ĐỀ 15 CÔ PHƯỢNG
I. VOCABULARY:
1. profuse (adj)
-> ~ apologies/thanks
-> ~ bleeding
2. protracted (adj) = prolonged: lasting longer >
expected
-> protracted delays/disputes/negotiations
-> There followed a ~ series of legal wrangles.
3. ample (adj): enough or more than enough
-> ~ opportunity/evidence/space/proof
-> Two months is ample time to allow for the job
to be completed.
_______ (adj): (sb) large, in an attractive way
-> These clothes belonged to a man of more
ample girth.
4. grant (v)
-> grant a scholarship/wish
5. assent to sth (v): agree to a request, idea,
suggestion
-> Nobody would ~ to the terms they proposed.
6. concede defeat (phr): admit that you lost
-> Although they had suffered heavy losses, the
commanders refused to concede defeat.
7. acquire (v): gain, obtain sth
-> She has acquired a good knowledge of
English.
-> to acquire skills
-> apply the newly acquired skills
8. cut back (phr v): reduce sth
= cut back (on sth)
-> The governemnt spends vast sums on defence
while public services are being cut back.
9. cut up (phr v): divide sth -> smaller pieces
with a knife
-> He cut up the meat on his plate.
10. cut through (phr v): go through sth -> make
your route shorter
= cut sth through sth
-> The prisoners cut their way through the
barbed wire.
11. legitimate (adj) = valid = justifiable
-> a ~ grievance
-> It seemed a perfectly legitimate question.
____________(adj) = legal = lawful (adj)
-> strictly ~
12. law-abiding (adj): obeying, respecting the
law
27-01-2023
-> Even the most law-abiding drivers feel an urge
to break the speed limit occasionally.
13. judicial (adj): [b4 N] -> court, judge, legal
judgment
-> ~ powers
-> the ~ process/system
14. impose (v): expect sb -> do sth for you /
spend time with you, esp when it’s inconvenient
-> impose on/upon sb/sth: I turned down his
offer to stay as I did not wish to impose upon his
family.
15. revolt (v) = rebel, protest
-> Teenagers often ~ against parental discipline.
________ SB (v): make you feel horror
= disgust = nauseate = sicken (v)
-> All the violence in the movie revolted me.
=> revulsion (n) = disgust = repugnance
16. campaign (v): take part in/lead a campaign
=> achieve social/political change / win an
election
-> As soon as the consumer protection law was
passed, some manufacturers began to campaign
to have it changed.
-> to campaign vigorously/tirelessly
17. protest (v): say / do sth publicly => show: you
disagree of sth
-> There’s no use protesting, I won’t change my
mind.
18. abstinence (n): [U] sự kiêng khem, nhịn
(food, alcoholic drinks, sex)
-> In order to give up smoking, you need to
exercise great abstinence.
=> abstinent (adj)
19. obstinacy (n) = stubbornness = pig-
headedness (n)
20. endeavour (n): an attempt to do sth, esp
new or difficult
-> Please make every endeavour to arrive on
time.
-> The public bombarded the company with
complaints in an endeavour to have the price
increases revoked.
21. willpower (n): [U] ability -> control your
thoughts, actions => achieve what you want
-> She managed to finish the race by sheer
willpower.
22. provide a solution (phr)
-> For ppl with hearing difficulties, telephones
with volume controls provide the best solution.
23. aristocracy (n): ppl born in the highest social
class
= nobility (n)
-> members of the ~
24. wield (v): have & use power, authority,…
-> Members of the aristocracy don’t wield a
great deal of power nowadays.
________ (v): hold sth, ready -> use it as a
weapon/tool
= brandish (v)
-> He was wielding a large knife.
25. sway sb (v) = influence sb (v)
-> He’s easily swayed.
26. harden SB/STH/yourself (v): make sb less
kind/affected by extreme situations
-> After many years as a doctor, he had become
hardened to scenes of human distress.
-> They were hardened criminals.
-> In this job you have to harden your heart to
pain and suffering.
