Worksheet 3-1

ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

ENGLISH PREP UNIT
SUPPLEMENTARY REVISION MATERIAL – III
LANGUAGE USE
A. VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words/phrases you choose from the box below. You should change
the forms when necessary. Use them only ONCE. There are three extra words.
Rush hour Have a guess Stay motivated Take the next step
Hilarious Spot Memorable Communication
Seek Essential Massive Decrease
Increase Bucket list Inspiration Risky
Passengers Filthy Make a decision Tiny
Furious Expectation Come up with
1. Charles Dickens’ novels are very clear and _____________________. For example, I remember all the
books I read by him.
2. Travelling in this part of the city is still considered _____________________ because of the narrow roads
and wild animals.
3. I am not asking you to _____________________ now. You can think about the situation and tell me your
choice later.
4. If you _____________________ Mom and Dad coming, warn me!
5. You should be focused, review your goals regularly, and keep the momentum high to
_____________________.
6. A good diet is _____________________ if you want to stay healthy because it protects you against
diseases and infections.
7. I will call Ali to say that I will be late for the meeting. I got caught in the morning
_____________________. My car hasn’t moved for 5 minutes.
8. The home was _____________________, and he didn’t even think about cleaning it. It was disgusting!
9. Residents in the area are _____________________ at the decision. They were especially so angry at the
neighbors who didn’t support them.
10. The film was absolutely _____________________. Me and my friends couldn’t stop laughing.
11. Victoria’s apartment is so _____________________. I think that is why she lives alone because there is
no room for someone else in the house.
12. They _____________________ the number of busses. I had to wait for 2 hours at the bus stop to go to
my house this morning.
13. She always _____________________ new ideas. That is why everybody asks her first about project ideas.
14. We were ready to _____________________ at that point, so we got married after 2 weeks of our
engagement.
15. The population _____________________dramatically in the first half of the century. There are more
people than in the past now.
16. A good _____________________ is important in a romantic relationship because partners should be
able to talk about their ideas and feelings in an open way.
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
17. He has always been a source of _____________________ for me. Whatever he does motivates me and
makes me more creative.
18. All the _____________________ must wear their seatbelts during the flight.
19. The castle on the hills is _____________________. It has 34 rooms and a big garden.
20. The new graduates are _____________________ employment because they need money.
Exercise 2: Choose the best preposition from the bold written words.
1. John is looking of / for / into a new job.
2. He had no time to prepare in / for / of the exam, so he will fail.
3. Is this job suitable for / of / at her? The job requires a MA degree.
4. The company is proud for / of / on its achievements.
5. The children are aware of / for / at the importance of doing their homework.
6. They wouldn’t ask of / for / into help if they weren’t in real danger.
Exercise 3: Match the words with their meanings.
1. Sibling A. Finally
2. Tantrum B. extremely valuable
3. Eventually C. a brother or sister
4. Priceless D. to remember a particular event or fact from the past
5. Erase E. to state that something is true even though it hasn’t been proved
6. Striking F. unusual or interesting enough to be noticed
7. Claim G. a sudden short period when a child behaves angrily
8. Recall H. to remove information from a computer memory
Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words you choose from Exercise III. You should change the
forms when necessary. Use them only ONCE.
1. The computer crashed and all our records were ________________.

2. It is a tall plant with ________________ red flowers in early spring. It is not possible for you not to see it.
3. The house was full of ________________ antiques.
4. She ________________ she was fired from her job for being ignorant last month, but nobody knows the
truth.
5. David ________________ an incident that happened in the family home 12 years ago.
6. Many parents and teachers back down when a massive ________________ happens.
7. The story is too long, but he ________________ escaped and made his way back to England.
8. Most young smokers are influenced by their older ________________ because they share the same house
all the time.
GRAMMAR
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
Single or repeated actions in the past, when we Single or repeated actions that happened at a
don’t know the date of the action or it isn’t definite time in the past.
important. o I drove a racing car in the summer.
o I have driven automatic car before. o We went to the theatre twice last month.
o We’ve been to the theatre many times. o Real Madrid won the match yesterday.
o We’ve won six matches this season.
Situations that started in the past and are still Situations that started and finished in the past:
continuing: o Alex worked at the garage for two years.
o Tom has worked at the garage for two years. (he isn’t working there now.)
(He is working there now.) o He sold twenty cars in August.
o He’s sold fifteen cars this month. o We had three yoga lessons in July.
o We’ve had three yoga lessons this month.
Time expressions: before, ever, never, already, o Time expressions: yesterday, last month,
just, yet, so far, up till now, for+ period of time, ago,in 2007, in the summer, in June, etc.
o since+ date
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs using “Present Perfect Tense” or “Past
Simple”.
1. What ---------- (you / learn) since you ---------- (come) here? How many friends----------- (you /
make)? I hope you ----------- --(already / meet) a lot of interesting people.
2. Mr. Clark -----------(work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
3. Your car looks very clean ----------- (you / wash) it?
4. A: Have some tea, please.
B: No, thank you. I ----------- (just / have) two cups of tea.
5. A: ---------- the plane----------- (land) ?
B: Yes, it ----------- (land) ten minutes ago.
6. A: ---------- you -----------(speak) to an Englishman?
B: Yes, I ----------- (have) a short conversation with one last night.
7. A: ---------- you -----------(see) Jane recently?
B: No, I ----------- (not/ see) her for a long time.
8. Helen (complete) ---------- the test half an hour before the end.
Exercise 2: Complete the text with suitable forms of the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or
past simple.
Electric cars — Latest update
A small American car manufacturer (0) has just announced (just announce) that its experimental electric
car, the Lexington XJ, will go into production this year. Markton Automobiles, of Detroit, Michigan, (1) ------
--- (make) the announcement at last month's Auto Show in Geneva. Although there are now many electric
cars on the market, so far manufacturers (2)------------(not be able) to produce one that can really compete
with existing petrol cars. There are two major problems, speed and distance. Up until now, electric cars (3)
---------- (be) either too slow or unable to travel far enough without recharging their batteries. Markton
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
Automobiles claim that they (4) . ……… (overcome) these difficulties with a new type of solar panel which
continually recharges the batteries. The company (5) ---------- (not give) the press exact details yet, but they
claim they (6) ------ ---- (already test) the car successfully under all kinds of weather conditions. A Japanese
company (7) ---------- (first design) the engine in 2007. But over the last few years Markton (8)____ (adapt)
the design and increased its power.
Exercise 3: Complete the conversation with words and phrases from the box. There are three extra words
or phrases.
hasn’t told told has told have you done have used was
has been happened had just has decided have just fallen has given
Alec: Hi, Judi, I’m home!

