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Chapter 1

Introduction to the Study

This chapter is consisting of (1), Background and

Theoretical framework of the study, (2) Statement of the

Problems, (3) Significance of the Study, (4), Scope and

Delimitation of the Study, (5) Definition of Terms.

Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the

study, discusses the introduction, the rationale, the

theoretical and conceptual framework of the study which

serves as frame reference.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem, stated the general

and specific problems that the study seeks to answer.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, mentions the

importance and benefit of the study.

Part Four, Definition of Terms, presents necessary

terms and defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding.

Part Five, Scope and Delimitation, specifies the scope,

and coverage of the study in terms of problems and its

descriptive analysis.
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Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study

Internet has been the most influential agent, having

had a huge impact on daily human life. Adolescents are more

vulnerable than other age groups to using the Internet

excessively, given that they are not physically or mentally

fully developed. Due to the diverse nature of the Internet

and the advantages it offers, its use is becoming far more

widespread. Family has an important role in influencing the

socialization of adolescents. It has been shown that the

family is a protective factor in preventing adolescents from

taking part in problematic and hazardous behavior. Several

types of parenting approaches are discussed in the

literature. Parental monitoring and parental style are the

more common parental skills in the daily life of

adolescents, rather than paying specific attention to

particular types of adolescent activities.

Parents’ Supervision on the Online Activities of

Students is important especially when your child is

searching for something that might me good or bad for them.

Supervising lets you know if your child (or their friends)

post something damaging. Identity theft, because they are

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prone to give out too much information, it’s easy for

someone to steal your child’s identity to open up credit

card accounts or others instances fraud.

As kids expand their social circles online, many

parents are tempted to monitor their online activities and

interactions. One child advocate suggests that parents would

do well to let kids hold onto some level of privacy.

Viruses and malware, an interesting myth about social

media is the one about tension between teen privacy and teen

safety, because of all the scary messaging about the

Internet that has been circulation for almost two decades,

many parents seem to believe it’s their job to supervise

their children’s internet use closely. The assumption is

that privacy (from parents) jeopardizes their safety. That

assumption deserved to be challenged. If, where most kids

are concerned (of course not vulnerable or at risk youth),

we think of privacy as space to figure things out on one’s

own and work things out with the peers, it becomes clear

that privacy affords learning about who one is, how to

interact well with others, and ow to apply one’s vale to

interactions. But parents have also voiced concerns about

the behavior’s teens engage in online, the people with whom

they interact and the personal information they make

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available. Indeed, these concerns are not limited to

parents.

According to Karoly et. Al (2015), Parents are among

the most important people in the lives of young children.1

From birth, children are learning and rely on mothers and

fathers, as well as other caregivers acting in the parenting

role, to protect and care for them and to chart a trajectory

that promotes their overall well-being. While parents

generally are filled with anticipation about their

children’s unfolding personalities, many also lack knowledge

about how best to provide for them. Becoming a parent is

usually a welcomed event, but in some cases, parents’ lives

are fraught with problems and uncertainty regarding their

ability to ensure their child’s physical, emotional, or

economic well-being.

At the same time, this study was fundamentally informed

by recognition that the task of ensuring children’s healthy

development does not rest solely with parents or families.

It lies as well with governments and organizations at the

local/community, state, and national levels that provide

programs and services to support parents and families.

Society benefits socially and economically from providing

current and future generations of parents with the support

they need to raise healthy and thriving children. In short,

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when parents and other caregivers are able to support young

children, children’s lives are enriched, and society is

advantaged by their contributions (

https://www.nap.edu/read/21868/chapter/3).

According to the study of Dr. capriole (2014), Modern

technology has brought with its great advances and

conveniences that we all enjoy. It has also brought

unforeseen challenges that we are still trying to figure out

how to deal with. Among the most demanding of these is the

need to ensure our children know how to use the internet in

a healthy and productive way. Should parents monitor their

child’s internet usage? Yes, parents should monitor their

child’s internet use. The internet is filled with potential

for kids to be exposed to inappropriate content, as well as

harmful interactions like bullying and harassment. Further,

they could become involved in relationships with people who

pretend to be someone online that they are not in real life.

The potential for negative interactions is vast on the

web. Parents must be resolute in their commitment to support

their children as they learn how to interact online in a way

that is appropriate for their age. It is automatically

enabled with Circle’s parental controls to give you the

ability to easily manage content and time online for any

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connected device (https://strategiesforparents.com/why-

parents-should-monitor-their-childrens-internet-usage/).

Over the last 20 years, the environment in which an

American child grows up has changed drastically. Information

technology was nowhere nearly as advanced, the internet was

a dial-up modem and a mobile phone often resembled a bulky,

plastic brick. Times have changed and with that change comes

new considerations for parents. However, the definition of

“prevention” in this context is often misconstrued. The

point is not to prevent children from encountering

inappropriate content, but rather to prevent them from being

negatively influenced by such content.