27. spur SB on to (do) STH (v)
28. accountable (adj): responsible for your
decisions, actions -> expected to explain them
when you are asked
-> accountable to SB: Those men were appointed
by the directors and are accountable only to
them.
29. rip up (phr v): tear sth -> small pieces
30. su‘perlative (adj) = excellent = first-rate (adj)
-> a ~ performance
31. overrule (v): change/reject a decision/idea
from a position of greater power
= override (v)
-> to overrule a decision/an objection
32. supreme (adj): highest in rank/position
-> It is an event in which she reigns supreme.
___________(adj): very great; the greatest
-> to make the supreme sacrifice (die for what
you believe in)
II. GRAMMAR:
1. would think = used to think
-> I am surprised you didn’t like the film. I would
think it was just your kind of things.
2. reduced clause, it/there + is adj + SB do STH:
chủ ngữ giả thì vẫn ok
-> Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a
terrible cook.
3. have known SB/STH (to) do STH (v): have
seen, heard, experienced STH
-> I have never known him (to) pay for a drink.
-> He has been known to spend all morning in
the bathroom.
4. It was the little boy ___ they thought was to
blame for the broken window.
-> who: tại vì was to blame
5. let’s not = don’t let’s
-> Let’s not tell her what we did.
-> Don’t let’s tell her what we did. (British)
6. You think you are funny, _______?
-> do you: Mày nghĩ là mày hài hước hả
=> I like apples, don’t you?
-> How about you
7. pay a premium (phr)
-> He was willing to pay a premium for a house
near the sea.
8. only (conj): but; were it not for the fact that
-> I’d love to come, only I have to work.
-> It tastes like chicken, only stronger.
9. Đối thoại:
- ____________.
- So + S + V
-> an agreement to what has just been said
-> - You have just put the teapot in the fridge.
- So I have!
10. only too = all too + positive ADJ
-> We shall be only too pleased if you can spend
a few days with us.
11. Whatever + N, …
-> Whatever his problems, he has no right to
behave like that.
12. if (conj) = although
-> His style, if simple, is pleasant to read.
-> He’s a good driver, if a little over-confident.
-> We’ll only do it once – if at all.
III. PARTICLES:
1. root out (phr v): find SB/STH that is causing
problems => get rid of them
-> Time has come to root out inefficiency.
2. brave it out: deal barely with STH frightening/
difficult
-> They had far fewer votes than the opposition,
but they decided to brave it out.
3. brave SB/STH (v): have to deal with SB/STH
difficult/unpleasant => achieve STH
-> Over a thousand people braved the elements
to attend the march. (went outside despite bad
weather)
4. muddle along (phr v): continue doing sth w/o
any clear plan/purpose
-> Decide what you want in life – don’t just
muddle along.
5. dash off (phr v): write/draw sth very quickly
-> She dashed off a note to her husband saying
she would not be home for supper.
6. be hauled (up) before SB/STH: be made to
appear in court
-> He was hauled up before the local magistrates
for dangerous driving.
7. magistrate(n): judge in the lowest court of law
= Justice of the Peace
8. bargain for/on STH (phr v): expect sth to
happen
-> We knew the project would be difficult but
we didn’t bargain for/on this kind of trouble.
-> When he agreed to answer a few questions,
he got more than he bargained for.
9. play along with SB/STH (phr v): pretend to
agree with SB/STH
-> She has decided to play along with the
robbers for a while.
10. be/get carried away: get very excited; lose
control of your feelings
-> The manager warned his young players not to
get carried away by the emotion of the occasion.
11. end off (phr v): bring to an end, conclude
-> There’s nothing like a spa treatment to end
off a relaxing day spent on the beach on an Olu
Deniz holiday.
12. perk up (phr v) = brighten
-> A cup of coffee never fails to perk me up.
13. sound off about STH (phr v): express your
opinions loudly and aggressively
-> He’s always sounding off about how he would
manage the firm.
IV. VOCABULARY:
1. flimsy/pathetic/feeble/lame excuse
-> I’ve heard some lame excuses in my time, but
your story is utterly ludirous.