Judi: Shh. Don't disturb the children. They (1) ----------------- asleep.
Alec: OK. I’ll be quiet. So, how are things? What (2) ------------------today?
Judi: Not much. It (3) ----------------- a quiet day really. What about you?
Alec: Quite an exciting day. The boss (4)------------------ me a new job!
Judi: Wow. That’s fantastic. What (5) ---------------- ?
Alec: Sylvia (6) --------- to move Eddie to the Toronto office. So, I've got his job!
She (7)______me about it at lunchtime. It (8)______a real surprise!
Judi: Well, I hope you’ll get more money because we (9) -----------------all our savings.
PRESENT AND PAST ABILITY

We usually use can or can’t to talk about general abilities in the present and could or couldn't to talk about general
abilities in the past.
*I can play the violin now, but I couldn’t when I was ten years old.
When we talk about achieving something on a specific occasion, we use be able to (= have the ability to)
*The burglar was able to go into the room.
We use managed to to express that the action is/was a difficult one and we achieved to do it (= succeed in doing
something difficult)
*We managed to get to the top of the mountain.
Present Past
+ Bob can play the piano. + Bob could play the piano when he was
can - I can’t swim. young.
? Can you climb a tree? could - I couldn’t (could not) swim.
Yes, I can / No, I can’t ? Could you ride a horse daddy?
Yes, I could/ No, I couldn’t
be able to + I am able to sing well. be able to + They were able to see well.
(am, is, are) -She isn’t able to come to the party. (was, -She wasn’t able to come to the party.
? Is he able to drive? were) ? Were you able to crawl?
Yes, he is /No, he isn’t Yes, they were/ No, they weren’t
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
manage to + She often manages to do the managed +The bird managed to escape from its cage
homework on her own. to and fly away.
- We don’t manage to carry heavy -They didn't manage to find a solution.
bags, we have a backache. ? Did you manage to open that can?
? Do you manage to catch the first Yes, I did/No, I didn’t.
bus in the morning?
Yes, I do/ No, I don’t.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of can, could, be able to, manage to and the verbs in
brackets.
1. He had an accident last month and broke his leg, so he (not walk)______________now.
2. There aren’t many people who (speak) ___________ two languages fluently like him.
3. Surprisingly, the baby (take) ____________a few steps for the first time yesterday.
4. I’m afraid I (not play) _________ the guitar since I have a problem in my hand.
5. He (swim) _________________ very long distances when he was a teenager, but now he can’t.
6. Because she (sing) _____________ better than anyone in the class, she was asked to do a solo at the graduation ball.
7. We used to live in the mountains, so in winter, we (go) ___________ skiing whenever we liked.
8. I’ll finish my work in an hour, so I (help) ________ you then.
9. The maths exam was extremely difficult last week, but I (get) ___________ a high grade.
10.I (open) __________ the door yesterday night while carrying all 10 heavy bags.
11.She (ski) ____________ almost before she learned to walk.
12.I (not drink) _________ milk as a child because it always made me feel sick.
13.How did you (write) _____________ a book so soon after having a baby? It is very difficult.
14.The journey went fine yesterday, but we (not find) _________ their house so we used GPS.
15.Luckily, I (get) ___________ to the airport on time despite the traffic.
16.When I first moved to Argentina I only (speak) _________ a few words of Spanish.
17.He (not swim) __________ until he had lessons when he was 20 years old.
Exercise 5: Put in ‘can’ / ‘can’t’ / ‘could’ / ‘couldn’t’. If none is possible, use ‘be able to’ in the correct tense
1. _________________ you swim when you were 10?
2. We _________________ get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour.
3. He _________________ arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased.
4. He’s amazing, he _________________ speak 5 languages including Chinese.
5. I _________________ drive a car until I was 34, then I moved to the countryside so I had to learn.
6. I looked everywhere for my glasses but I _________________ find them anywhere.
7. I searched for your house for ages, luckily I _________________ find it in the end.
8. She’s 7 years old but she _________________ read yet – her parents are getting her extra lessons.
9. I read the book three times but I _________________ understand it.
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
10. James _________________ speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he’s forgotten most of it now. May be freely
copied for personal or classroom use.
11. I _________________ understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so difficult.
12. I _________________ lift this box – it’s too heavy! Would you help me?
13. Lucy _________________ make it to our meeting after all. She’s stuck in traffic at the moment.
14. John _________________ play tennis really well. He’s champion of his club.
15. Unfortunately, I really _________________ sing at all! No-one in my family is musical either.
16. When the car broke down I was really pleased because I _________________ solve the problem.
17. Julian _________________ play excellent golf when he was only ten.
18. My grandmother _________________ use a computer until last month. Since then, she’s been taking lessons at the
library.
19. I _________________ open this window. I think it’s stuck!
20. Gill _________________ play the piano. She’s never studied it.
NARRATIVE TENSES (PAST PERFECT, PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST SIMPLE)
PAST PERFECT
In 1999, Eileen Collins became the first woman

commander of a US space flight, but four years
earlier, she had also become the first female
American pilot in space.
Form
We form the past perfect with had + past participle.
The regular past participle ends in -ed (e.g. finished).
POSITIVE: I had already seen the film. She had met him before. We had finished early.
NEGATIVE: I had not (hadn't) seen it before. He had not (hadn't) met her before.
They had not (hadn't) finished the job.
QUESTIONS: Had you seen the film? (Yes, I had.) Had they finished the job? (No. they hadn't.)
Where had he met her before?
The order of past actions

