESKdifjyD;
ukefoG,frSKukd tm;ay;/

ykHaoEkdifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,fESKef; ukdjyKjyifajymif;vJ&efpOf;pm;oifh/

Source: Aye Moe San (2008)

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jyKjyifajymif;vJ&mwGif

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tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

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ykdYaqmifa&;ukd t"duypfrSwftjzpf xm;&Sdaqmif&GufoGm;oifhygonf/
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av;&xm;vrf;ykdi;f
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qefqefvkyfaqmif&mwGif tusKd;tjrwf&SdEkdifaomvrf;ykdif;rsm;ukd t"duxm;tokH;jyK
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oGm;oifhygonf/

tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

umvwkdjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
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vkdtyfonfht&efypnf
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tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

umvwkdjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
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ygonf/
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Ekdifa&; &nfrSef;csufxm; pwifaqmif&Gufoifhygonf/
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tcsuftcsmvkyfief;ae&mrsm; ay:aygufvma&;twGuf yk*vd
vu
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tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

umvwkdjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
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jyif;xefpGm ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifoGm;oifhygonf/
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tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

a&&SnfjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
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jrefrmhrD;&xm;tm;
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ajymif;vJEkdifa&;twGuf
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tqkdjyKwifjytyfygonf/
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d;&\ vrf;Tef
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vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIqkdif&m oabmwlnDcsuf wpf&yfukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;aqmif
&GufoGm;&efjzpfaMumif; tqkdjyKwifjytyfygonf/

tqkdjyKwifjycsufrsm;

jzpfygonf/

rl0g'rsm;ESifhtnD &xm;vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGuf qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnf

tzGJUtpnf;jzpfygonf/ EkdfifiHawmfESifh jynfolw\

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csuf? OD;wnfcsufrsm;twkdi;f Oya'ESifhtnD taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh

jrefrmhrD;&xm;onf EkdifiHawmfykdiftzGJUtpnf;jzpfonfESifhtnD EkdifiHawmf\ &nfrSe;f

ed*kH;

aus;Zl;wifygonf