Unit 4: Writing the Review of Related Literature

Lesson 2
Citing Literature Sources

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Why is it
important to
cite sources in
research?

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Learning
● Distinguish different forms of
Objectives citation.
● Apply a specific style guide in
At the end of the
lesson, you should be research writing.
able to do the
following:

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1. Poverty in the Philippines had significantly
escalated in the year 2020 compared to that of
the year 2019.
2. My favorite food is truffle pasta.
3. It is better to give than to receive.
4. The tourism industry in Asia continues to grow for
the past five years.
5. The air pollution in Metro Manila is drastically
worse than in Beijing.
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Purpose of Citing Literature Sources

● To give credit to other writers and

researchers
● To support evidence in the researcher’s
argument
● To easily locate sources about a certain
topic
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 Citation Style Guides
Style Guide Discipline
APA Psychology, Education, Social Sciences

MLA Humanities

CMOS Business, History, Fine Arts

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What is the significance of
using the appropriate style
guide?

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 Types of Citations
In-text citation Reference list

appears in-between is usually found at the

the researcher’s writing last part of a research
paper

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Example of in-text citation

Parents are considered as one of the primary

sources of social support of adolescents. They
influence the development of adolescents’
career interests, goals, intentions, career-
related self-efficacy, and outcome expectations
(Kenny & Medvide, 2013).

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Example of reference list citation

Bibliography
Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen. Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road From the Late Teens Through
The Twenties. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004.
“Proportion of Poor Filipinos was Estimated at 16.6 Percent in 2018.” Philippine Statistics
Authority. December 6, 2019. https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/144752.
Smith, Rebecca Lee, Ann Marie Carroll, and Kathryn T. Callaghan. “Emerging Adulthood: A
College Student, Middle Class Perk?" Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 20, no. 2
(2015): 80-85.

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Remember

The two parts of citations are the

in-text citation and reference
list. Citations vary according to
the style guide (i.e., APA, MLA, or
CMOS) used.

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APA 7th It follows the author and year of
Edition Basic publishing format of in-text
Rules citation.

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Examples

A work by one author

1. APA style is commonly used by psychology
majors (Dela Cruz, 2020).
2. According to Dela Cruz (2020), APA style is
commonly used by psychology majors.

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Examples

A work by two authors

1. APA style is commonly used by psychology
majors (Dela Cruz & Garcia, 2020).
2. According to Dela Cruz and Garcia (2020),
APA style is commonly used by psychology
majors.
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Examples

A work by three or more authors

1. APA style is commonly used by psychology
majors (Dela Cruz et al., 2020).
2. According to Dela Cruz et al. (2020), APA style
is commonly used by psychology majors.

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MLA Style
MLA follows the author-page
Manual Basic
Rules format of in-text citation.

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Examples

A work by one author

1. MLA style is frequently used by linguistics

majors (Dela Cruz 9).
2. Dela Cruz suggests that MLA style is
frequently used by linguistics majors (9).
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Examples

A work by two authors

1. MLA style is frequently used by linguistics

majors (Dela Cruz and Garcia 9).
2. Dela Cruz and Garcia suggest that MLA style
is frequently used by linguistics majors (9).
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Examples

A work by three or more authors

1. MLA style is frequently used by linguistics

majors (Dela Cruz et al. 9).
2. Dela Cruz et al. suggest that MLA style is
frequently used by linguistics majors (9).
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Chicago
Manual of The Chicago style comes in two
Style 17th formats: notes and
Edition Basic bibliography, and author-date.
Rules

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Example of notes and bibliography format

In writing literature reviews, Plano Clark and Creswell

suggest that “a good, rigorous literature review
therefore conveys that the researcher completed a
comprehensive review of the literature, organized, and
synthesized this literature”1.

1. Vicki L. Plano Clark and John W. Creswell, Understanding Research: A

Consumer’s Guide (New Jersey: Pearson, 2015), 143.
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Example of author-date format

In writing literature reviews, Plano Clark and

Creswell (2015) suggest that “a good, rigorous
literature review therefore conveys that the
researcher completed a comprehensive review
of the literature, organized, and synthesized
this literature.”
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What are the disadvantages of
not properly citing sources?

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 ● APA 7th Edition: “References”

● MLA Handbook 8th Edition:

Reference
“Works Cited”
Citation
Guidelines
● Chicago Manual of Style 17th
Edition: “Bibliography” or
“References”

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Example of APA 7th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, R. (2001). Introduction to Research
Methods. ABC Publishing.

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Example of APA 7th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, R., & Lee J. (2001). Introduction to
Research Methods. ABC Publishing.

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Example of APA 7th Edition

Journal Article
Garcia, G., & Reyes, K. (2012). Understanding
the struggles of Senior High School students
in the Philippines. Philippine Youth Journal,
1(2), 22-32.

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Example of APA 7th Edition

Web sources
Mesina, Alex. (2018, January 9). Playing
Saxophone for Beginners. Young Musicians
Today, www.youngmusicians.com/playingsax

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Example of MLA 8th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, Robbie. Introduction to Research
Methods. ABC Publishing, 2001.

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Example of MLA 8th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, Robbie, and John Lee. Introduction to
Research Methods. ABC Publishing, 2001.

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Example of MLA 8th Edition

Journal Article
Garcia, Gabriella, et al. “Understanding the
Struggles of Senior High School Students in
the Philippines.” Philippine Youth Journal, vol.
1, no. 2, 2012, pp. 22-32.

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Example of MLA 8th Edition

Web Sources
Mesina, Alex. “Playing Saxophone for
Beginners.” Young Musicians Today, 9 January
2018, www.youngmusicians. com/playingsax.
Accessed 14 May 2020.

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Example of CMOS 17th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, Robbie. Introduction to Research
Methods. London: ABC Publishing, 2001.

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Example of CMOS 17th Edition

Book
Dela Cruz, Robbie, and John Lee. Introduction to
Research Methods. London: ABC Publishing,
2001.

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Example of CMOS 17th Edition Reference Citation

Journal Article
Garcia, Gabriella, and Kris Reyes. “Understanding
the Struggles of Senior High School Students
in the Philippines.” Philippine Youth Journal 1,
no. 2 (2012): 22-32.

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Example of CMOS 17th Edition Reference Citation

Web Sources
Mesina, Alex. “Playing Saxophone for
Beginners.” Young Musicians Today, January
9, 2018.
www.youngmusicians.com/ playingsax.

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Tip

Always make sure that the

sources found on the in-text
citation are also found on the
references list, and vice-versa.

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 Quick Check

1. Why is it important to cite sources?

2. What different information needs proper

citation?

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 Quick Check

A linguistics instructor doing their thesis used

an author-page format on the in-text citation
and labeled the references citation as “Works
Cited.” What particular style guide was used?

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 Wrap Up

The purpose of citing literature is to

give credit to other researchers,
make the research work credible,
and track relevant sources of
information.

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 Wrap Up

The most commonly used citation

style guides are APA, MLA, and
CMOS.

The two parts of citations are the in-

text citation and reference list.

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Wrap Up

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