Hierakonpolis, „City of the

Falcon“ (Nekhen)
(3200-3100 BC)

Umm El Qa'ab - necropolis Pyramid complex of the king Djoser at Saqqara, architect: Imhotep, 2630 BC
ABUSIR - royal necropolis of the 5th Dynasty, (pyramid of Sahure)
of the Early Dynastic kings
Thinis (Actual Location Unknown) at Abydos 11 dynasty - c
(before 2950 BC) the first capital of
Upper and Lower Egypt 1st-8th dynasties capital - Memphis (2950 BC - 2180 BC) (2135 BC - 198
3200 BC 2500 BC
3100 BC 2950 BC 2700 BC 2180 BC 2055 BC
1st Intermediate Period
Early Dynastic Period - Dynasties 0–2 Old Kingdom - Dynasties 3–6 (7th-11th Dynasties)

1st Dynasty between Powerfull Rulers of 3-6th

3200BC and 2900 BC dynasties
Rulers: Djoser (3rd) Herakleopolis
Narmer Snofru (4th) Magna: (2180
Hor-Aha (Menes) Khufu (4th)
Neithhotep
BC - 2060 BC)
Khafre (4th)
Djer - 9 and 10
Menkaure (4th)
Djet Sahure (5th) dynasties
Merneith Pepi I (6th)
Den Pepi II (6th)
Anedjib
Semerkhet
Qa'a
Snofru, Red Pyramid, 4th dynasty (Dahshur)

Great enclosure of king Khasekhemwy, 2nd

Snofru, Meidum Pyramid, 4th dynasty
Dynasty, Saqqara

Snofru, Bent Pyramid, (Dahshur) 4th dynasty 4th dynasty

 Kings Valley_18th dynasty - “Bent Axis” Kings Valley_19th dynasty - Jogged Axis Kings Valley_20th dynasty - “Straight Axis”
Pyramid of Amenemhat III (Dahshur) (c. 1860 - 1815 BCE) (first one is Tuthmose I)
The Black Pyramid, 12th dynasty
18-19 dynasty until Seti I
capital in Thebes 16-18 dynasties - Thebes: - Memphis: 21 dynasty -
85 BC) 12-13 dynasties - Itjtawy: (1985 BC - c.1700 BC) (c.1580 BC - c. 1353 BC) (c. 1332 BC - 1279 BC) (1078 BC - 9
2000 BC
1650 BC 1550 BC 1078 BC
2nd Intermediate Period
Middle Kingdom Architecture (12th-13th Dynasties) (2055-1650) (14th-17th Dynasties) 1773–1550
New Kingdom (18th-20th Dynasties) (1550-1078)

Powerfull Rulers of 18-20th

14-15 dynasties 19 dynasty from Ramesses II and 20 dynasty
dynasties
Avaris: (1715 BC - 1580 BC) capital Pi-Ramesses: (1279 BC - 1078 BC)
18th dynasty
Powerfull Rulers of 11-12th Thutmose I
dynasties Hatshepsut
Nebhepetre Mentuhotep (11) Thutmose III, IV
(united Up and Low Egt again) Amenhotep IV
Amenemmes I, II, III (12th) Queen Nefertiti
Tutankhamun
Horemheb

19th dynasty
Ramesses I, II
Seti I, II
Ramesseum (for Ramesses II) 19th dynasty,
20th dynasty Theban, 1300BC The Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III, Luxor,
Ramesses III, IV, V, etc 20th dynasty

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Der el-Bahri

The White Chapel of Senusret I, 12th dynasty

The Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, 19th

Dynasty (c. 1290–1224 BC)
 Temple of Isis on the island of Philae, 283 to 246 BCE

Powerfull Rulers of Ptole-

maic Period The Temple of Edfu (built between 237 and 57 BC)
Great temple of Sais, 24 and 26th dynastie_ 724-712 BC and 664-526 BC
Alexander the Great
Ptolemy I, II, III
- Tanis: Cleopatra
945 BC) Octavius Alexandria: (332 BC - 641 AD) - Greco-Roman period
1000 BC 500 BC 30 BC
715 BC 332 BC
Third Intermediate Period 21-25 dynasty (ca. 1078–715 BCE) Late Period (715–332 BCE) / 26th dynasty Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BCE)
Roman Province (30 BC–395 AD)
Byzantine Egypt (395–642 AD)
Egypt split once again:
-The high priests of Amun Islamic Egypt – 642 AD
in control of Thebes
-Libyan tribes ruled the
north

The temple of Serapeum

(246–222 BCE) Ptolemy III Euergetes
Library of Alexandria. (300 BC) Ptolemy I Soter

The Great Lighthouse (280–247 BC)

Ptolemy II Philadelphus
 Minoans were the first to use underground
clay pipes for water supply and sanitation,
flushing toilets, and sophisticated heating
system (hypocaust heating systems under
the floor). Some windows were fitted with
thin semi-transparent alabaster.

