1.

a. ​𝜎𝑥̅ = 𝜎/√𝑛 = 12/√36 = 2. 0

b. 𝑚 = 𝑧∗𝜎𝑥̅ = 1. 96⋅2 = 3. 92
c. 554

2. z* = 2.054

3.
a. 𝜎𝑥̅ = 𝜎/√𝑛 = 16/√100 = 1. 6
b. Sample mean is 54. Confidence interval = (54-3.136, 54+3.136).
c. 4 times the observations.
d. You can reduce the CL you wish to attain. The higher the costs of a wrong
decision, the more confidence you want to have in your estimate.
4.
A. The independent variable has no influence on the dependent variable. The
hypothesis of an effect is an alternate hypothesis in which the independent
variable influences the dependent variable (e.g. temperature and how fast ice
melts).
B. Given that H0 is true, the likelihood that we discover the estimated value of the
test statistic or a more extreme result is high.
C. how much evidence against the null hypothesis is needed to reject it.
D. UNCLEAR
5.
a. H0: Men and women spend the same amount of hours per week participating in
sports. H1: The amount of hours males spend each week doing sports is NOT
the same as that of women.
6.A: p=0.1336
B: no
7.
Yes, EUC students spend more time than EUR students on their courses. We know this
because a significant difference can be seen, as the z value is larger than the critical
value.
8.
Type 1 errors - rejecting H0 when it is in fact true. (p=ɑ)
Type 2 errors - accepting H0 when H1 is correct. (p=β)
9.
A: probability of correctly rejecting H0.
B: 1-β (probability of making a type 2 error)
C: more observations, stronger manipulations of the population, more precise
measures.
10.
Unable to complete
11.
A: 4.303
B: 2.179
C:1.96
D:larger sample size = t-distribution reduces to standard normal distribution
12.
A: (47. 16, 55. 84)
B:H0= EUC students & EUR students spend the same amount of time on their
education
H1=EUC students & EUR students DO NOT spend the same amount of time on
their education
t=3.17
t*=3.250 so t is smaller than t*
Therefore the null hypothesis is not rejected.