2. ludicrous (adj) = absurd = ridiculous =
unreasonable
-> It is ludicrous to think that the plan could
succeed.
3. ruthless (adj): hard & cruel; determined to get
what you want, not caring if you hurt others
-> We’ll have to be ruthless if we want to make
this company more efficient.
4. contagious (adj)
-> Sally had to stay in her room for an extra day
in case her measles were still contagious.
5. compost (n): a mixture of decayed plants,
food -> help plants grow
-> You can make your own compost in a
compost bin.
6. biodegradable (adj) ≠ non-biodegradable (adj)
7. compulsive (adj) = incorrigible (adj)
-> compulsive eating/spending/gambling
-> a compulsive drinker/gambler/liar
___________ (adj): (film, play, sports event,
book) very interesting, exciting -> cant stop
-> Her latest book is compulsive reading/a
compulsive read.
8. incorrigible (adj) -> CORRECT: having bad
habits that can’t be changed/improved
= incurable (adj)
-> I’m an incorrigible/incurable optimist.
9. vague (adj) ≠ clear (adj)
-> to have a vague impression/memory/
recollection of sth
_______ (adj) = absent-minded (adj)
-> She seems to be getting rather vague as she
grows older.
10. cursory (adj) = brief = perfunctory
-> a cursory glance/examination/inspection
-> Roger asked his teacher to check his work, but
she only gave it a cursory glance.
11. obscene (adj): -> sex -> offensive
-> obscene gestures/language/books
-> I’m not going to repeat the obscene word that
boy said to me!
__________ (adj): (money) outrageous
-> It’s obscene to spend so much on food when
millions are starving.
12. pass out (phr v) = faint
13. die out (phr v) = become extinct
14. drown SB/STH out (v): (sound) be louder >
other sounds -> you can’t hear them
-> I turned the music up but still couldn’t drown
out the sound of the neighbors’ arguing.
15. pass down (phr v)
-> Lucy wanted to pass down her diamonds to
her great granddaughter.
16. wind up (phr v) = end up -> idea
-> If you’re not careful, you’ll wind up 31. confirmed (adj): having a particular habit/
unemployed. way of life -> not likely to change
17. wear down (phr v): continuously pressuring -> a confirmed bachelor
on SB/STH -> make them weaker/less 32. confirmed _________
determined -> meat eater
-> I told Jack I wasn’t going to come, but he wore -> atheist
me down. -> chocaholics
18. wear SB/yourself out (phr v): make 33. atheist (n): person who does not believe that
yourself/SB feel very tired God exists
-> You’ll wear yourself out if you carry on 34. staple __________
working so hard. -> diet
19. bog SB/STH down in STH (phr v): prevent SB -> excuses (used all the time)
from making progress in an activity -> ingredients
-> We mustn’t get bogged down in details. 35. cloud _________
20. get wind of STH = eavesdrop on SB/STH -> my conscience
-> She didn’t want reporters getting wind of -> mood
their plans. -> mind
21. get into hot water = be in hot water = in -> the issue/picture
deep water(s) = in the shit = in deep shit = in 36. dispel (v): make a feeling/belief go away
trouble -> His speech dispelled any fears about his
22. be at the end of your rope/tether: can’t feal health.
with a difficult situation any more bc you are too 37. dispel _________
tired, worried,.. -> the myth
-> You’d better let her know you’re safe. She’s at -> rumors/doubts
the end of her rope. -> fears
23. fall flat: (joke, story, event) completely fail to 38. cut SB off (phr v) = disinherit (v)
have the effect as intended -> He cut his son off without a penny.
-> Without Jem, the whole evening would have 39. be cut off from SB/STH (phr v): prevented
fallen flat. from communicating with ppl outside
24. fall flat on your face: fail completely in an -> He cut himself off from all human contact.
embarrassing way 40. (be) cut off from __________
-> His next television venture fell flat on its face. -> the rest of the world
25. pass over STH (phr v) = ignore/avoid = let it -> civilisation
pass = overlook (v) -> society
-> They chose to pass over her rude remarks. 41. immune = oblivious = impervious (adj)
26. shock SB out of their ________ -> Rupert is immune to criticism; you can say
-> ignorance what you like, but he won’t care at all.