➢ We can use the past perfect to show which action happened first:
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
(2) Before I finally found a job, (1) I had been to about thirty interviews.
On 12 July 1771, Cook's ship The Endeavour arrived back in Britain. Cook had not discovered a new
continent, but he had visited places never seen before.
In this example, 'not discovered' happened before 'arrived'.
➢ If one action happens immediately after the other, we use the past simple for both:
X When Colin had arrived at the door, Sheila opened it straight away.
✓ When Colin arrived at the door, Sheila opened it straight away.
➢ We often use adverbs of time and Iinking words with the past perfect:
Four years earlier, she had become the first American female pilot in space. (adverb)I'd
never liked Japanese food before but the meal Yuki cooked was lovely. (adverb)
By the time Grace decided to apply for the job, the position had been filled. (linking phrase)By
the time the ship reached the island, more than twenty sailors had died.
More than twenty sailors died before the ship reached the island.
➢ We often use the past perfect in stories to show a series of events in the past:
There was no answer from the house. No face at the window. Time had stopped here ... Where was
she? Where had she gone? The grass had grown thick ... (from Ghostwalk, by Rebecca Stott)
Past perfect or past simple?
We usually use the past simple, not the past perfect
➢ if the order of actions is clear: I got my first job after I left university.
➢ if the order of actions is the same as the order of the verbs in the sentence. Compare:
When I got to the café, everyone ordered their drinks.
(= First, I got to the café, then everyone ordered their drinks.)

When I got to the café, everyone had ordered their drinks.
(= First, everyone ordered their drinks, then I got to the café.)
Giving reasons
➢ We can use the past perfect to give a reason for an action or situation, often with because:
Eileen Collins became the commander because she had already flown as a space pilot.
Emily was unhappy — her husband hadn't bought her a birthday present.
Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verbs in
brackets.
1) When I (try) ------ to use my laptop, I realized that the battery (run) ------- down.
2) I (turn) ------ the computer off, but I forgot that I (not save) ------- my work.
3) I only remembered I (not pay) ------ the bill when my internet connection (stop) ------- working.
4) As soon as I (download) ------ the document, I knew I (make) ------- a mistake.
5) When I (check) ------ the instructions, I understood what I (do)----- -- .
6) I could see what (go) ------- wrong as soon as I (look) ------- inside the printer.
7) Columbus (leave) ------- Spain In August 1492 with three ships, to try and find a way to India by
sailing west instead of east. When his ships finally (reach) ------------------ land on 12 October, he thought he
was there, but the ships (actually/arrive) ----------------- in America instead.
Exercise 7: Read these sentences about Julius Caesar. Then complete the sentence with the past
simple or past perfect form of the verb in brackets.
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
1) Julius Caesar (come) came from an aristocratic Roman family, though his family was not rich by
Roman standards.
2) When he was 15 his father (die) ------------ and to avoid political problems in Rome, Caesar
3) (serve) ------------ as a soldier in the east.
4) By the time he (return) ------ to Rome, he (win) -------------awards for bravery.
5) He (become) ------------ a member of the Senate, and governor of what is now Spain.
6) By the age of 40, he (rise) ------ to the top of the political world, and (form)--------------a political
alliance with a powerful general, Pompey, and a rich man, Crassus.
7) Between 58 BC and 49 BC, he (fight) ------------ a war against the people of what are now France,
Belgium, Switzerland and pans of Germany.
8) By the end of this war, according to the historian Plutarch, three million men (die) ---------- -- .
9) In 50 BC, the Senate (order)------------- Caesar to return to Rome. By that time, Crassus was dead
and Pompey (become) ------------------------ Caesar’s enemy.
10) By the time a group of Roman Senators (murder) ------ him in 44 BC, he (be)------------- the most
powerful man in Rome for only a year.
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
for single or repeated completed actions in to describe an unfinished action at or around a

the past: time in the past:
We arrived at the hotel at three o'clock. When we arrived at the hotel, the maid was
He went on many expeditions to Africa. cleaning our room.
He was searching for the source of the Nile.
We use when + past simple, followed by past for an action in progress when something else
simple, when one action happened AFTER happened:
another one. Compare: While he was searching for the source of the River
When Isabel joined us, we watched a DVD. (= Nile, he disappeared.
Isabel came and then we watched a DVD.) 'Were you playing football when you sprained your
When Isabel joined us, we were watching a ankle?
DVD. (= We were already watching a DVD at "No, I wasn't doing anything like that. I was running
the time Isabel came.)
downstairs and I tripped over my trousers!'
➢ We use the past continuous to describe an action or situation happening at or around a time in
the past:
I wasn't feeling well that day, so I didn't go out with the others.
➢ Also, use past continuous for activities as background information:
The rainforest was full of sounds. Birds were calling from the trees, and thousands of insects
were buzzing and humming.
When we arrived at the beach, the sun wasn't shining.
➢ We use the past continuous for actions or situations that were unfinished at a past time and
which were interrupted by shorter events (described using the past simple).
While I was waiting at the bus stop, I saw an accident.
➢ We also use the past continuous to 'set the scene' for a story or account of something that
happened; the actions that follow are in the past simple:
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
Dana was living in Istanbul that summer. Işık was working at the same school as her. As soon as they
met, they immediately got on with each other ...
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
Exercise 8: Choose the correct form, A, B or C, to complete the sentences.

