PVSYST V6.

83 Masen (Maroc) 04/04/23 Page 1/6

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : sim 100MW
Geographical Site Agoudim-Zaida Midelt Country Morocco
Situation Latitude 32.90° N Longitude -4.69° W
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT Altitude 1360 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: agoudam Meteonorm 7.2 (1986-2005), Sat=100% - Synthetic

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 03/04/23 14h48

Simulation parameters System type Unlimited trackers

Tracking horizontal axis Simplified model, unlimited 10tracker rows Axis Azimuth 0°
Rotation Limitations Phi min. -60° Phi max. 60°
Tracking algorithm Astronomic calculation

Trackers configuration Nb. of trackers 10 Unlimited trackers

Tracker Spacing 10.5 m Collector width 3.00 m
Inactive band Left 0.02 m Right 0.02 m
Shading limit angles Phi limits +/- 73.0° Ground cov. Ratio (GCR) 28.6 %

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings
Bifacial system Model Unlimited trackers, 2D calculation
Tracker Spacing 10.50 m Tracker width 3.04 m
Tracking limit angle 60° GCR 29.0 %
Ground albedo 24.0 % Axis height above ground 2.10 m
Module bifaciality factor 75 % Rear shading factor 1.4 %
Module transparency 3.0 % Rear mismatch loss 10.0 %
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)
Power factor Cos(phi) 0.800 leading Phi 36.9°

PV Arrays Characteristics (2 kinds of array defined)

PV module Si-mono Model LR5 72 545 M HBD Bifacial1
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi Solar
Sub-array "Sub-array #1"
Number of PV modules In series 26 modules In parallel 6437 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 167362 Unit Nom. Power 545 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 91212 kWp At operating cond. 82784 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 973 V I mpp 85118 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #2"
Number of PV modules In series 27 modules In parallel 7898 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 213246 Unit Nom. Power 545 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 116219 kWp At operating cond. 105480 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 1010 V I mpp 104437 A
Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 207431 kWp Total 380608 modules
Module area 973711 m²

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Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Inverter Model SUN2000-215KTL-H0
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Huawei Technologies
Characteristics Operating Voltage 500-1500 V Unit Nom. Power 200 kWac
Max. power (=>35°C) 215 kWac
Sub-array "Sub-array #1" Nb. of inverters 385 units Total Power 77000 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.18
Sub-array "Sub-array #2" Nb. of inverters 490 units Total Power 98000 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.19
Total Nb. of inverters 875 Total Power 175000 kWac

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 0.19 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#2 0.16 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Global Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290
0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°
1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

Unavailability of the system 3.6 days, 3 periods Time fraction 1.0 %

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Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : sim 100MW
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Unlimited trackers
PV Field Orientation tilt
PV modules Model LR5 72 545 M HBD Bifacial1Pnom 545 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 380608 Pnom total 207431 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-215KTL-H0 Pnom 200 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 875.0 Pnom total 175000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid) Cos(Phi) 0.800 leading

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 570102 MWh/year Specific prod. 2748 kWh/kWp/year
Apparent energy 712627 MVAh Perf. Ratio PR 90.07 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 207431 kWp Performance Ratio PR

14 1.0
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.66 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.901
0.9
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.17 kWh/kWp/day
12
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 7.53 kWh/kWp/day
0.8
[kWh/kWp/day]

10 0.7
Performance Ratio PR

0.6
8
Energy

0.5

6
0.4
Normalized

4 0.3

0.2
2
0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh
January 118.2 22.21 6.53 181.8 173.2 36975 36566 0.970
February 125.1 29.92 8.15 180.6 172.8 36520 36093 0.964
March 187.6 39.43 11.59 275.6 262.9 53484 51022 0.893
April 207.4 48.82 13.57 288.2 278.4 53988 50887 0.851
May 234.6 58.51 17.30 330.3 317.6 61950 61170 0.893
June 242.9 55.84 22.81 336.5 325.6 62169 61353 0.879
July 233.2 64.24 26.68 319.1 307.1 58819 58017 0.876
August 220.5 54.31 25.51 312.8 299.8 57952 57158 0.881
September 183.1 45.44 20.65 261.8 251.0 49538 48890 0.900
October 150.5 37.40 16.07 219.7 210.5 42900 41025 0.900
November 117.8 27.72 10.11 182.0 169.4 35877 35472 0.939
December 104.8 21.71 7.25 163.2 153.1 32809 32449 0.959
Year 2125.8 505.55 15.57 3051.4 2921.2 582981 570102 0.901