Most arguments for the monitoring of children’s online

activities (and by extension, their phones) are based on the

idea of preventing children from coming into contact with

undesirable people, content or interactions in the first

place. However, this approach is misguided and perhaps even

impossible. For one, it’s unlikely that parents can

consistently prevent their children from encountering

inappropriate content. It also doesn’t consider the learning

opportunities that can occur when children first encounter

such content

(https://stopmedicineabuse.org/blog/details/should-parents-

monitor-their-teens-online-activities/)
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According to Bentley (2019), There are numerous ways

parents can monitor their child’s online activities.

Educators who specialize in this area say the best way is

for parents to have a good relationship with their kids. “It

starts with conversations and relationships with your

children,” said Randy Kolset, coordinator of Online Learning

and Professional Development for the Orange County

Department of Education. Kolset conducts training programs

for teachers and parents on ways to keep kids safe online

and ways to maintain a safe digital footprint. Knowing who

their friends are is important, he said. “Talk to your kids

about which friends they are hanging out with.”

(https://www.ocregister.com/2014/08/05/parents-should-

monitor-what-their-children-do-online/)

According to May (2017), It’s a question that most

parents struggle with at some point: should I monitor my

child’s activity on social media sites? The answer, quite

simply, is yes. For the safety of your family, it’s

important to keep tabs on what your kids are saying,

sharing, and doing on social media. Cyberbullying can occur

among kids of all ages. If your child is the victim of

cyberbullying, they may be reluctant to let you know. They

can try to keep it to themselves and manage it on their own,

and can quickly become overwhelmed and upset. Sexting can

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seem somewhat harmless to kids, but it can have very serious

social and legal consequences. Parents should monitor the

types of photos that kids take and share on social media, as

well as in text messages. While many kids have access to

their mobile devices all day long, it’s important to set

limits on screen time. By monitoring what your child is

doing, you’ll be able to have a better idea of how much time

they’re spending on social media. Set up realistic rules for

everyone in the family so that internet time is limited.

When you know what your child is doing, you’ll have an

easier time creating and enforcing limits

(https://www.familyorbit.com/blog/parents-monitor-childrens-

social-media/).

Children of today are growing up in a technological

world. Almost every home has a computer in it. Some homes

possibly have more than one computer. The children who live

in these homes are learning to use a computer before they

can even walk and talk. For example, my seven-month-old son

already has a Fisher Price computer. It consists of a bright

colorful keyboard, with large keypads, that fits over the

keyboard of our home computer. It comes with a CD that shows

him images on the screen when he hits the keyboard. He loves

"working" on his computer and I love the fact that although

he does not know it yet, he is essentially learning how to

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use a computer (https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Protecting-

Our-Children-from-the-Internet-F3JJ7Q2YTJ).

Technology tools such as radio, television, telephones,

computers, and the Internet can provide access to knowledge

in sectors such as entertainment, education and human

rights, offering a new realm of choices that enable the

person to improve their knowledge for future needs. The

curiosity of the Internet makes children and young people to

try to know or learn as much as possible about new things to

be more advanced than adults in using the Internet.

Optimists view the emergence of the Internet as a chance for

democratic and community-based participation, for

creativity, self-expression and play, and to enhance the

expansion of knowledge, whereas pessimists lament the end of

childhood, innocence, traditional values and authority.

Children are being described as the “ICT generation” or

the computer generation in information and communication

with this technology. Now, many children know more than or

as much as their parents or teachers know about these

technologies. This scenario shows that internet can be one

of the tools to develop the children knowledge in this new

urban life. When a child has a project or homework to do,

the internet is a portal to extensive amounts of

information, a superb resource for children nowadays. There

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are many useful sources to be found, such as libraries,

bookstores, news room and even virtual school. While the

Internet is an amazing resource, parents have reasonable

concerns about how they can secure a wholly beneficial

Internet experience for the children (childcare/development-

of-children-knowledge-through-internet.php).

This study is anchored to Parent Development Theory

(PDT) to assist professionals in organizing their thinking,

practice, and research regarding parenting. This basic idea

was developed by Mowder, Barbara A. (2005) titled

“Understanding Parents, Parenting Perceptions and Parenting

Behaviors” For the importance of parenting, with the long-

term implications for children, families, and society, there

is precious little psychological theory specifically on

parents and parent development. And, while there are many

parent’s education programs available and certainly

substantial research on parents (e.g., Baurmind, 1975,

1991), none are based on an overall theoretical model

regarding who parents are and how they develop in relation

to the parenting role.