On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British schoolgirl, 1. C on the beach with her
family. They 2. Christmas in Thailand. Suddenly Tilly 3. that something was wrong.
She could see that the water 4. and waves 5. up the beach. The beach 6. smaller
and smaller. She 7. that there had been an earthquake in Sumatra that morning, but she
8. geography lesson she 9. at school just two weeks before. So, she 10. her
mother what she 11. about earthquakes and giant waves. Luckily for the Smith family, Tilly's
teacher Andrew Kearney 12. the class about earthquakes and 13. them a video of a
tsunami in Hawaii. Tilly 14. screaming at her parents to get off the beach. They 15.
Tilly back to their hotel. which was not too close to the shore, and 16. the alarm. One of the
staff, who was Japanese, 17. the word tsunami, and 18. everyone to leave the
beach. From their room on the third floor, the Smiths 19. the terrible effects of the tsunami
on the area. Thanks to Tilly, everybody from that beach 20. that terrible day.
1. a) walked b) had walked c) was walking

2. a) spent b) had spent c) were spending
3. a) felt b) had felt c) was feeling
4. a) rose b) had risen c) was rising
5. a) didn’t come b) had come c) were coming
6. a) got b) had got c) was getting
7. a) didn’t know b) hadn’t known c)wasn’t knowing
8. a) suddenly remembered b) had remembered suddenly c) was suddenly remembering
9. a) had b) had had c) was having
10. a) told b) had told c) was telling
11. a) learnt b) had learnt c) was learning
12. a) taught b) had taught c) was teaching
13. a) showed b) had shown c) was showing
14. a) started b) had started c) was starting
15. a) took b) had taken c) were taking
16 a) raised b) had raised c)were raising
17. a) understood b) had understood c) was understanding
18. a) ordered b) had ordered c) was ordering
19. a) watched b) had watched c) were watching
20. a) survived b) had survived c) was surviving
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
Exercise 9: Underline the correct form.
A. How 0. do you get on / are you getting on in Paris? Sorry I 1. haven't written / I'm not writing /
hadn’t written before but 2. I train / I've been training / I’m training hard for my basketball team. We
3. had played / have played / played in a tournament last week. We 4. were coming / come / came
third! I really 5. enjoy / enjoyed / have enjoyed taking part, but 6. I haven't done / wasn't doing / did
anything else for the past month.
B. Unfortunately, when Sarah's big day 7. arrived / was arriving / has arrived, things 8. have gone /
went / are going disastrously wrong at first. For a start, it 9. was raining / has rained / rains and as
the traffic was so heavy, she 10. arrived / was arriving / had arrived nearly ten minutes late for her
interview. Then while she 11. was crossing / has crossed / crosses the road, a passing bus 12. splashed
/ was splashing / had splashed her with water. But inside the building her luck 13. changed
/ has changed / was changing. “Mr. Fortescue 14. is expecting / has expected / expected me” she
15. was telling / tells / told the receptionist. “He 16. hasn't arrived / wasn’t arriving / didn’t arrive
yet,” she was told. “Just take a seat.” Perhaps everything would be all right after all.
C. An art historian 17. has discovered / had discovered / was discovering two missing paintings by Fra
Angelico (c 1395-1455) in the home of a pensioner from Oxford who 18. has died / died / was dying
earlier this year. Jean Preston 19. bought / has bought / had bought the paintings when she
20. works / was working / has worked in America in the 1960s. Shortly before her death, a friend
21. recognized / was recognizing / has recognized them as part of a group of six small paintings which
Angelico 22. painted / has painted / paints in 1439. Miss Preston 23. paid / had paid / was
paying about £200 for the pair, but experts 24. say / said / told they are now worth around £1
million.
D. When the police stopped / were stopping / has stopped Smith's car for a routine check, they
realized that he was the man who robbed / had robbed / was robbing the bank.
E. I woke up in the middle of the night and turned on / was turning / had turned on the light. Someone
or something climbed / was climbing/ has climbed in my window.
F. Unfortunately Jan arrived / was arriving at the station at 3.25, and found that she missed / had
missed the train.
G. On the morning of the accident, Mr. Davis just finished / had just finished a night shift at a local
factory, and didn't have / hadn't had any sleep for 24 hours.
H. Captain Robert Scott wanted to reach the South Pole first. He and his companions finally arrived/
had arrived / have arrived there on 1 January 1912 after a terrible journey across the ice, but found/
had found / was finding a Norwegian flag. Unfortunately for Scott, Roald Amundsen got/ had got/
was getting there on 14 December, 18 days earlier.
I. I’m sorry I didn’t answer / wasn’t answering the phone earlier, but I was painting / had painted
the ceiling in my bedroom.
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
REVIEW OF THE VERB TENSES
Exercise 10: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. (Simple present tense, present
continuous tense, present perfect tense, past tense, past continuous tense)
A. My little boy and I ……………………1.(love) playing with basketball. Yesterday, I ……………………2.(play)

