Chapter 1 5 Development of Wiper System Sensor For Light Vehicles

Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles
Undergraduate thesis presented to the faculty of the

Automotive Technology Department
College of Technologies
Bukidnon State University
Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Automotive Technology
Quizon, Aljhon Vandame II T.

Ortiz, Michael Jacob S.
Rosalita, Wilfredo Jr L.
Palomar, Harvey V.
Powao, Jhun Paul T.
December 2021
BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY
Thesis title: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles
Juror’s Comments and Suggestions

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PANELIST: Kindly list down all questions, comments and other concerns during the
presentation to be used as a guide during the panel discussion. Place a check mark on all questions successfully
answered by the proponent/s.
Commeents
 must summarize the powerpoit presentation

 Must apply safety
Engr. Noli A. Miranda

(Printed Name under Signature/Date)
THESIS PANEL Prepared by: HPGutierrez 2021

Comments
 Statement of the problem number 1

 Framework (output). Instead of development of wiper system sensor for light vehicle, it
will be “Develop wiper sensor”
Jovelin M. Lapates, Assoc.Prof.1


Comments
 In the introuduction, make sure to highlight the importance of the studying a

development of wiper sensor for light vehicles
 Descuss what is new with this technology or product
 Be clear on how the framework will be write in methodolgy
 Add what delimitation this study
Omar A. Tantoy, Ph.D.

Malaybalay City
APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis study entitled: “Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light
Vehicle” prepared and submitted by Quizon, Aljhon Vandame III T., Ortiz,
Michael Jacob S., Rosalita, Wlifredo Jr L., Palomar, Harvey V., and Powao, Jhun Paul
T. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Automotive Technology is hereby approved and accepted.
Engr. Noli A. Miranda Jovelin M. Lapates, Assoc.Prof.1

Member Member
Omar A. Tantoy, Ph.D.

Chairman, Oral Defense Panel
Jhoncher D. Hapayon
Thesis Adviser
Accepted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in

Automotive Technology at the College of Technologies, Bukidnon State University
Jhoncher D. Hapayon Marilou O. Espina, M.I.T.

Department Chairperson Dean, College of Technologies
December 2021

Malaybalay City
Certification
This thesis has not already been submitted for any other degree or diploma in
any other university or other institute of higher learning and does not contain any
material which has been accepted as part of the requirements for any such degree or
diploma at Bukidnon State University.
To the best of the candidate’s knowledge and beliefs, this thesis does not contain
any material previously published or written by another person except when due
reference or acknowledgements are made in the text and all sources used have been
acknowledged.
Jhohncher D. Hapayon
Adviser’s name and signature
Thesis Invitation
Mr./Ms._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Department Chair
Greetings!
Dear Madam,
The Bukidnon State University Automotive Technology Department under the

College of Technologies will be having a thesis title defense on December 9, 2021.
In this connection, I would like to request your faculty member Ma’am/Sir _ _ _ _ _ _
__ to be one of the panelist. Her expertise and experience can contribute a lot in
inspiring the thesis students of the above mentioned Department. Relative to this
may I respectfully request her presence on the above date. Attached is the schedule.
Anticipating your positive response.
Thank you very much and more power.
Sgd.
Hilario P. Gutierrez, M. Arch.,RMP

Thesis Coordinator
Prepared by: HPGutierrez 2021

THESIS TITLE: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles
NAME OF STUDENTS : Quizon, Aljhon Vandame III T.

Ortiz, Michael Jacob S.
Rosalita, Wilfredo Jr L.
Palomar, Harvey V.
Powao, Jhun Paul T.
A D V I S E R ’ S E N D O R S E M E N T F O R F I N A L D E F E N S E
CRITERIA VERY CONFIDENT CONFIDENT DOUBTFUL
CHAPTER 1 : THE PROBLEM and ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM / OBJECTIVES
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
CONCEPTUAL /
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURES AND
STUDIES
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
ORAL COMM. SKILL
VISUAL PRESENTATION
TO DEFEND ON SCHEDULE 
BARRED FROM PRESENTING THESIS 

Reason/s (specify)
____________________________________
_________________________________________________
Adviser signature over printed name _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Prepared by: HPGutierrez 2021

Note: This form shall be accomplished by thesis adviser at least three days before the Advisee’s slot and must be able to submit it personally to the
Coordinator immediately after.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Background and Rationale of the Study 1-4
Statement of the Problem 5
Significance of the Study . 6-7
Research Design …. 7-12
 Schematic Diagram for Wiper System Sensor
 Block Diagram of Wiper System Sensor
Scope and Delimitation 12
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………...………12-14
Planning &Design, Materials, Environment…………………………………
15
Manpower, Process/Method, Machine and tools……………………....16-
18
Definition of terms………………………………………………………….…18
CHAPTER 2: RELATED STUDIES/ LITERATURE
Related Literature …………………………………………………………19-
26
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Research Design………………………………………………………….….27
Research Locale………………………………………………………...…….28
Respondents of the Research, Instruments, Data gathering Procedure…
29
Sampling Procedure, Scoring Procedure, Scoring Guidelines……………
30
Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………….…31
Supplies & Materials, Research Design…………………………………32-
33
Perspective Design………………………………………………….……34-40
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Acceptability of the device………………………………………...………41-
49
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary…………………………………………………………...………50-52
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………52-53
References…………………………………………………………………….54
Appendices………………………………………………………...………55-59
Evaluation form……………………………………………………………60-61
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background and Rational of the study
This study is being conducted on automotive students at Bukidnon State University
in titled "Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicle". This study is
conducting innovation by adding new technology inventions. Automotive
practitioners conduct research to install sensors in wiper system so that they operate
automatically. The researcher’s goal is to develop a prototype model for the wiper
system sensor for light vehicles to make it easier to explain, exemplify, and
demonstrate the wiper system sensor, and to share this study, ideas with all
automotive practitioners, instructors, and car owners in our country as a learning
resource. We, the researchers, will locate materials to construct this new invention to
study, develop, and build cutting-edge technologies for automatic wiper operation.
Many car manufacturers currently provide vehicles that are technologically
advanced. One of them is sensors. According to recent polls, automobile sensors are
intelligent sensors which can be used to control and process the pressure of oil,
temperature, level of emission, coolant levels, etc. (ELPROCUS, 2006–2021). In an
electrical definition, advanced sensors are used to detect, measure, record, indicate,
or analyze data by humans or machines. In this study, the researchers will look into
what would happen if a sensor were added to a wiper system, as well as the goals,
purposes, benefits, and where it could be used in this study. According to Peter et al.
(November 2016), the system was developed to mitigate driving distractions and
allow drivers to focus on their primary task of driving. The distraction eliminated
with the development of this product is the manual adjustment of windshield
wipers when driving in precipitation. The aim of this project is to help reduce
accidents that happen as a result of the driver intending to clean the windscreen
when rain is falling, thereby taking the attention of the driver off the road when he
or she is switching on and off the wiper. On rainy days, we suffer from the act of
sprinkling water on the front glass of our wheeler. While driving, when drivers
cannot see clearly on-road vehicles, they try operating the wiper on the glass
manually, at times switching on and off intermittently, and this distraction might
cause a vehicle accident.
Car wiper systems are fully automated, as opposed to previous decades when
some vehicles used manual systems that required manual intervention. An
automatic wiper system that turns on when rain is detected and turns off when rain
drops are no longer detected by the sensor. This study will propose a development
of wiper system sensor for light vehicle’s that will eliminate the need for a manual
system. This sensor detects raindrops and sends them to a microcontroller, which
controls or sends a signal to the wiper system. According to Abhishek et al. (2011),
the automatic wiper system adjusts its speed itself based on rainfall shower
intensity. Such a system improves the safety of a ride.
In line with Prof. Sagar G.M et al. (2020), a rain sensor is a microcontroller and a
driver integrated circuit (IC) are the major components used in the construction and
seamless working of the proposed device. Falling water is quickly and precisely
detected by the rain sensor, which then transmits the signal to the second
component, i.e., the microcontroller, which in turn energizes the driver IC to switch
the required motion of the wipers on using a servo motor. This device converts a
cumbersome manual operation into a smooth automatic one.
Currently, the issue of driver safety has a significant impact on our automotive
industry. By converting the traditional wiper system into an automatic wiper
system, an automatic wiper system improves the driving experience and the safety
factors of a vehicle and its drivers. By removing the focus that drivers would have to
devote to controlling a manual system, an automatic wiper system allows the drivers
to focus more on driving safely. Many attempts have been made at constructing an
effective, reliable, and cheap rain detection and wiper control system for vehicles.
According to Lubna &Avik (2015) assert that automatic rain-sensing wiper systems
are relatively uncommon in modern vehicles for a number of reasons. They are often
too expensive unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles.