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T_Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio

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Grid-Connected System: Special graphs

Project : sim 100MW
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Unlimited trackers
PV Field Orientation tilt
PV modules Model LR5 72 545 M HBD Bifacial1Pnom 545 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 380608 Pnom total 207431 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-215KTL-H0 Pnom 200 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 875.0 Pnom total 175000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid) Cos(Phi) 0.800 leading

Daily Input/Output diagram

2500000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12

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Energy injected into grid [kWh/day]

1500000

1000000

500000

-500000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]

System Output Power Distribution

60000000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12
Energy injected into grid [kWh / Bin]

50000000

40000000

30000000

20000000

10000000

0
0 50000 100000 150000 200000
Power injected into grid [kW]

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Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : sim 100MW
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Unlimited trackers
PV Field Orientation tilt
PV modules Model LR5 72 545 M HBD Bifacial1Pnom 545 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 380608 Pnom total 207431 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-215KTL-H0 Pnom 200 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 875.0 Pnom total 175000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid) Cos(Phi) 0.800 leading

Loss diagram over the whole year

2126 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+43.5% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.02% Global incident below threshold

-3.97% Near Shadings: irradiance loss
-0.98% IAM factor on global
+0.68% Ground reflection on front side

Bi-facial
Global incident on ground
1338 kWh/m² on 3363146 m²

-76.00%
Ground reflection loss (albedo)

-82.52% View Factor for rear side

+19.59% Sky diffuse on the rear side

0.00% Beam effective on the rear side

-1.40% Shadings loss on rear side
7.83% Global Irradiance on rear side (229 kWh/m2)
2921 kWh/m² * 973711 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors
efficiency at STC = 21.31% PV conversion, Bifaciality factor = 0.75
641870 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)
-0.14% PV loss due to irradiance level
-5.64% PV loss due to temperature
+0.75% Module quality loss
-1.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.74% Mismatch for back irradiance
-1.38% Ohmic wiring loss
589966 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.23% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-1.20% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.00% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.00% Night consumption
575704 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.97% System unavailability

570102 MWh Active Energy injected into grid

427576 MVAR Reactive energy to the grid: Cos(Phi) = 0.800

712627 MVA Apparent energy to the grid

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Grid-Connected System: CO2 Balance

Project : sim 100MW
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Unlimited trackers
PV Field Orientation tilt
PV modules Model LR5 72 545 M HBD Bifacial1Pnom 545 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 380608 Pnom total 207431 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-215KTL-H0 Pnom 200 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 875.0 Pnom total 175000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid) Cos(Phi) 0.800 leading

Produced Emissions Total: 493949.05 tCO2

Source: Detailed calculation from table below
Replaced Emissions Total: 12451020.4 tCO2
System production: 570101.67 MWh/yr Lifetime: 30 years
Annual Degradation: 1.0 %
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 728 gCO2/kWh
Source: IEA List Country: Morocco
CO2 Emission Balance Total: 10309370.8 tCO2

System Lifecycle Emissions Details:

Item Modules Supports
LCE 1713 kgCO2/kWp 4.86 kgCO2/kg
Quantity 228871 kWp 20997300 kg
Subtotal [kgCO2] 391991203 101957849

Saved CO2 Emission vs. Time

12000000
10000000
[tCO2]

8000000
6000000
Balance

4000000
2000000
0
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Year

PVsyst Licensed to Masen (Maroc)