-> complacency 42. deficient in STH (adj): not having enough of
-> daydream STH essential
27. take drastic action -> If you’re deficient in vitamin C, you’ll suffer
28. drastic ________ from all kinds of problems.
-> action 43. be derived from = derive from (phr v): come/
-> measure develop from
-> changes -> This shampoo is derived from verious plant
29. expound (v): explain STH in details oils.
30. expound a ________ 44. eligible (adj)
-> theory -> eligible for STH
-> view -> eligible to do STH
V. WORD FORMS:
1. downcast (adj) -> CAST = dejected = sad =
depressed
=> forlorn, bereft, hollow,…
2. enriching (adj) -> RICH
-> Few events are anticipated more eagerly, nor
form the subject of more complex and enriching
daydreams. [(nothing else than holiday plans)
can be more wonderful daydreams]
3. outside of = apart from
-> They offer us perhaps our finest chance to
achieve happiness – outside of the constraints of
work, of our struggle for survival and for status.
4. unknowingly (adv) -> KNOW = unintentionally
-> The way we choose to spend them embodies,
if only unknowingly, an understanding of what
life might ideally be about.
5. tragicomic (adj) -> TRAGEDY: bi hài kịch :))
-> the tragicomic failure of his dreams
6. half-built (adj) -> BUILD: not finished or
completed
-> the half-built hotel
7. disorientation (n)
-> She went through of a period of shock and
disorientation following her husband’s death.
8. despair (n): [U] the feeling of having lost all
hope
-> the mid-afternoon despair
-> He gave up the struggle in despair
-> One harsh word would send her into the
depths of despair.
-> Eventually, driven to despair, he threw
himself under a train.
9. lethargy = listlessness = inertia (n)
-> The report criticizes the lethargy shown by
employers when it comes to job creation.
10. setback (n) -> SET: STH that makes a
situation worse
-> The team suffered a major setback when
their best player was injured.
11. herbicide (n) -> HERB
-> Selective herbicides kill certain targets while
leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed.
=> insecticide, pesticide
12. foreshadow STH (v) -> SHADOW: be a sign of
STH that will happen in the future
-> The increase in taxes had foreshadowed in
the minister’s speech.
-> His sudden death had been foreshadowed by
earlier health scares.
13. self-service (adj, n) -> SERVE: [U] customers
serve themselves and pay for the goods
-> Supermarkets say the move towards self-
service checkouts is not all about cutting costs.
14. lay-by (n): an area at the side of a road ->
vehicles may stop for a short time
-> lay-bys (plr)
-> When we first had our campervan, I had ideas
of possibly stopping in lay-bys for free.
15. ac‘climatize = ‘acclimate (v) = get used to =
get accustomed to
-> People living in the tropics who are
acclimatized to heat have a larger blood volume.
16. maternity (n) -> MOTHER: the state of being
a mother
-> maternity clothes
-> a maternity ward/hospital
=> maternal – maternity; paternal – paternity;
parental – parents
17. ashore (adv) -> SHORE: lên bờ, tới bờ
-> to come/go ashore
-> natural gas brought ashore by pipelines
18. offshore (adv) -> SHORE: in the sea, not far
from the land
-> a ship anchored offshore
__________ (adv): (gió) thổi từ bờ ra
≠ onshore (adv) (gió)
19. inshore (adv) -> SHORE: gần bờ
-> The boat came inshore.
20. commemorate (v) -> MEMORY
-> We commemorate the founding of the nation
by a public holiday.
21. denounce (v) -> PRONOUNCE = rebuke =
reprimand = haul/rake SB over the coals
-> The boss denounced one of his workers for
slacking off in the middle of work.
22. slack off (on STH) (phr v): do STH with less
energy than before
-> He’s gone from success to success in his
movie career, and there’s no sign of him slacking
off.
23. denunciation (n) = rebuke = reprimand
-> All parties joined in bitter denunciation of the
terrorists.