A wiper is typically made up of a metal arm with one end pivoting and the other
end attached to a long rubber blade. Koenen, A. & Sanon (2007) found that the
wiping of the windshield of a car is carried out with the reciprocating motion of a
rubber blade on glass that removes the water from the glass. This function is realized
by a contact dimension between the rubber and glass of a few tens of micrometers.
Good wiping is distinguished by the homogeneous disposal of water without the
generation of noise and by limiting the phenomenon of wear (loss of wiping or noise
presence) as much as possible. The arm is propelled by a motor, which is usually an
electric motor, though pneumatic power is also used in some vehicles. The blade is
swung back and forth across the glass, removing any water, precipitation, or other
obstructions to visibility from its surface. The speed is usually adjustable on vehicles
built after 1969, with numerous continuous speeds and typically one or more
interrupted settings. Many commercial cars employ one or more pantograph arms,
while most personal automobiles use two synchronized radial-type arms.
Statement of the Problem
1. How does the use of development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
influence the operation of the wiper system? (What are the material needed to
come in developing wiper system sensor for light vehicles?)
2. What are the factors that affect the development of wiper system sensor for
light vehicles?
3. How acceptable is the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicle in
terms of?
o functionality
o Reliability
o Safety
o Aesthetics
o Convenience
Significance of the Study
The result of the study would be beneficial to the following groups: This would be
helpful to the automotive practitioners, instructors, and car owners of Bukidnon
State University, future researchers, and the automotive industry. We believe that
this study will provide some valuable contributions for the students to understand
the importance of the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles, that the
instructors will be able to provide supporting ideas, that the automotive students
will help to improve in developing automated technologies such as the automatic
wiper system, and that the car owners will provide ideas or background on the
study conducted at Bukidnon State University. The teaching of the students about
the development of the wiper system sensor will become clearer and easier to
understand. This study will have the following importance to:
For automotive technology students, this research will provide many ideas and
lessons for developing an automatic wiper system. It’s also a major benefit for
automotive practitioners who don’t have access to or knowledge of modern

technologies. They can also learn how to operate or program an Arduino UNO for a
wiper system as part of their learning process, which will help them improve their
reputation as automotive practitioners in our country.
For the instructors, in order to teach their students, the instructor will provide
supporting ideas and expertise on how to operate the wiper system sensor using
Arduino UNO. By discussing and utilizing it as an example of supporting details or
ideas. It will assist them in better managing their time so that they can teach their
students in a more efficient and time-efficient manner.
To the car owners, they will be provided ideas and background on the benefits of
this study, the benefits of being a car owner, they well know how to avoid accidents,
particularly on night roads and during the rainy season. It will assist them in
avoiding danger while driving.
Research Design
Schematic Diagram for Wiper System Sensor

1. Arduino UNO
 12- output of servo motor 1

 11 – rain sensor
 10 – e
 9 – output of servo motor 2
 8 - + servo motor – VCD - + servo motor - + potentiometer - + 5v
 7 – D4
 6 - + potentiometer – D5
 5 – D6
 4 – D7
 3–
 2–
 1-
 0–
Alpha Numeric LCD
 USS – RW – potentiometer
 VCC – output of potentiometer
 Servo motor 1 and 2 – connect to ground
Rain sensor
 VCC – connect + 5v
 GND – connect to ground
 DO –
 AQ – AC
Block Diagram for Wiper System Sensor
Create and Interface
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <Servo.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(11, 10, 7, 6, 5, 4);

Servo myservo;
Servo myservo1;
int pos = 0;
int sensorValue = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
myservo.attach(8);
myservo1.attach(9);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" AUTOMATIC ");
lcd.print(" CAR WIPER ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Rainfall");
lcd.print("Intensity-");
}
void wipe(int Speed)

{
if (Speed > 400) {

Speed = 5000;
lcd.print(" LOW ");
}
if (Speed > 350 && Speed <= 400) {
Speed = 3000;
lcd.print("MEDIUM");
}
if (Speed <= 350) {
Speed = 500;
lcd.print(" HIGH ");
}
for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos--) {
myservo.write(pos);
myservo1.write(pos);
delay(3);
}
for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos++) {
myservo.write(pos);
myservo1.write(pos);
delay(3);
}
delay(Speed);
}
void loop()
{
sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(sensorValue);
if (sensorValue > 600) {
myservo.write(120);
myservo1.write(120);
lcd.print(" NIL ");
delay(1000);
}
if (sensorValue <= 600) {
wipe(sensorValue);
}
}
Scope and delimitation
For this research, this is limited to the following:
1. This project is focused on the development of a wiper system sensor for light
vehicles, and it excludes any other automobile-related difficulties.
2. The study is limited to the use of a questionnaire, checklist, and
3. The researchers concentrate solely on the effectiveness of the development of
wiper system sensor for light vehicles. As one of the important materials in
the automotive laboratory.
Each respondent will be given a Google form or a form to fill out in order to answer
all of the questions and secure their information.
Conceptual Framework of the Study
The Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model will provide the general structure and guide
for the direction of study. It has many interdisciplinary applications, and is
used to convey systems fundamentals in industrial technology, overview
education, and as a brainstorming and preliminary investigation tool in
system development processes. It consists of at least three, and sometimes
four, distinct components. In contemporary Industrial Technology, it is
almost always discussed as a three-component model.
The conceptual framework that will be used in this study is the Input-Process-
Output Model. In the IPO model, a process is viewed as a series of boxes

(processing elements) connected by inputs and outputs. Information or
material objects flow through a series of task or activities based on a set of
rules or description points (Harris & Taylor, 1997). Flow charts and process
diagrams are often used to represent the process. What goes in is the input;
what causes the change is the process; what comes out is the output
(Armstrong, 2001).
The inputs of the model are information, ideas, resources used are the basis in
creating a project. It includes the project objectives, project background, and
project budget to facilitate the implementation of the project. In this study, the
following variable considered as input, observations, ideas, experiences and
materials
The processes of the model are actions taken upon and how to process the input into
a more useful form. It is on this stage where the manipulation of the input
usually happens. It is also an activity, or series of activities, that converts an
input to an output by implementing the project. Processes only exist to add
value and to achieve outputs of the project. This includes the sketching of the
design, development and testing
The outputs of the model are the information flowing out in the project as results of
the processing system. These are the results that provide linkages between the
input (problem situation) and the intended outcomes. Additionally, outputs
of the model are the direct evidence of the project typically tangible and
countable. Outputs are the intended and unintended results and
consequences of the activities, and tend to be categorized into short, medium,

and longer terms results. The output considered the completed prototype and
the implementation of the acceptability.
Input Process Output