with him. He ………………….3.(catch) the ball most of the time, but sometimes he ………………….4. (drop) it.
B. I …………………5.(work) a lot every weekend. Yesterday, it…………………..6.(be) the same. While I
………………7.(look) at the computer screen, I ………………….8.(start) to feel a little dizzy, so I ……………9.(take) a
break. While I ……………..10.(take) a short break outdoors and ………………11.(enjoy) the warmth of the sun on
my face, an elderly gentleman ………………….12.(come) up to me and …………………..13.(ask) for directions to
the public library. After I ………………..14.(tell) him how to get there, he ……………….15.(thank) me and
……………..16.(go) on his way. Soon a big Cloud ……………….17. (come) and ………………..18.(cover) the sun, so I
…………………..19.(go) back inside to work.
C. This moring, Bob…………………….20.(comb) his hair when the comb ………………..21.(break), so he
………………..22.(finish) coming his hair with his fingers and ……………….23.(rush) out the door to class. He
……………….24.(apologize) to the teacher and ………………..25. (sit) at his desk.
D. A: …………………..you……………………..26.(have) any plans for vacation?
B: Yes, I do. I……………27. (plan) to go to Toronto.
A: ………………….you ever…………………..28. (be) to Toronto before?
B: Yes, I have. I ………………….29.(be) in Toronto two months ago. My brother……………….30.(live) there, so I
……………………..31.(go) there often.
Exercise 11: Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct Present/Past Simple or Present/Past
Continuous form of the verb in brackets.
1. I… (not/like) getting up in the morning.
2. My brother and I ................ (have) to get up quite early to get to school on time.
3. Our father ………………....(sometimes/drive) us, but on other days we ....................(get) the school bus.
4. We (not/go) to school next Monday because it is a holiday.
5. She ……….……(always/talk) in class which ................. …(drive) all the teachers crazy.
6. Bill ……………(paint) his front door when the telephone …………….(start) ringing. He………….(answer) the phone
and …………..(speak) to his friend.
7. …………………(Tony/ring) you last night? Yes. He .............. (tell) me about his plans for the weekend.
8. Your hair………(look) different last night. I know – I ………(want) to dye it red but I ................... (not/pay) attention
when I……………(buy) the dye.
9. Last Friday I …………….(walk) to work when I .................. (see) an old friend.
10. Ann …………….(fly) to Barcelona tonight. She………(pack) her suitcase yesterday.
11. Ann and Sally……..…(be) flat mates. They sometimes ....................... (argue) because Sally………………
.................................................................................................... (always/make) a mess in the kitchen.
12. What a great match! Johnson …….……(pass) the ball to Green, who ……..….(shoot) and…………… ......... (score).
13. What on earth… ......................... (you/do) now? You should be in bed now!
14. The soup is delicious. It .............. (taste) wonderful.
15. How……….……. (you/like) his new car? I…………….(think) it................. (be)a real state of the art.
16. Why (Tom/be) so impolite today?
17. They .......................... (see) their doctor today that is why they cannot come.
18. Why… .......................... (she/smell) the food? Has it gone off?
19. The sun ........................... (rise) in the east.
20. What time ................................... (the train/leave)?
ENHLISH PREP UNIT
Exercise 12: Write questions to the answers, use a correct tense.

1. What time ............................................. ? I go to work at 7 00 every day.
2. Why… ......................................... ? Because I didn’t feel well yesterday.
3. What… .................................. at the party yesterday? She was wearing a black dress.
4. How much .................................. ? It costs 2000 $
5. Where .......................... last night? I was in the cinema.
Exercise 13: Put the verb into the correct form, Present/Past Simple or Present/Past Continuous.
1. We can go out now. It… .................(not/rain) any more.
2. Ann……………….(wait) for me when I ....................... (arrive).
3. I… hungry (be). Let’s go and have something to eat.
4. What…………………..(you/do) in your spare time? ............... (you/have) any hobbies?
5. Mary usually …………….(phone) me on Fridays but she ................. (not/phone) last Friday.
6. It is usually dry here at this time of the year. It… .................... (not/rain) much.
7. Yesterday evening the phone ……………..(ring) three times while we ...................... (have) a dinner.
8. Linda …………(be) busy when we…………..(come) to see her yesterday. She ........................ (study) for an
exam. We………………(not/want) to disturb her, so we…………..(not/stay)
9. When I first…………….(tell) Tom the news, he ....................... (not/believe) me. He …………………… (think) I
....................................................................................... (joke).
ARTİCLES
Indefinite Article: a / an
If the word begins with a consonant, we use “a”.
If the word begins with a vowel, we use “an”.
The indefinite article indicates that a noun refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing.
Definite Article: the

“The” limits the meaning of a noun to one particular thing.
a an the no article
Indefinite article with Indefinite article with Definite article -
consonants vowels (a,e,i,o,u) regardless whether
(b,c,b,f,g….z) the noun starts with a
consonant or a vowel
Not specifically Not specifically Specific object that General things
known to the person known to the person both the speaker and
you are speaking with you are speaking with the listener know
Singular nouns Singular nouns Plural nouns Uncountable nouns
- - Collection of states in Countries , states,
a country (The United counties, provinces,
States Of America, lakes, mountains
The UK, The Irish
Republic)
- - Multiple Areas: The Others: sports, meals,
Philippines, The places, transport,
Netherlands, the rivers, oceans, seas
British Isles
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
- - Geographical points -
in the globe (the
North Pole, the
equator
- - One and only -
particular thing (the
sun, the moon, the
wind, the
Buckingham Palace
Exercise 14. Add "a" or "an" where necessary.