-> He received a severe reprimand for his
behavior.
24. -fold (suffix): multiplied by
-> He shall receive as hundred-fold now in this
time.
25. clear-cut (adj) -> CLEAR: definite
-> There is no clear-cut answer to this question.
-> He won a clear-cut victory in yesterday’s
election.
26. pseudo- (prefix): false, pretended
-> pseudo-Christian (n) -> CHRIST
-> New evidence of how pseudo-Christian cults
target young ppl has been published recently in
China.
27. prolong (v) -> LONG = extend
-> Please do not prolong the discussion
unnecessarily.
-> Don’t prolong the agony – just tell us who
won!
28. lengthen (v): make/ become longer
= elongate (v)
≠ shorten (v)
-> The afternoon shadows lengthened.
-> I need to lengthen this skirt.
VI. OPEN CLOZE TEST:
1. keen (adj): (competition) involving ppl
competing very hard with each other
-> They were keen rivals.
2. SB’s cup of tea = SB’s bag
3. hold (v)
-> to hold an event/a party/a competition
4. be to do STH: plan
5. credentials (plr n): qualities, training, exp ->
suitable to do STH
-> credentials as/for STH: She has impeccable
credentials as a reseacher
6. whatever + N = regardless of
-> Anyone can sign up – whatever their
credentials – from the old hand to a new cruit.
7. irrigation (n): [U] practice of supplying water -
> area of land through pipes/channels -> crops
will grow
-> Irrigation has increased the area of cultivable
land.
8. extravaganza (n) -> EXTRAVAGANT: a large,
expensive, impressive entertainment
-> The parade was a real extravaganza.
9. e‘litist (adj): only elites have power or
influence
-> Universities are becoming far less elitist.
________(adj): feeling better than others bc of
being an elite
-> She accused him of being elitist.
10. pedestal (n): chân tượng, cột
11. to put/place SB on a pedestal: admire SB so
much -> you don’t see their faults
-> We put athletes and movie stars on a
pedestal.
12. the vernacular (n): language spoken by
ordinary ppl in a particular region
13. a hold over/on (n): influence, power, control
over SB/STH
-> What she knew about his past gave her a hold
over him.
14. wonder (n): [U] feeling -> surprise, pleasure -
> exp STH beautiful, unusual, unexpected
-> He retained a childlike sense of wonder.
15. ‘shaman (n): thầy mo
16. spectrum (n): a complete range of related
qualities, ideas,…
-> spectra (plr)
-> We shall hear views from across the political
spectrum.
17. take STH as… = resort to STH
-> She took nature as her primal source.
18. primal (adj) = primeval
19. slushy (adj): (story, film, feelings) silly,
without value -> too emotional and romantic
-> slushy romantic fiction
20. twaddle (n) = nonsense = rubbish = trash
-> Sure, there’s some slushy sentimental
twaddle in there, but why use that as an excuse
to discriminate against nature poetry in general?
21. supremacy (n): [U] position -> have more
power, authority, status than anyone else
-> The company has established total supremacy
over its rivals.
22. onslaught (n): a strong, violent attack
-> The town survives the onslaught of tourists
every summer.
VII. MISTAKE CORRECTION:
1. on a ADJ morning – in the morning – on the
morning of STH
-> On a typical morning, I’ll have cereal for
breakfast.
-> I prefer coffee in the morning.
-> We got news on the morning of the wedding.
2. enervate SB (v): make SB feel weak & tired
-> an enervating disease/climate
3. pore over STH = examine
-> His lawyers are poring over the small print in
the contract.
4. bedfellow (n) -> FELLOW: SB/STH related to
another, in a way that you would not expect
-> Commerce and art make strange bedfellows.
-> Politics and fun make for unlikely bedfellows.
-> Melancholy and regrets were my bedfellows
on that Caribbean isle, acting like panes of
distorting glass between myself and the world.
VIII. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:
1. go through the roof: (prices) rise, increase
very quickly
-> House prices here have gone through the
roof.
__________________ = hit the roof = go
bananas
2. put STH down to STH = attribute STH to =
ascribe STH to
-> Stan puts his success down to his good
education.