 Observations  Sketching of  Development of
 Ideas design Wiper System
 Experiences Sensor for Light
 Development
 Materials Vehicles
 Testing (Develop of
Wiper Sensor)
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study (Adopted and modified from De Asis et.al, 2017)
The sensor and the rain-activated motor are both powered by the battery. When it
rains, the wiper motor turns on automatically. In this project, the sensor is mounted
to the vehicle mirror. The sensor detects rain and sends a control signal to the control
unit. The wiper motor is automatically activated by the control unit. This is referred
to as an automatic wiper system. The amount of rainfall detected by the rain sensor
determines the speed of the auto wiper. When it’s raining hard, the wipers will
move quickly. In moderate rain, wipers will move at a medium speed, whereas in
light rain, wipers will move slowly. The motor system is controlled by the
mechanical function.
Planning and design
This study is being conducted by the researchers for all automotive students,
instructors, and car owners who own light vehicles. Since automotive students are
studying electrical systems, they will quickly learn what and how to connect a
sensor to the wiper system. They may be able to perform actualization, familiarize
themselves with the parts, and determine the process of the development wiper
system sensor. In order to teach their students, the instructor will provide
supporting ideas and expertise on how to operate a wiper system sensor using an
Arduino UNO. Car owners will understand how to avoid accidents, especially at
night and during the rainy season. It will help them avoid danger while driving.
Materials
The materials used in making this wiper system sensor are the Arduino UNO, Servo
motor, Alphanumeric LCD, Rain Sensor Module, 10k variable sensor, wiper blade,
Bread board, battery switch, potentiometer, automotive wire, 12V battery, steel
plate, windshield glass, marine board, rectangular tube for the frame that could be
able to attach the wiper mock up sensor, and caster wheels for easy movement of the
entire model.
Environment
The project will be developed in the small shop of one of the research
participants. The researchers guarantee that the location where they are developing
this project is truly safe and comfortable for building the prototype by following the
safety protocols of COVID 19.
Manpower
The researchers of the study are the following: Aljhon Vandame III T. Quizon,
Michael Jacob S. Ortiz, Wilfredo L. Rosalita, Harvey V. Palomar, and Jhun Paul T.
Powao. These are the researchers taking a course for a Bachelor of Science in
Automotive Technology.
Process/Method
These are the methods or processes for making the product of the study.
Before the researchers start making the output of the study, they provide all the
materials needed, followed by planning on how to build or develop the wiper
system sensor for light vehicles. Then the researchers will begin the output soon.
Machine and tools
The materials used in making the output of this study are the following: welding
machine, screwdrivers, pliers, hammer, sander electric tool, cutter electric tool,
electric drill, square angle, level bar, and measuring tape.
Definition of terms
 Arduino UNO: The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board
developed by Arduino.cc that is based on the Microchip ATmega328P
microcontroller. The board has digital and analog input and output pins that
can be connected to various expansion boards and other circuits.

 Servo Motor: A servo motor is a device with an encoder that converts
mechanical motion (shaft turns) into digital pulses that a motion controller
can interpret. It also includes a driver, and the two together form a circuit that
controls position, torque, and speed.
 Alphanumeric LCD-Standard configurations of alphanumeric LCD displays
include 16x2, 8x1, and 40x4. The identification of these displays is broken
down into the number of characters in each row and then the number of rows.
 Rain Sensor Module: This sensor module measures moisture using analog
output pins and provides a digital output when the moisture threshold is
exceeded. When rain falls on the board, it creates a parallel resistance path for
the operational amplifier to calculate through.
 A 10K variable resistor is an electronic component used to control the
amount of current flowing through a circuit. It operates by moving a wiper
terminal across a resistive material, typically a thin film or chunk of carbon, or
a resistive wire made of nickel, chromium, or tungsten alloys.
 Wiper- A windshield wiper, also known as a windshield wiper, is a device
that clears rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, and/or debris from a vehicle's
front window so the driver can
 Automotive Wire- is used in under-the-hood or cabin applications. It
features extremely long-lasting insulation that is resistant to oil, grease, and
acids, making it perfect for car, truck, trailer, marine, construction, and a
variety of other vehicle electrical connections.

 Bread board- A breadboard, often known as a protoboard, is a building
platform for electronics experimentation. Originally, the term referred to a
polished piece of wood that was used for slicing bread.
CHAPTER 2
RELATED STUDIES/ LITERATURES

This chapter represents the review of related literature and studies from different
sources like books, journals, published and unpublished theses, and other research
engines regarding the topic of the development of the of wiper system sensor for
light vehicles.
Related literature
 The following are a few theories on the significance of the wiper system
sensor.
According to the study completed by Tashiro & Shimada (2020), the wiper
motor control in this system has to control the reversal angle of the wiper
arms to meet the regulations and prevent collision with the windshield frame.
In this paper, a windshield wiper control that solves the issue is proposed.
The state feedback controller is designed by an optimal regulator, and the
reference governor is designed based on the principle of model predictive
control.
Furthermore, Joshi et al. (2013) expressed that safety and driver comfort are the
essential goals of new trends in the automobile industry. An automatic wiper
controller not only improves safety by reducing distractions, but it also improves
overall comfort. Such an automatic control is available, but it has the limitations of
high cost and low efficiency. In this work, we have proposed an automatic wiper
controller based on a resistive rain sensor that is cost-effective, efficient, and has a
wide range of output. An equivalent electrical and mathematical model of the sensor
is developed, simulated, and practically verified. The rain sensor has a
predetermined geometry. Hence, the rain water forms a film on the sensor surface,
causing its resistance to change non-linearly. To increase the overall efficiency of the
system, it is necessary to linearize the sensor response. It is achieved using an
electrical equivalent model of the sensor and an appropriate linearization circuit.
Further, a customized embedded system is developed using a PIC micro-controller
to achieve motor speed variation based on sensor output. The proposed system was
rigorously tested on a small segment car (Indica V2) for its performance. It is
observed that, the developed system works satisfactorily under various rain
scenarios.
According to Naresh (December 2015), stated that the automotive industry has
aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances
in the development of safety, reliability, and entertainment technologies for vehicles.
With drivers exposed to an ever-increasing number of distractions, automatic rain-
sensing wiper systems have become an even more appealing feature, as they work to
minimize the time the driver must take his/her hands off the wheel. Most traditional
systems offer intermittent as well as variable speed operation. The traditional wiper
system, however, requires the driver's constant attention when adjusting the wiper
speed. Traditional windshield wiper speed constantly varies according to time and
vehicle speed. Because the manual adjustment of the wiper distracts the driver's
attention, which may be a direct cause of an accident, this is a review paper for
automatic wipers in various methods and also explains the basic skeleton for
automatically adjusting the speed of the wiper according to the amount of water on
the windshield, in addition to the removal of moisture inside the car while raining.
The system activates the wiper to operate in fully automatic mode and detect
moisture using CAN technology.
According to Ucar, et al. (2001). Stated that Automotive windshield wiper systems
have three main components, which are wiper arms, connection mechanism and an
electric motor that drives this mechanism. A windshield wiper motor must be
operated when rainsqualls obscure the driver's sight area. Currently, windshield
wiper motor systems are controlled in two different ways: in the first, the driving of
motor is realized with predetermined constant time intervals using time relays.
Secondly, the wiper motor system can also be controlled by the principle based on
the infrared light reflection from the windshield. In this work, a new system is
designed to drive a wiper motor using sensors that detect the wetness and rainsquall
concentration on the windshield. The sensors are located on the windshield and are
operated based on the feature of the rainsquall's weak electric conductivity. The
system structure can be designed as controllable by single or multiple sensors. The
experimental results based on a single sensor show the reliability of the system.
View at ieeexplore.ieee.org Cited by 16 Related articles academia.edu Design and
implementation of a reconfigurable automatic rain sensitive windshield wiper
Lubna et al. (2015) In today’s automotive industry, the issue of driver safety and
comfort is of great importance. An automatic windshield wiper system is of great aid
in such cases. It betters the driving experience and improvises the safety factor of a
vehicle by converting the manual windshield wiper system into an automatic
system. By taking care of the attentions drivers would have to devote to control a
manual system, an automatic wiper system helps them to concentrate more on