1. ................elephant is ...... animal with ...... very long nose, known as .... trunk.
2. ................ intelligent person isn't necessarily……happy person.
3. ................ intelligence is ...... characteristic that many people admire.
4. She's gone out for .............. stroll, but she'll be back in ... …minute.
5. She wears ............... make-up but she rarely wears .. ..nail polish.
6. ................. insurance is ...... necessity for anyone who owns….....car or………house.
7. I saw accident involving ......................car and ...... cyclist when I was on my way to ..…...work.
8. In summer, we usually spend at least ................... week at ...... seaside resort.
9. We had to wait ............. hour as ...... heavy fog had prevented our plane from taking off
on…….time.
10. With new ones being added every year, there is now ……. university, or..….. branch of …….
university, in most of our towns.
Exercise 15. Add "a/an", "the" or "some" where necessary. In some cases more than one answer is
possible.
1 ..................... students from .......... class are going on .......... outing to .......... theatre
tomorrow night, but ....................... majority have opted to go ice-skating.
2. Don't put that plant on ........ television; otherwise, .......... leaves will hang down in
front of ........................ screen.
3. Can I take........... time off work, please? I have ........... problems at .......... home that
I need to sort out.
4. I've just looked in ......... newspaper and there doesn't appear to be anything good
on ........................ television this evening, so why don't we have ......... game of ........... cards.
5. That was ..........most ridiculous story I've ever heard. He must either be ..........
compulsive liar, or he has ........................ extremely overactive imagination.
6. . ................ man and .......... woman were waiting at .......... bus-stop when I got there,
and I asked ........................ woman if she knew which bus went to Mecidiyeköy.
7. The soldiers had to leave ......... dead behind while they were retreating after the
battle, and they had great difficulty in carrying ........................ wounded.
8. I really enjoy ........... cigarette with.......... cup of coffee after.......... breakfast.
9. ................ Mount Everest, which is situated in .......... Himalayas, is .......... highest point
in......................... world.
10. Apparently ....................Italian is ...........easier language to learn than .......... French.
11. I would love to go to ...................Maldives, ........... group of islands in ........... Indian
Ocean, just off ......................... coasts of .......... India and ........... Sri Lanka.
12.................... membership of this club is restricted to ......... very rich or ............ very
influential.
13. There was .......... terrible storm last night, which blew down several trees and
caused ........................ chimney on our house to collapse.
14. Could you give me .................. lift to ........... airport tomorrow, please?
15. When .................. astronomers observe ........ object at.......... great distance in ..........
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
universe, they see it as it looked long ago, because it takes time for ........................ light to
travel. Thus ..................... galaxy viewed at............distance of two billion light-years is
seen as it was two billion years ago.
16. Because of .......... dry weather we've had lately, I've had to water ..........garden
every day, so I bought .................... hose to make .......... job easier.
17. She gets home from ......... work so late that by the time she has finished eating
...................dinner, it's almost time to go to ......... bed.
18. About ten centimeters of ........ snow fell last night, a lot of which has been blown
against ................... front door, preventing us from opening it.
19. At last I found .............. remote control. It had fallen down .......... back of ........... sofa.
20. Apparently, there are ............similarities between .......... Welsh and .......... language
spoken by .................... people on .......... island of Minorca.
QUANTIFIERS
Quantifiers give information about the number of something: how much or how many.
Read this short article about a lost engagement ring and choose the best answer.
Squirrels Have Engagement Ring
LONDON Wed Jul 28 LONDON (Reuters) - British treasure hunters were warned on Tuesday to stay
away from a colony of red squirrels after a newspaper said that the squirrels' home may be hiding a $46,000
engagement ring.
The diamond and platinum ring was thrown into the Formby Point nature reserve near Liverpool,
northwest England, by the fiancée of 18-year old soccer star Wayne Rooney after an argument, the newspaper
said.
Rooney, who earns more than $90,000 a week, became a national hero while playing for England
during the Euro 2004 soccer competition.
The National Trust conservation group said the 300 squirrels would be disturbed if people started
looking for the ring. Treasure hunters were asked to stay away so that they did not disturb the squirrels.
Exercise 16: Choose the best answer for each sentence.
1. Some / Any / Many / Much treasure hunters may want to go and look for the ring in the nature reserve.
2. We do not want someone / anyone walking around on the reserve and disturbing the squirrels.
3. The ring is somewhere / anywhere in the reserve.
4. I can't believe you threw away that ring! I know! And now I can't find it somewhere / anywhere!
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
5. Red squirrels are very rare. There are few / a few red squirrels left.
6. Does Rooney have many / much money? Yes, I think so. He earns more than $90,000 a week!
7. Do many / much people admire him? Yes, lots of / many people do. He's a national hero.
8. Could I ask you why you threw your ring away please? No! I'm not talking to someone / anyone about it! I
am not giving some / any interviews!
9. A lot of / Many people have arguments when they are engaged. But few / a few throw their engagement
rings away!
10. Can I have a nut please? Yes, I've got few / a few left. Ooh look, here's a ring! How strange!
Exercise 17: Fill in the gaps with the quantifiers in parentheses.
READING
Reading Text - I
WHO ARE INTERNET ADDICTS?
On June 14, ABC news reported that an “internet-crazed” woman was arrested for neglecting her three young
children. The woman reportedly spent 12 hours straight online, while her hungry kids were locked away in one
room so she could be online without interruption. The three kids were placed in custody of social services
while the mother was put in jail.
It can be seen that the Internet is rapidly becoming an addiction to a lot of its users. Users of the Internet
generally include students, housewives, and business professionals. Some of these Internet users spend a
minimum of thirty-eight hours per week on the “net”; hence, lose touch with reality. Individuals such as these
are classified as “Internet Addicts”. Based on the level of addiction, there are three groups of Internet addicts:
i) the “I’m-not-addicted users”, ii) the “I-only-use-it-when-I-have-to-users”, and iii) the “Internet junkies”.
The “I’m-not-addicted users” are college students who don’t go online during the day to prove to fellow
students that they can do without getting online. Or business people who stay after office hours to get a late
report done. Or husbands who stay offline all day, only to get online for hours after their family members are
asleep. These users are addicts but they do not accept this.
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
Next are the “I-only-use-it-when-I-have-to-users”. These users make convenient excuses to use the Internet.
For example, mothers who claim they have to visit their child’s school’s website. They end up staying online
for hours.
The third group of Internet users is the “Internet junkies”. Unlike addicts in the previous two groups, these
users neither sneak online nor make excuses to get online. They put their lives on hold to get online. The
mother in the story at the beginning of the essay is an example of an Internet junky. Another example of an
Internet junky is a woman who, in her 40s, resigned from her job suddenly with no reason given. These addicts
are, particularly when on-line, completely oblivious to their surroundings.
Read the text and choose the correct answers.
1. The word “addiction” means ………………… .