3. you could hear a pin drop: it was extremely
quiet
-> You could have heard a pin drop after the
manager said the factory would be closing.
4. be getting on for…: be nearly a time, age,
number
-> He’s getting on for eighty.
5. The fox was released into the wild when it
was old enough to fend for itself.
6. cast/shed/throw light on STH: make STH
easier to understand
-> Recent research has cast new light on the
causes of the disease.
7. by and large = in general = generally
(speaking) = for the most part
-> By and large, the company has been pretty
good to me.
8. not so much A as B = not so much A but rather
B = more of B than A
-> It was more of a deliberate crime than an
accident.
9. perish (v): (ppl, animals) die, esp in a sudden
violent way
-> A family of four perished in the fire.
10. perish the thought: used to say that you find
a suggestion unacceptable / you hope STH will
never happen
-> Me get married? Perish the thought!
11. heave/breath a sigh of relief
-> I breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
12. senses (plr n): a normal state of mind; ability
to think clearly
-> If she threatens to leave, it should bring him
to his senses.
-> He waited for Dora to come to her sense and
return.
-> You must have been out of your senses to
have sold the house.
13. at a low ebb: in a poor state, worse than
usual
-> Morale among teachers is at a low ebb.
14. go off the rails: lose control and function
uncorrectly
-> The company has gone badly off the rails in
recent years.
-> She went completely off the rails after her
sister died.
15. prey on your mind
-> You shouldn’t let trivial matters prey on your
mind to such an extent.
16. station SB/yourself + adv/prep: position
-> The detective stationed himself among the
bushes.
17. rather you than me: you wouldn’t like to do
STH that another person is going to do
-> ‘I’m going climbing tomorrow.’ ‘Rather you
than me!’
18. suit yourself
19. that’ll be the day
IX. READING:
1. unsettling (adj) -> SETTLE: making you feel
upset, nervous, worried
-> Seeing Nicky again after so long was an
unsettling experience.
2. dismal (adj) = gloomy = miserable
-> dismal conditions/surroundings/weather
-> Christmas will be dismal without the children.
________(adj): not successful; of very low
quality
-> Their recent attempt to increase sales has
been a dismal failure.
3. compelling (adj) = compulsive
-> Her latest book makes compelling reading.
-> His eyes were strangely compelling.
___________(adj): so strong -> can’t resist
-> a compelling need/desire
-> He was a sad man with a compelling need to
talk about his unhappiness.
___________(adj): that makes you think it’s true
-> There is no compelling reason to believe him.
-> The new studies provide compelling evidence
in support of these concepts.
4. rivall SB/STH for/in STH (v): be as good,
impressive as SB/STH else
= compare with/to
-> Golf cannot rival football for excitement.
5. unrivalled = unsurpassed = unparalleled =
unequalled = peerless = unmatched (adj)

= stand head and shoulders above = knock spots

off SB/STH = be second to none = be without
equal = have no equal = have no/few equals = in
a league of your own = be a cut above the rest

* OUTDO (v) = run rings around/round SB = go

one better than SB/STH = blow SB/STH out of
the water
6. conspicuous (adj): easy to see/notice; likely to
attract attention
≠ inconspicuous (adj)
-> The event was a conspicuous success.
7. pictorial (adj) -> PICTURE: [b4 N] using or
containing pictures
-> Pictorial representation of statistics or data in
a chart is a kind of pictogram.
_________(adj): connected with pictures
-> pictorial traditions
8. delineation (n): act of describing, drawing,
explaining STH in details / description, drawing,
explanation of STH
-> No clear delineation of responsibilities
existed.
____________(n): act of showing the exact
position of a border/limit
-> the delineation between good and evil
9. retrogressive (adj) ≠ progressive
-> a retrogressive change
10. stagnation (n): [U] the fact of no longer
developing/making progress
-> a period of economic stagnation
11. outmoded (adj): no longer fashionable/
useful
-> an outmoded attitude
-> This organizational structure was now
outmoded.