driving safely. Although, few automated windshield wiper systems are available in
the automotive market, they are very costly and not very effective. This paper
presents a cost effective and high-performance automatic windshield wiper system
developed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a rain intensity detection
sensor. The system was programmed to use fuzzy logic to manipulate the analog
data collected from the sensor, and the microcontroller controlled the wiper motor
using pulse width modulation (PWM). The use of fuzzy logic allows the system to be
easily reconfigurable. Such feature can be utilized to design different wiper system
for different vehicles and weather conditions without any hardware modification. It
was successfully connected to a commercial vehicle (Mazda Protégé) and tested for
different rain conditions. The sensor data was collected using artificial rain
conditions to mimic real world raining conditions and the resultant windshield
wiper movement strongly resembled manual control of the wipers. In a nutshell, the
developed system was not only cost effective but also highly performing
As the opinion of Rahul D. Pawar (2015) Synchronization of motors is required in
applications, where two or more motors are used. Conventional Tandem motion
uses the high-speed DC motor; In proposed system a pair of synchronized
windshield wipers is used, in which each wiper arm is driven by its own
independent motor. For synchronization and to avoid collision a closed loop control
system is used. By Synchronizing Two DC Motors, which are controlled using
Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA),
problems regarding Weight and Space can be solved
Windshield wipers play a key role in assuring the driver's safety during
precipitation. The traditional wiper systems, however, requires driver's constant

attention in adjusting the wiper speed and the intermittent wiper interval because
the amount of precipitation on the windshield constantly varies according to time
and vehicle's speed. The manual adjustment of the wiper distracts driver's attention,
which may be a direct cause of traffic accidents. The project is an endeavor towards
an effective design and development of an automatic windshield wiper system,
based on intensity of rain. The system comprises of PIC (Peripheral Interface
Controller), grid sensor and a D.C. motor to actuate the windshield wiper. Next, the
grid sensor is used to detect the rain intensity which is based on the simple principle
that, as wetness increases sensor output voltage decreases, when the sensor is a part
of voltage divider circuit. The proposed system has ability to change the wiper speed
automatically with the change in rain intensity. (Bansode et al., 2012)
according to Libbey-Owens (1990) affirm that a control circuit for a windshield
wiper motor is disclosed in which the wiper motor is made automatically responsive
to the presence of moisture droplets on the windshield causing the wiper blades to
sweep back and forth at a rate dependent upon the level of precipitation
encountered. By using a set of sample-and-hold circuits (322, 324), bandpass filtering
(330) and a differential amplifier (320) under microprocessor control (336),
disturbances to the system due to changes in ambient light are linearly rejected and
the system becomes immune to such disturbances. The system utilizes an
intentional-retrigger algorithm enabling the system to detect water droplets that
miss the sensor (50) yet fall within the area of the windshield (304) which is swept by
the wiper blades. The system automatically adapts to windshields of differing
transmittance and is not falsely set into action by electromagnetic disturbances.

According to Peter Otchere (November 2016) expressed that the automated rain
wiper system is used to detect rainfall and activate automobile rain wiper
automatically without driver interaction. The system is developed to mitigate
driving distractions and allow drivers to focus on their primary task of driving. The
distraction eliminated with the development of this product is the manual
adjustment of windshield wipers when driving in precipitation. The few seconds
that a driver takes their attention off the road to adjust a knob while driving in poor
weather conditions could potentially lead to car accidents. The system uses a
combination of impedance and rain sensor to detect rain and its intensity. The
system contains a controller that takes in the input signals from the sensors and
controls the operation of the windshield wipers based on those input signals the aim
of this project is to help reduce accidents that happen as a result of the driver
intending to clean the windscreen when rain is falling thereby taking the attention of
the driver off the road when he or she is switching on and off the wiper. In rainy
days we suffer from the act of sprinkling of water on the front glass of our wheeler.
While driving, when drivers cannot see visibly on-road vehicles they try operating
the wiper on glass manually, at times switching on and off intermittently and this
distraction might cause vehicle accident. If we apply any kind of sensor on glass
which senses the act of sprinkling water, by automation, the wiper will be operating
automatically. When the water hit the sensor, it will send a signal to the system thus
triggering the wiper motor. Once the sensor does not detect any water, the wiper
will stop. This will reduce the human interface that has been stated earlier. An
addition to this invention is that the wiper automatically pushes up from the
windscreen when the engine is shut off.

Terakura, et al, (2001) create and design concept of the sensor is based on the
quantification on both detected rainfalls and wiping modes in order to match the
wiping mode in an operator's mind by optimizing the optical sensing system and
establishing an algorithm for controlling wiping. In addition, auto-initialization of
the system has been achieved first in the world.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology Sciences IJETS (2015) the issue of
driver safety and comfort is of great importance. An automatic windshield wiper
system is of great aid in such cases. It betters the driving experience and improvises
the safety factor of a vehicle by converting the manual windshield wiper system into
an automatic system.
This paper presents a cost effective and high-performance automatic windshield
wiper system developed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a rain intensity
detection sensor. The system was programmed to use fuzzy logic to manipulate the
analog data collected from the sensor, and the microcontroller controlled the wiper
motor using pulse width modulation (PWM. The use of fuzzy logic allows the
system to be easily reconfigurable. Such feature can be utilized to design different
wiper system for different vehicles and weather conditions without any hardware
modification.
According to Karim Nice (Feb 9, 2021) express that Rain-sensing Wipers In the past,
automakers have tried to either eliminate the wipers or to control their speed
automatically. Some of the schemes involved detecting the vibrations caused by
individual raindrops hitting the windshield, applying special coatings that did not
allow drops to form, or even ultrasonically vibrating the windshield to break up the
droplets so they don't need to be wiped at all. But these systems were plagued by
problems and either never made it to production or were quickly axed because they
annoyed more drivers than they pleased. However, a new type of wiper system is
starting to appear on cars that actually does a good job of detecting the amount of
water on the windshield and controlling the wipers. One such system is made by
TRW Inc., here is a PDF describing their rain sensor system. TRW Inc. uses optical
sensors to detect the moisture. The sensor is mounted in contact with the inside of
the windshield, near the rearview
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methods used in this study. It also shows how the data
will be gathered, analyzed, and how concepts work at the same time. These include
the design of the device, research locale, respondents of the study, research
instrument, sampling procedure, data gathering procedure, scoring procedure,
scoring guidelines, and statistical treatment of the data.
Research design
This study will use a descriptive research method. According to Helen L. Deluck
(1993), there are several purposes for descriptive research that have been identified
in the literature: 1.) to describe systematically and accurately the facts and
characteristics of a given population or areas of interest; 2.) to provide an accurate
portrayal or account of the characteristics of a specific individual, situation, or
group; these studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what
exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and/or categorizing
information.3.) to depict the characteristics of people, situations, or groups, as well
as the frequency with which certain phenomena occur; 4.) to discover associations or
relationships between or among selected variables; and 5.) to answer questions
based on current events. This design will be used to develop, test, and evaluate the
device's acceptability in terms of design and functioning for this study. In the
development of the device, several procedures and designs will be followed.
Research Locale
This study is located at Bukidnon State University, Fortich Street, Malaybalay City,
Bukidnon, the central part of the province. The nearest seaport and airport in
Cagayan de Oro city are 91 kilometers away. The city is predominantly rural, with
only 16% of the population in urban areas, 40% in urbanizing barangays and 46% in
rural areas. The population is evenly distributed between urban and rural areas. The
areas are generally found within the confines of Sayre Highway, which traverses the
city. The main urban population is found in the Población-Casisang area. A
secondary population center includes the barangays of Aglayan, Bangcud, and
Kalasungay.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/
Ph_locator_bukidnon_malaybalay.png/250px-Ph_locator_bukidnon_malaybalay.png
Respondents of the research
The respondents of this research are the fourth-year automotive students from the
Bachelor of Science in Automotive Technology, automotive instructors, and car
owners in some particular area in Bukidnon. The respondents will be composed of
thirty (30). Ten (10) automotive students, ten (10) automotive instructors, and ten
(10) car owners were determined as the respondents in this study. The study of the
researchers is relevant to the field of their respondents. That the survey is easy to
interpret from the respondents, who are chosen at random according to the
sampling procedure, which should give the sample population.
Research instrument
For the conducted research, the researcher’s study will be using an evaluation
checklist questionnaire.
The questionnaire is composed of two parts. The part one questionnaire contains a
demographic survey about the respondent's profile (automotive students,
automotive instructors, and car owners). The part two questionnaire is considered
parameters used to determine the usefulness or uselessness of the device and is
classified into various labels such as "highly functional," "functional, "moderately
functional," "slightly functional," and "not functional."
Data Gathering Procedure
The data for this study will be gathered using an evaluation questionnaire. First and
foremost, the researchers distributed an evaluation questionnaire through a Google
form that contains corresponding points on evaluation as well as open-ended