a. being dependent on something
b. something that keeps you awake
c. a system that connects you to the Internet
d. a habit that takes a lot of time
2. Why do college students go online at night?
a. because they can get Internet connection at night.
b. because they do not have time to go online during the day.
c. because they need the Internet at night.
d. because they want to show that they can live without the Internet.
3. “to lose touch” means ………………… .
a. to lose power
b. to lose chances
c. to lose contact
d. to lose time
4. The “I’m-not-addicted users” group of Internet users claim that they ……………... .
a. love spending time on the net
b. are not actually addicts
c. use the Internet for good purposes
d. are not aware that they are spending so much time online
5. Internet junkies are different from the other groups because they …………………. .
a. go online at all costs
b. spend their time effectively online
c. are not actually Internet addicts
d. have a purpose to use the Internet
6. “to put one’s life on hold” means ………………. .
a. to ignore one’s life
b. to expand one’s life
c. to complete one’s life
d. to make one’s life harder
7. the forty-year-old woman ………………………. .
a. is an example of “I-am-not-addicted” group
b. neglected her children to go online
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
c. complained that people used the Internet very much

d. stopped working due to Internet addiction
8. The word “oblivious” means ……………………………… .
a. dead
b. unaware
c. careful
d. deceived
e.
Write what the following words refer to
9. “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ___________________
10. “They” in paragraph 4 refers to ___________________
Reading Text – II
Read the text and choose the correct answers.
18
ENHLISH PREP UNIT
1. Martin Lindstrom's work focuses on ----

a. consumers' feelings after they buy things
b. the brain's response when we look at prices.
c. the brain's response to seeing things we want to buy.
2. Neuromarketers ----
a. look at patterns in consumer spending.
b. depend completely on consumer opinion.
c. use information from brain scans of consumers.
3. A patient's responses to images are visible to an fMRI technician because of ----
a. a special device that monitors the heartbeat and facial expressions.
b. a special dye that they inject the patient with.
c. coloured lights that the patient turns on and off during the scan.
4. The Cool Spot of the brain turns on ----
a. when we see things that we think can improve our social status.
b. when we wish to accumulate possessions.
c. when we see something we fear.
5. The Craving Spot of the brain turns on ----
a. when we desire pleasurable things, such as food or entertainment.
b. when we strongly wish to avoid something, such as gaining weight.
c. when we want to feel socially accepted.
6. Lindstrom feels that product placement ----
a. has worked out well for the majority of advertisers.
b. should only occur in TV programs that consumers watch frequently.
c. results in disinterest and consumers don't want to see it.
WRITING
COMPARE AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS
A compare and/or contrast paragraph is required if you are asked to examine similarities and/or
differences between two things. Compare focuses on similarities. Contrast focuses on differences.
Steps for Writing the Compare/Contrast Paragraph

1. As always, your writing should begin with some brainstorming. Think about your topic—what do you
want to say about it? Use a mind map to start to collect some ideas. Make sure you are comparing or
contrasting two things that already have a connection. Be sure whether you are comparing them or
contrasting them.
2. Make a plan for your paragraph. Make sure you are presenting your ideas in a logical order.
3. Write your first draft. Don’t worry about getting everything perfect at this stage; just get your ideas
on paper. Make sure you have included enough detail.
4. Revise your draft. Follow the ARMS checklist you learned in Unit 1 (Add, Remove, Move, and
Substitute). You may want to use words like Firstly, Secondly, and Finally to introduce your various
points.
5. Edit your paragraph and write your final draft. Now that your ideas are in place, you can focus on
grammar, spelling, word choice, and punctuation.
19
ENHLISH PREP UNIT
EXAMPLE
American and Turkish fast foods are similar to each other in two main ways. They are both unhealthy and they
are both convenient. Firstly, both American and Turkish fast food can be harmful to our health. Both are high
in fat, in sugar and in calorie content. Because of this, they can be addictive, often leading to an increase in
body weight and in some cases obesity. Moreover, both American and Turkish fast foods are created in
factories and are made to have a long shelf life. They contain many preservatives and chemical additives which
have unforeseen effects on bodily health. Secondly, American and Turkish fast foods are both similar in that
they are convenient. To begin with, both are inexpensive. These foods, which will easily fill your stomach, can
be bought for the same price as a bowl of soup. In addition, as indicated in the name, both are very ‘fast’. With
busy work and social schedules, many people need to eat quickly and often while walking, using public
transport or driving. Therefore, not only American but also Turkish fast foods are conveniently quick and easy
to eat. In summary, American and Turkish fast food are alike in that they are both damaging to health and
that they are both convenient. In the 21st century fast food is very common and very popular; we must
consider the negative impact of these foods on our future as individuals and as a society.
TOPIC SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS

DIFFERENCES
• The Olympics of Ancient Greece and the Olympics of today have three key differences.
• The Olympics of Ancient Greece and the Olympics of today differ in three different ways.
• There are many/several/three differences between the Olympics of Ancient Greece and the
Olympics of today.
• Living in a countryside and living in a city Centre have many differences.
• There are many/several/three differences between living in a countryside and living in a city
Centre.
SIMILARITIES
• There are many similarities between a beach holiday and a camp holiday.
• A camp holiday has similarities with a beach holiday in many ways.
• There are three main similarities between a Mac and a PC.
• Mac and PC are similar in many / several / various ways.
I. Write an appropriate topic sentence for the topics below.
1. Compare / Contrast the differences between Istanbul and Ankara.
___________________________________________________________________
2. Compare / Contrast the similarities between urban and rural life.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Compare / contrast the differences between living in a different city and living in your
hometown.
___________________________________________________________________
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
4. Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph below:

Starting Out
_________________________________________________________________.One similarity between the
first day at a new school and the first day at a new job is the feeling of nervousness and anxiety that comes
from the unknown. Students have to find classrooms, the cafeteria, and other important places on campus.
They are afraid that they will get lost and be late, and they think that everyone will notice their mistakes.
Likewise, new employees must become familiar with their surroundings. They feel just as confused and
insecure as new students until they learn their way around. Another feeling that new students and employees
usually have in common is the fear of failure. Students wonder if they will be able to meet the demands of
their classes. New employees also worry about their assigned workload. Both groups are concerned about
making a good impression on an instructor or a boss and figuring how to use the books, computers, and other
materials they will need to succeed. Finally, there is the feeling of being alone. Students worry about not
having friends at their new school. Similarly, new employees are often uncertain about who they will work
with, eat lunch with, or talk to during break time. In conclusion, the feelings of students on their first day at a
new school and feelings of employees on their first day at a new job are remarkably similar.
A. There are similarities and differences between the first day at a new school and the first day at a new job.
B. There are three major differences between the first day at a new school and the first day at a new job.
C. There are similarities between the first day at a new school and the first day at a new job.
D. There are feelings of loneliness for students on their first day at a new school and for employees at a new
job.
SUPPORTING SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS
• Topic sentence:
There are many similarities between a beach holiday and a camp holiday.
• Supporting sentences:
They both require certain types of clothing and equipment.
They both calm and motivate a person.
They can be done individually or as a group.
II. Write appropriate supporting sentences for the topic sentences below.
1. There are many differences between e-books and textbooks.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. There are many similarities between e-books and textbooks.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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ENHLISH PREP UNIT
CONCLUDING SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS
• Topic sentence: There are many similarities between the feelings of students and the
feelings of employees in their first days.
• Conclusion: In summary, the feelings of students on their first day at a new school and the
feelings of employees on their first day at a new job are remarkably similar.
III. Write appropriate concluding sentences for the topic sentences below.
1. Topic sentence: The differences between watching the movie and reading the book are
numerous.
____________________________________________________________
2. Topic sentence: Fast food restaurants and traditional restaurants are similar in many ways.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Topic sentence: The differences between being an only child and having siblings are
inevitable.
___________________________________________________________________
22
ENGLISH PREP UNIT
References
Azar, B. S. (2002). Understanding and using. English Grammar.

Cotton, D., Falvey, D., & Kent, S. (2016). New Language Leader: Intermediate: Coursebook. Pearson
Education Limited.
Öndeş, N. S. (2016). English language studies: English grammar inside and out. İstanbul: ELS Publishing.
https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/3g11-used-to-would.php
https://myenglishlab.pearson-intl.com/activities/course/1024137/preview/5050000000000072081
Longman Online Dictionary https://www.ldoceonline.com/
Özkan Kırmızı, Reading for Proficiency and Midterm Exams
Robitaille, J., Connelly, R. (2007) Writer’s Resources: From Paragraph to Essay. Thomson
Langan, John. Exploring Writing. Second ed. New York, 2010.
Oshima, Alice. Longman Academic Writing Series: Paragraphs to Essays. Fourth ed. New York, 2014.
Procter, Paul. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Harlow England: Longman, 1978.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com
https://sentencedict.com/
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ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

SUPPLEMENTARY REVISION MATERIAL – III

1. John is looking of / for / into a new job.

2. He had no time to prepare in / for / of the exam, so he will fail.

3. Is this job suitable for / of / at her? The job requires a MA degree.

4. The company is proud for / of / on its achievements.

Exercise 3: Match the words with their meanings.

1. The computer crashed and all our records were ________________.

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE

Electric cars — Latest update

Alec: Hi, Judi, I’m home!

PRESENT AND PAST ABILITY

NARRATIVE TENSES (PAST PERFECT, PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST SIMPLE)

In 1999, Eileen Collins became the first woman

The order of past actions

(= First, I got to the café, then everyone ordered their drinks.)

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS

for single or repeated completed actions in to describe an unfinished action at or around a

Exercise 8: Choose the correct form, A, B or C, to complete the sentences.

1. a) walked b) had walked c) was walking

Exercise 9: Underline the correct form.

REVIEW OF THE VERB TENSES

A. My little boy and I ……………………1.(love) playing with basketball. Yesterday, I ……………………2.(play)

Exercise 12: Write questions to the answers, use a correct tense.

Definite Article: the

Exercise 14. Add "a" or "an" where necessary.

Exercise 17: Fill in the gaps with the quantifiers in parentheses.

Read the text and choose the correct answers.

1. The word “addiction” means ………………… .

c. complained that people used the Internet very much

Read the text and choose the correct answers.

1. Martin Lindstrom's work focuses on ----

Steps for Writing the Compare/Contrast Paragraph

TOPIC SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS

I. Write an appropriate topic sentence for the topics below.

1. Compare / Contrast the differences between Istanbul and Ankara.

2. Compare / Contrast the similarities between urban and rural life.

4. Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph below:

SUPPORTING SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS

1. There are many differences between e-books and textbooks.

2. There are many similarities between e-books and textbooks.

CONCLUDING SENTENCE EXAMPLES FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS

Azar, B. S. (2002). Understanding and using. English Grammar.

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