This article provides a theoretical framework, the

Parent Development Theory (PDT) to assist professionals in

organizing their thinking, practice, and research regarding

parenting. The parent role is important to understand since

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it is through this role that individuals perceive what

parenting involves and consequently parent children. At

various points on any given day, individuals perform other

social roles, such as being a friend, teacher or learner,

employer or employee. But when individuals interact with

their children, they are performing the role of being a

parent. Therefore, the PDT defines who parents are, examines

the parent role individuals play, clarifies how parents and

parenting develop and change over time, and explains how the

parent role relates to parenting activities.

The parent role is one key to understanding parents

since the role is performed by individuals who create the

role as well as respond to role demands. The parent role is

partially an individual creation in that people

conceptualize parenting based on their own prior experiences

in a parent-child relationship, their thoughts and feelings

about being a parent, and their child rearing expertise and

understanding. But while part of the role is individually

thought about, shaped, and refined, other aspects are

externally imposed, like legal requirements, in socially

well-developed countries, regarding children's protection

and welfare. Parents' perceptions of their role are not only

affected by their own developmental experiences, changes,

and needs, but also by their changing, growing, developing

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child. For example, children need continuous care as

infants, but as they grow their parental needs change. Thus,

parents of infants spend a good deal of time tending to

their children by feeding, diapering, cuddling, and holding.

As infants become toddlers and then preschoolers, their

developmental needs change and parents increasingly focus

their efforts on encouraging, guiding, and supervising child

exploration. Parental awareness of their child's

developmental changes and corresponding needs, not to

mention each child's unique characteristics, is tempered by

the ongoing yet evolving parent-child relationship. For

instance, family dynamics such as spousal or partner

conflict over issues such as child-rearing can affect

parents' interactions with their children as well as their

parenting perceptions.

In addition, the broader social-cultural context also

influences parents' views of their parenting role; parents'

religious orientation, for example, potentially affects

parents' perceptions of their role as well as associated

parenting activities (Levine, 2003). The PDT addresses the

issue of parenting by examining how parents, their parent

role perceptions, and consequent parenting shifts and

changes over time as parents adjust and respond to their own

experience, their children, the parent-child relationship,

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family dynamics, and the social-cultural milieu. Therefore,

the PDT is a resource for child developmentalists,

counselors, psychologists, social workers, teachers, and

other child-oriented professionals who seek to understand

parents and parenting, especially in relation to children's

growth and development

(https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-220766550/paren

t-development-theory-understanding-parents).

Conceptual Framework

Parents

Online
Activities

Students

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to determine the

Parents’ Supervision on the Online Activities of Student.

Specifically, to answer the following question:

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1. What is the impact of Parents’ Supervision on the

Online Activities of the Students?

2. What are the advantages and dis-advantages of

Parents’ Supervision on the Online Activities of

Student?

3. Does the supervision of parents to the online

activities of students alter their flexibility?

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial to the

students, parents, teachers, and future researchers.

Students. Students whose very aggressive to online

activities will know how their parents supervise them.

Nowadays, Online gaming, Facebook, Youtube, Instagram,

Twitter and other apps are very prominent to the students

right now, it happened that their time to study are divided,

so out of this study they will be knowledgeable about the

parents’ supervision on their online activities.

Parents. Parents will have deeper understanding about

how they should supervise the online activities of their

students. Through this study, parents will be knowledgeable

whether they should look after their students on their

online activities.
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Teacher. The findings of this study will benefit them

for they will become aware of the supervision of parents on

the online activities of their students.

Future Researchers. The conclusion of this study will

benefit them for this will serve as a basis for the similar

studies in the future.

Definition of terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and

operationally:

Online Activities refers to activities that are most

popular with teens and/ or millennials. Online activities

like online gaming just like League of Legends, Dota, Mobile

Legens, online applications like Fecebook, Youtube,

Instagram, Twitter and more are very popular to students

nowadays

(https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2010/12/16/online-

activities/).

In this study, “Online Activities” referred to online

applications like Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, Twitter and

online games like LoL, Mobile Legends Dota, etc. This will
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be determined by the responses during of the respondents

during the interview.

Parents’ Supervision refers to looking after, or

monitoring a child's activities by a parent that the

researchers aim to study (Webster’s Dictionary, 2019).

In this study, “Parents’ Supervision” referred to

monitoring your student’s social media activity. This will

be determined by the responses during the interview.

Delimitation of the Study

This qualitative research will be conducted using a

researchers’ In-depth interview guide questionnaire that is

formulated so that the needed data will be substantiated. In

identifying the respondent, the researchers will use a

purposive sampling, respondents from Filamer Christian

University will be interviewed. In-depth interview is used

in order to gather genuine data from the respondents that

are necessary in this study and the discussion is limited

only to the information given by the participants of what is

their economic, social, and political way of life in

different terms. This set of questions will be rendered to

panelist for validation and further corrections. Interviews

will be audio recorded for later transcription and analysis.

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Other forms of data such as documents, observations and art

will be also used. Documentations through taking pictures

and video recording will be used as an evidence.