questions. After the respondents answer the questionnaire, the researcher will test
the effectiveness of developing a wiper system sensor for light vehicles. Then the
researchers tallied the results gathered in a survey.
Sampling procedure
In selecting the respondents of the study, the target respondents are the automotive
students, instructors, and car owners taken by the proponents.
Scoring Procedure
To find the extent of the effectiveness of the development of wiper system sensors
for light vehicles in terms of being functional, reliability, aesthetics, convenience, and
safety. The data gathered for this study will be based on the distribution of a form
via the Google platform to target the respondents and ask for their cooperation and
assistance with the study.
Scoring Guidelines
To interpret the data for evaluation of the development of wiper system sensors for
light vehicles, the following range is used:
Range Mean Qualitative

interpretation
4.50-5.00 5.00 Highly Functional
3.50-4.49 4.49 Functional
2.50-3.49 3.49 Moderately

Functional
1.50-2.49 2.49 Slightly Functional
1.00-1.49 1.49 Not Functional

Statistical treatment
The mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the results of the study.
The median is known as a measure of location; that is, it tells us where the data is. As
stated in the article, we do not need to know all the exact values to calculate the
median; if we made the smallest value even smaller or the largest value even larger,
it would not change the value of the median. Thus, the median does not use all the
information in the data, and so it can be shown to be less efficient than the mean or
average, which does use all the values in the data. To calculate the mean, we add up
the observed values and divide them by the number of them. The total of the values
obtained in Table 1.1 was 22.5, which was divided by their number, 15, to give a
mean of 1.5. This familiar process is conveniently expressed by the following
symbols:
The range is an important measurement, for the figures at the top and bottom of it
denote the findings furthest removed from the generality. However, they do not give
much indication of the spread of observations about the mean. This is where the
standard deviation (SD) comes in.

The reason why the standard deviation is such a useful measure of the scatter of the
observations is this: if the observations follow a normal distribution, a range covered
by one standard deviation above the mean and one standard deviation below it
Supplies and materials
The table below shows the list of materials and supplies, functions, quantities, units,
unit prices, and total prices.
Supplies and Functions Quantity Unit Unit Total

materials price price
(php)
Arduino For the module 1 pcs 498.58 498.58
UNO
Alpha To determine the 1 pcs 280.00 280.00
Numeric variable speed
LCD
Servo Motor To perform 2 Pcs 66.00 132.00
wiping system
Automotive For the 10 meters 20.00 200.00
Wire connectivity of
the components
GI To build as a 1 pcs 570.00 570.00
rectangular frame for the
tube (1.0) prototype
Windshield Partner for wiper 1 cm 289.00 289.00
glass blade
Rain Sensor To detect rain 1 pcs 862.40 862.40
Caster wheel Too easy to 4 pcs 45.00 180.00
move the entire
model
Marine board Attachment of 1/8 Cm 100.00 100.00
the wiper sensor
components
Potentiomete Used to adjust 1 Ohm 60 60.00
r the font inside of
the LCD
Wilding rod Used to weld 1 box 200.00 200.00
Alligator clip Used to clip 12 pcs 5.00 60.00
Socket Used to attached 10 pair 18.00 180.00
the clip
Cutting disk Use to cut and 2 pcs 36.00 72.00
grind
Measuring Use to measure 1 pcs 125.00 125.00
tape
Battery To switch the 1 pcs 45.00 45.00
switch battery
GI To build a frame 1 pcs 511.00 511.00
rectangular for the prototype
tube (1.2)
Bolts and Use to tighten 10 pcs 10.00 100 .00
nuts
Paint Color for the 1 gallon 325.00 325.00
frame
Glue For the 1 pcs 50.00 50.00
Solid wire For the 6 meters 20.00 120.00
connection
Bread board Attached all the 3 pcs 90.00 270.00
components
3D wall Design 1 meters 70.00 70.00
Mechanical Design
The development of a wiper system sensor for light vehicles composed of caster
wheel, frame made of GI rectangular tube, glass, wiper rain sensor, Arduino uno,
alpha-numeric LCD, wiper blade, servo motor, 12V automotive battery, Bread board,
battery switch, potentiometer, automotive wires, bolts and nuts.
The whole product for the development of a wiper system sensor for light vehicles is
mounted on a sturdy frame provided with caster wheels for easy movement of the
entire model. All the components are visible in the development of wiper system
sensor for light vehicles: the glass, caster wheel, rain sensor, wiper blade, Arduino
uno, alpha-numeric LCD, servo motor, 12V automotive battery, Bread board, battery
switch, potentiometer, automotive wire, bolts and nuts, and automotive wires.
The development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is used in demonstrations
of the mechanism of the wiper system sensor for light vehicles and also the wiring
process of the designated components that are attached to the product.
The development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is made of a sturdy frame
made of GI rectangular tube and the wiper system sensor.
Perspective Design
The figures below show the different sketch views for the development of wiper
system sensor for light vehicles such as the front view, right side view, and left side
view.
FRONT VIEW
Figure 1 Perspective front view for the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
The front view of the frame with the wiper system sensor is shown in the illustration below.
The frame of wiper system sensor is built of a rectangular tube with a flyboard attached.
The prototype's glass is affixed to the front of the model. The wiper blade is then mounted to
the window in order to complete the wiping mechanism. The frame is well-welded and
easily transportable.
RIGHT SIDE VIEW
Figure 2 Perspective right side view for the development of wiper system sensor for light
vehicles
The figure below shows the perspective right-side view of the wiper system sensor.
As you can see, this is the frame of the wiper system sensor. In the middle slant area,
that part will attach the components of the wiper system sensor. And on the middle-
left side of the model is the case for the automotive battery.
LEFT SIDE VIEW
Figure 3. Perspective left side view for the development of wiper system sensor for light
vehicles
The figure below shows the perspective left side view of the wiper system sensor. As
you can see, it is the same on the right side of the model. This is the frame of the
wiper system sensor. In the middle slant area, that part will attach the components
of the wiper system sensor.
Sketch Diagram
The figures below show the different sketch view of the prototype model such as; front
view, top view, right side view left side view and their dimensions.
Figure 4 shows the whole design for the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
Figure 4 shows the isometric view of the development of wiper system sensor
model. That shows the entire frame for the development of wiper system sensor for
light vehicles.
FRONT VIEW
Figure 5. shows the front view with dimensions for the development of wiper system sensor
for light vehicles
Figure 5 depicts the front perspective along with its proportions. As you can see, the
vertical portion of the frame measured 68.1 cm, while the horizontal portion was 150
cm. The distance between the battery's casings is 32.6 x 13 cm. 63.3cm for the glass in
the top section. The glass has a vertical dimension of 37.5 cm.
RIGHT VIEW
Figure 6 shows the right-side view with dimensions for the development of wiper system
sensor for light vehicles
Figure 6 shows the wiper system sensor model's right-side aspect as well as its
measurements. The vertical side of the glass is 46.9 cm long. The distance between
the battery case and the brace of the stand is 43 cm on the lower side under the
battery case. The horizontal side of the glass at the lowest portion of the stand is 60
cm long. The stand's bracing measures 18.5 cm.

CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Acceptability of the device
Table 1 displays the mean, standard deviation, and qualitative interpretation
responses in terms of the prototype's functionality.
Functionality of the Mean Standard Qualitative

product Deviation Interpretation
1. The researcher would Highly Functional
demonstrate the wiper
system sensor for light
vehicles 4.66667 0.54667227
2. The wiper system Highly Functional
sensor performed
reliably. 4.6 0.56324185
3. The automated wiper Highly Functional
system help the student
to understand the wiper
system sensor. 4.63 0.49013252
system could help to
improve the teaching
strategy of the
instructors. 4.7 0.4660916
system could help the
students to have more
knowledge about wiper
system sensor. 4.63 0.49013252
Overall mean Highly Functional
4.64667 0.0415
The automated wiper system could help to improve the teaching strategy of the
instructors. Obtain the highest mean (Mean= 4.7, Standard deviation=0.4660916).
The wiper system sensor performed reliably. Obtain the lowest mean (Mean= 4.6,
Standard Deviation=0.56324185).
Table 1 represents the functionality of the product that presents the mean and
standard deviation. As we can see, the mean of 4.7 is the number given on the
principles and function of the wiper sensor system, which is the highest functionality
or the highest mean. It shows that respondents should gain an understanding of
how the wiper system sensor works and its various functions. It could also help the
instructors improve their teaching strategies. One of the respondents' comments
stated that wiper system sensors could help the students and instructors perform
and demonstrate the functions of the product. A mean of 4.6 is the lowest mean that
is perceived as highly functional. The overall mean of the functionality of the
product is 4.64667. This means that the product is highly functional and
acceptable.
Table 2 shows the mean, standard deviation, and qualitative interpretation

responses in terms of the convenience of the prototype.
Convenience of Mean Standard Qualitative
the product Deviation Interpretation
1. The wiper Highly Functional
system sensor is
easy to assemble. 4.6 0.49827288
system sensor
doesn’t feel any
discomfort. 4.73333 0.44977645
3. The design of Highly Functional
the wiper system
sensor is adequate
when using it. 4.66667 0.4794633
system sensor
meets your
standard. 4.6 0.56324185
system sensor is
portable. 4.66667 0.54667227
Overall mean 4.65333 0.047023 Highly Functional
The wiper system sensor doesn’t feel any discomfort. Obtain the highest mean
(Mean- 4.73333, Standard Deviation 0.44977645).
The wiper system sensor is easy to assemble. Obtain the lowest mean (Mean- 4.6,
Standard Deviation- 0.49827288).
The wiper system sensor meets your standard. Obtain the lowest mean (Mean- 4.6,
Standard Deviation- 0.56324185).
Table 2 represents the mean and standard deviation of the convenience of the
product. As we can see, the mean of 4.73333 shows the effectiveness of the wiper
system sensor, which doesn't feel any discomfort. It shows that the product is
tangible for the 3 categorized respondents. Students will gain ideas for developing a
wiper system sensor. It’s also a major benefit for automotive practitioners who don’t
have access to or knowledge of modern technologies. Instructors will utilize this
product as an example of supporting details or ideas. It will assist them in better
managing their time so that they can teach their students in a more efficient and
time-efficient manner. Car owners will apply this product to their vehicles so that
they can better avoid accidents, particularly on night roads and during the rainy
season. It will assist them in avoiding danger while driving. So, it means that the
development of wiper sensor system for light vehicles is highly functional in terms
of convenience. There are two questions that interpret the lowest mean of 4.6. It
means that the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is easy to
assemble and meets their standards. Also, it is interpreted as highly functional. The
overall mean for the convenience of the product is 4.65333, indicating that the
development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is highly functional in terms
of convenience.
Table 3 shows the mean, standard deviation, and qualitative interpretation

responses in terms of the reliability of the product.
Reliability of the Mean Standard Qualitative
system sensor is
more advantage. 4.6 0.62145547
system sensor has
no obstacles. 4.5 0.68228824
system sensor can
demonstrate the
three-variable
speed:
intermittent, low,
and high speed. . 4.7 0.4660916
4. The student Functional
could apply the
theoretical lectures
to practical
application. 4.43333 0.77385436
5. The wiper Functional
system sensor
model design is
not complicated. 4.4 0.7239737
The wiper system sensor can demonstrate three-variable speeds: intermittent, low,
and high speed. obtain the highest mean (Mean = 4.7, Standard Deviation =
0.4660916)
The wiper system sensor model design is not complicated. Obtain the lowest mean
(Mean = 4.4, Standard Deviation = 0.7239737)
Table 3 represents the mean and standard deviation of the reliability of the
development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles. As we can see, the highest
mean that translates to reliability of the product is 4.7, which can be rated as highly
functional. It proves that the wiper system sensor can demonstrate the three-variable
speed, which is low, medium, and high speed. The lowest mean of the reliability of
the product is 4.4, which can be rated as functional. That shows the wiper system
sensor model design is not complicated. So, the overall mean is 4.52667, which
means that the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is highly
functional and reliable in terms of practical application.
Table 4 shows the mean, standard deviation and qualitative interpretation in terms
of safety of the product.
Safety of the Mean Standard Qualitative

system sensor is
safety in rush and
rainy season. 4.53333 0.57134646
system sensor is
safety to all drivers
and car owners. 4.73333 0.44977645
system sensor
model is safety
during
demonstration. 4.56667 0.56832078
system sensor
components are
free from
injurious. 4.56667 0.50400693
system sensor
model has no
harmful chemicals. 4.5 0.57235147
The wiper system sensor is safe for all drivers and car owners. Obtain the highest
mean (Mean = 4.73333, Standard Deviation = 0.44977645).
The wiper system sensor model has no harmful chemicals. Obtain the lowest mean
(Mean = 4.5, Standard Deviation = 0.57235147).

Table 4 shows the mean, standard deviation, and qualitative interpretation in terms
of the safety of the product. The highest mean is 4.73333, which is rated as highly
functional. It shows that the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
gives the full guarantee of safety to all drivers and car owners. It will be able to
prevent them from getting into accidents during the rainy season. It can apply also
for those students and instructor who are performing demonstration and practical
assessment about wiper system sensor. The lowest mean score of the product is 4.5,
which can be rated as highly functional as well. It shows that the wiper system
sensor has no harmful chemicals that can cause a hazard to the people who use it.
The overall mean is 4.58, which interprets the safety of the development of wiper
system sensor fir light vehicles.
Table 5 shows the mean, standard deviation and qualitative interpretation in terms
of Aesthetics of the product.
Aesthetics of the Mean Standard Qualitative

system sensor
model components
are properly cut
and welded. 4.63333 0.5560532
2. The design of Highly Functional
the wiper system
sensor model is
unique. 4.6 0.56324185
system sensor
model components
has smooth surface
for the safety
when using it. 4.76667 0.50400693
system sensor
model is
presentable. 4.66667 0.53748385
5. This wiper Highly Functional
system sensor
model is not dirty. 4.73333 0.58329228
The wiper system sensor model components have a smooth surface for safety when
using them. Obtain the highest mean (Mean = 4.76667, Standard Deviation =
0.50400693).
The wiper system sensor model components are properly cut and welded. Obtain
the lowest mean (Mean = 4.63333, Standard Deviation = 0.5560532).
Table 5 shows the mean, standard deviation, and qualitative interpretation in terms
of the aesthetics of the product. Aesthetics is a concept in terms of which individual
works of art are interpreted and evaluated. The aesthetics demonstrate the product
beauty, cleanliness, uniqueness, and presentability. The highest mean is 4.76667. It
tells us that the wiper system sensor model is presentable and can be rated highly
functional. One of the comments of our respondents is that "the wiper sensor is very
useful to drivers; it can be presented on the market or by an automobile company.
The lowest mean is 4.63333. It shows the development of wiper system sensor for
light vehicles components are properly cut and welded. The overall mean is 4.68,
which means that the aesthetics of the product are highly functional and acceptable.
Table 6: Means responses in terms of acceptability of the device.
Project Criteria Mean

Functionality 4.64667
Convenience 4.65333
Reliability 4.52667
Safety 4.58
Aesthetics 4.68
Overall 4.617334
Table 6, "Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles," has an overall
mean of 4.617334 and is interpreted as highly functional in terms of functionality,

convenience, reliability, safety, and aesthetics. For the functionality of the wiper
system sensor, it has an overall mean of 4.64667, which means that the development
of wiper system sensor for light vehicle is highly functional in terms of the quality of
having a practical use and has the quality of being functional according to
respondents.
For convenience, it has an overall mean of 4.65333 This means that the development
of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is tangible for the 3 categorized respondents
and all. Students will gain ideas for developing an wipers system sensor. It’s also a
major benefit for automotive practitioners who don’t have access to or knowledge of
modern technologies. Instructors will utilize this product as an example of
supporting details or ideas. It will assist them in better managing their time so that
they can teach their students in a more efficient and time-efficient manner. Car
owners will apply this development of wiper system sensor to their vehicles so that
they can better avoid accidents, particularly on night roads and during the rainy
season. It will assist them in avoiding danger while driving. For the reliability of the
study, it has an overall mean of 4.52667, which means that the development of wiper
system sensor for light vehicles is reliable, and it shows that the model is not
complicated. It is used as a learning tool for students and instructors. For safety, it
has an overall mean of 4.58, which means that the development of wiper system
sensor for light vehicles will be able to prevent them from getting into accidents in
the rainy season and perform demonstration and practical assessment. For the
aesthetics, it has an overall mean of 4.68, which means that the development of
wiper system sensor for light vehicles is presentable and acceptable.

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusion and
recommendation of the study.

The main purpose of this study is to develop a wiper system sensor for light vehicles
to make it easier to explain, exemplify, and demonstrate the wiper system sensor,
and to share this study ideas with all automotive practitioners, instructors, and car
owners in our country as a learning resource. The specific problems that were
answer in this study are as follows:
influence the operation of the wiper system?
2. What are factors that affects in developing wiper system sensor for light
vehicles?
3. How acceptable is the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
in terms of; a.) Functionality b.) Reliability, c.) Safety, d.) Aesthetics, e.)
Convenience.
Research problem number 1
influence the operation of the wiper system? (What are the material needed to
come in developing wiper system sensor for light vehicles?)
The use of automatic sensors is to help the operation of a wiper system that could
be able to perform automatically but not manually.(The materials used in making
this wiper system sensor are the Arduino UNO, Servo motor, Alphanumeric
LCD, Rain Sensor Module, 10k variable sensor, wiper blade, Bread board, battery
switch, potentiometer, automotive wire, 12V battery, steel plate, windshield
glass, marine board, rectangular tube for the frame that could be able to attach
the wiper mock up sensor, and caster wheels for easy movement of the entire
model.)
Research problem number 2:
2. What are the factors that affect the development of wiper system sensor for
light vehicles?
The factors that affect the development of the wiper system sensor for light vehicles
are as follows:
Students will be able to use the wiper sensor system for light vehicles to provide
additional background, learning, ideas, and capabilities to enhance their skills,
knowledge, and capabilities to work in terms of the principles and operation of the
wiper sensor system. Due to a lack of learning materials, several students don’t
know the operation of the wiper system sensor.
This model can be utilized by instructors to support details or concepts when
teaching their students. It will help them organize their time better so that they can
educate their students more effectively and efficiently. Some schools are unable to
provide a product, and lack a development model to be utilized as a learning aid for
their students.
A wiper system sensor can provide the car owner with information on how to avoid
accidents, particularly on night roads and during the rainy season. It will assist them
in avoiding danger while driving and applying safety. Suddenly, the wiper sensor
system is quite expensive and yet easy to resolve the trouble.
Research problem number 3

1. How acceptable is the instructional trainer model in terms of: a.) functionality,
b.) reliability, c.) safety, d.) aesthetics, e.) convenience?
Based on the ratings of the respondents about the usefulness of the product in terms
of functionality, reliability, safety, aesthetics, and convenience, in terms of
functionality, we, the researchers, proves that it is functional in 3 principles: slow,
moderate, and high. In reliability, it is reliable on the basis of what we have done in
developing the wiper system sensor for light vehicles. We prove that the
development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles can demonstrate the three-
variable speed, which is the low, moderate, and high speed. In terms of safety, it is
safe based on the testing that we conducted several times. In terms of aesthetics, the
wiper system sensor model components have a smooth surface and are safe when
used. They are also presentable and can be rated as highly functional. The
development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is useful because it is tangible
and we are comfortable performing it.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study and the results of the data gathered from the
respondents, the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles is acceptable
and reliable for automotive practitioners, instructors, and car owners when it comes
to the functionality of the product. It has a mean of 4.64667, which belongs to the
highly functional base on qualitative interpretation. For convenience, it has a mean
of 4.65333, which also belongs to the highly functional base on qualitative
interpretation. For reliability, it has a mean of 4.52667, which belongs to the
functional basis on qualitative interpretation. For safety, it has a mean of 4.58, which
belongs to the highly functional based on qualitative interpretation. For aesthetics, it
has a mean of 4.68, which belongs to the highly functional base on qualitative
interpretation. The result of the development of wiper system sensor for light
vehicles in terms of functional, aesthetics, reliability, and safety are all highly
functional, though the convenience of the instructional model has a functional basis
on qualitative interpretation.
Recommendations
During the system's development, the researcher encounters difficulties with the
system's components. The parts of the wiper sensor system are uncommon and
expensive. The researchers were unable to purchase expensive parts due to financial
constraints, and they also encountered difficulties in assembling and programming
the aforementioned wiper system sensor. The researcher's determination and
courage aided them in achieving their objectives based on their findings and
conclusions. The development of a wiper system sensor is recommended and
reliable to operate the wiper system automatically. It is also acceptable as an
additional learning system in schools.
References
1. Bansode et al. (2012) Design and development of smart automatic windshield
wiper system: fuzzy logic approach.

2. Joshi, et al. (2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology
(ICST) A novel and cost-effective resistive rain sensor for automatic wiper
control: Circuit modelling and implementation
3. Karim Nice (Feb 9, 2021) How Windshield Wipers Work
4. Lubna Alazzawi (April 2015) Design and Implementation of a Reconfigurable

Automatic Rain Sensitive Windshield Wiper
5. Peter Otchere (November 2016) Design and implementation of Automatic

sensing Car Wiper
6. Poppathi Naresh (December 2015) Automatic Rain-Sensing Wiper System for
4-Wheeler
7. Rahul D. Pawar (2015) A review: Front windshield wiper controller system
for synchronisation of two wiper motors
8. Rein S. Teder Libbey-Owens (1990) Rain responsive windshield wiper control
9. Tashiro et al. (2020) Reversal Angle Control of Windshield Wiper Motor

Using a Reference Governor.
10. Terakura, et al, (2001-01-0612) Development of Rain Sensor for Automatic

Wiper System
11. Ucar, et al. (2001). The design and implementation of rain sensitive triggering
system for windshield wiper motor
Appendices
The appendices contain pictures that illustrate the procedure for the
development of a wiper system sensor for light vehicles that was built by the
researchers.
Figure 1. Cutting rectangular tube for the frame
Figure 1 shows the grinder procedure that uses a grinder to cut a rectangular tube. It
is necessary to immediately indicate the various aspects in order to avoid abuse or
failure. Rectangular tubes serve as a framework for the overall wiper system sensor
concept. To guarantee that the automatic wiper system model is both long-lasting
and visually beautiful, the researcher employed a number of 1.2-mm rectangular
tubes. The image shows the grinding process of welded angles to guarantee that
they are securely bonded to one another and to clear up the welded debris.
Figure 2 welding procedure for the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
This image shows the welding procedure for the development of wiper system
sensor for light vehicles in order to make or produce a frame or model that will
allow the researcher to readily exhibit or explain the flow and connections of the
development of wiper system sensor. To ensure that the model was both sturdy and
appealing, the researcher employed a welding machine.

Figure 3 painting process for the development of wiper system sensor for light vehicles
The image shows the painting process of the frame. To ensure that the metal would
not corrode, we used a paint spray gun to paint all the parts of the frame that can be
attached to all the components of the wiper system sensor. And also, to prevent
damage, it can be presentable as well.

Figure 4 attached the glass using ABC Silicon Sealant Glazing Grade Clear
Figure 4 shows how to put ABC silicon sealant in the frame where the glass or
windshield will be placed or attached to the frame. After the glass is placed, wait for
a couple of minutes to ensure that the glass is attached intact to the frame.
Figure 5 attached all the components for the development of wiper system sensor for light
vehicles
The image shows the installation of all the components that are needed to complete
the set up for the development of the wiper system sensor for light vehicles.
The following pictures is the demonstration process on how the product works and
how it adjusts the current speed of the motor

EVALUATION OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL
Name: Date:
Address:
Rating
Highly Functional -5
Functional -4
Moderately Functional - 3
Slightly Functional -2
Not functional -1
Please rate the following by checking the appropriate answers Standard Criteria.
I Functionality 5 4 3 2 1
1. The researcher would demonstrate the wiper
system sensor for light vehicles
2. The wiper system sensor performed reliably.
3. The automated wiper system help the student
to understand the wiper system sensor.
4. The automated wiper system could help to
improve the teaching strategy of the instructors.
5. The automated wiper system could help the
students to have more knowledge about wiper
system sensor.
II Convenience 5 4 3 2 1
1. The wiper system sensor is easy to assemble.
2. The wiper system sensor doesn’t feel any
discomfort.
3. The design of the wiper system sensor is
adequate when using it.
4. The wiper system sensor meets your standard.
5. The wiper system sensor is portable.
III Reliability 5 4 3 2 1
1. The wiper system sensor is more advantage.
2. The wiper system sensor has no obstacles.
3. The wiper system sensor can demonstrate the
three-variable speed: low, medium, and high
speed.
4. The student could apply the theoretical lectures
to practical application.
5. The wiper system sensor model design is not
complicated.
IV Safety 5 4 3 2 1
1. The wiper system sensor is safety in rush and
rainy season.
2. The wiper system sensor is safety to all drivers
and car owners.
3. The wiper system sensor model is safety during
demonstration.
4. The wiper system sensor components are free
from injurious.
5. The wiper system sensor model has no harmful
chemicals.
V Aesthetics 5 4 3 2 1
1. The wiper system sensor model components are
properly cut and welded.
2. The design of the wiper system sensor model is
unique.
3. The wiper system sensor model components
has smooth surface for the safety when using it.
4. The wiper system sensor model is presentable.
5. This wiper system sensor model is not dirty.
Comments:
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Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles

Undergraduate thesis presented to the faculty of the

Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Quizon, Aljhon Vandame II T.

Thesis title: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles

Juror’s Comments and Suggestions

 must summarize the powerpoit presentation

Engr. Noli A. Miranda

Thesis title: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles

Juror’s Comments and Suggestions

 Statement of the problem number 1

Jovelin M. Lapates, Assoc.Prof.1

Thesis title: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles

Juror’s Comments and Suggestions

 In the introuduction, make sure to highlight the importance of the studying a

Omar A. Tantoy, Ph.D.

Engr. Noli A. Miranda Jovelin M. Lapates, Assoc.Prof.1

Omar A. Tantoy, Ph.D.

Accepted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in

Jhoncher D. Hapayon Marilou O. Espina, M.I.T.

Bukidnon State University

The Bukidnon State University Automotive Technology Department under the

Anticipating your positive response.

Thank you very much and more power.

Hilario P. Gutierrez, M. Arch.,RMP

Prepared by: HPGutierrez 2021

THESIS TITLE: Development of Wiper System Sensor for Light Vehicles

NAME OF STUDENTS : Quizon, Aljhon Vandame III T.

BARRED FROM PRESENTING THESIS 

Prepared by: HPGutierrez 2021

Background and Rationale of the Study 1-4

Statement of the Problem 5

Significance of the Study . 6-7

Research Design …. 7-12

 Schematic Diagram for Wiper System Sensor

 Block Diagram of Wiper System Sensor

Scope and Delimitation 12

Planning &Design, Materials, Environment…………………………………

Manpower, Process/Method, Machine and tools……………………....16-

CHAPTER 2: RELATED STUDIES/ LITERATURE

Related Literature …………………………………………………………19-

Sampling Procedure, Scoring Procedure, Scoring Guidelines……………

Supplies & Materials, Research Design…………………………………32-

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Acceptability of the device………………………………………...………41-

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Background and Rational of the study

This study is being conducted on automotive students at Bukidnon State University

conducting innovation by adding new technology inventions. Automotive

automotive practitioners, instructors, and car owners in our country as a learning

Many car manufacturers currently provide vehicles that are technologically

temperature, level of emission, coolant levels, etc. (ELPROCUS, 2006–2021). In an

with the development of this product is the manual adjustment of windshield

cause a vehicle accident.

some vehicles used manual systems that required manual intervention. An

intensity. Such a system improves the safety of a ride.

cumbersome manual operation into a smooth automatic one.

industry. By converting the traditional wiper system into an automatic wiper

too expensive unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles.

Good wiping is distinguished by the homogeneous disposal of water without the

presence) as much as possible. The arm is propelled by a motor, which is usually an

while most personal automobiles use two synchronized radial-type arms.