Minoan house

Minoan architecture was pretty similar to Ancient

Greek:
-wooden columns with capitals (different shape
though)
- centred on open spaces or courtyards surroun-
ded by colonnades
- they were going towards public building, rather
Tholos tomb (c. 2850-2450 BC): then Crete which was concetrated on domestic Tiryns (1400-1200 BC)
the first architectural achievement birthplace of Hercules
of Cretan civilisation Mycenaean
archaeological site
2600 BC 2000 BC 1550 BC 1600 BC 1250 BC 1100 BC
Mycenaeans - Creece _ 1600 BC to 1100 BC
Minoans - Crete _ 2600 BC - 1400 BC
1550 BC 1400 BC
Bronze Age
– palaces
– monumental tombs Mycenaeans adopted Mycenaean architecture is marked
– no temples Minoan palace system by its circular structures and tapered
domes with flat-bedded, cantile-
vered courses.
The most striking difference
between Minoans and Mycenaeans
are the formidable Mycenaean stone
fortifications
They were more about defencive
warrier cities.

Troy VI (1700-1200 BC)

 Palace at Larisa, Asia Minor c. 350 BC
Mycenaean tradition: megaron type
Temple of Zeus, Olympia, 460 BC
Temple of Hera 2, Samos, c. 650 BC
THE FIRST GREEK STOA
Greek settlement at Smyrna, 9th-8th centuries BC (columned hall, or colonnade, with a rear wall)
EXCEPTIONAL DARK AGE CITY: SMYRNA

Early Greek culture.

Homer writes epics Temple of Apollo at Corinth, 540 BC
the Iliod and the Temple of Athena Nike
Odysey at Athens, 427 BC
Athens become a Temple Of Zeus at Nemea, 330 BC
very powerful city
The first Olympic Temple of Poseidon at Istmia and controls an War between Athens
Games near Corinth, 690-650 BC Empire and
Iron Age 0ne of the eairliest know Sparta (Sparta wins) the death of
- no palaces Greek temples Democracy Alexander the Great
- simple tombs Residence of Macedonian kings,
776 BC 750 BC 700 BC 450 BC 431BC-404BC 400 BC Aigiai, c. 355 BC
1000 BC 900 BC - temples 323 BC
Hellenic period (from around 900 BC to 323 BC) architecture from 600 BC
Dark Ages of Greece Archaic Age 800 BC - 500 BC Classic Age 800 BC - 500 BC
1100 BC to 900 BC
ORIENTALISING GREECE 550 BC 500 BC 490 BC
GEOMETRIC GREECE (900-750 BC):
(750-650 BC)
440’s BC
-continuty in 650 BC
domestic Startimg to build temples for Gods -the same materials, as in Greeks defeat Greek theater thrines in Athens.
architecture Greek temples were not meant to be meeting places Bronze Age (wood, founda-
-revival of the for congregations. Ceremonies took place outdoors.
Persian invades at Many of the most famous greek
tions of undressed stone,
Megaron sun-dried bricks) the battle of plays are written.
-foundation of breaking of the isolation, Marathon
Toumbas cathing up with south-east-
ern neigbours

Aegosthena,
Temple of Hera at Olympia, 590 BC 4th century BC
THE PROPYLAEA
437-432 BC, Mnesicles,
entirely of marble
Toumba, 1000 BC
The Archaic Temple of Artemis
at Ephesus, 560 BC, lost 356

The Erechtheion in Athens,

421-405 BC

Temple of Hera 1b, After 400 BC fortifications

Mycenaean megaron, Samos 800-750 BC responded to innovations
Temple of Hephaestos The Parthenon in Athens, 447 BC - 432 BC in siege machines:
Eleusis: house and temple
(1200-700 BC) in Athens, 449 BC - 444 BC high towers, bossed masonry
 Hellenistic period:

The strength and limitation of Greek culture: concen-

tration on selected genres and themes
Greek sculptors concentrated on naked human figure,
the evolution ended in the 4th century BC
Greek architects concentrated on peripteral temple,
the evolution ended before 400 BC
Afterwards the design of temples was becoming
Heracleia by Latmos, city gate, 3rd century BC standardised. Vitruvius (c. 80–15 BC) has recorded a
the first Greek arches architectural vocabulary and syntax compiled in the
course of preceding centuries.

After 400 BC fortifications responded to innovations in

siege machines: high towers, bossed masonry.
Theatre of Priene: the auditorium c. 300 BC,
stage building c. 200 BC In Greece the development of masonry was not
6500 spectators (the whole city) accompanied by structural progress. The Greeks never
built a dome larger than the span of a small room.
Bouleuterion (600-700 people),
c. 200 BC Hellenistic culture: cosmopolitanism - Expansion of
Greek world during the rule of Alexander the Great

Hellenistic culture: self-glorification

0 AD 30 AD Kos, sanctuary of Asclepius, early 3rd century BC New architectural type: palace
Hellenistic period (323 BC to 30 AD). Mycenaean tradition: megaron type
One of the first integrated architectonic complexes
using perspective effects Priene: ideal Pythagorean city
Building of Greek temple was a repetition and meta-
Vitruvius phor of the creation of the world.
(c. 80–15 BC) At the beginning the contours were delineated:

Theatre and Architecture

-The evolution of Greek dramatic literature begun and
ended in the 5th century BC, but the oldest stone
theatres are from the 4th century
-The evolution of Greek dramatic literature begun and
ended in the 5th century BC, but the oldest stone
theatres are from the 4th century
-In Hellenistic times a raised stage (proscenium) was
added along the facade of the scene building (Athens,
Stoa of Attalos II, Agora, Athens,
292 BC).
159 -138 BC (2 floors, 21 rooms)
Temple of Mars Ultor, Forum of Augustus, Rome. 42 BCE -The innovation brought the actors more clearly into
Emperor Augustus set Hellenistic theatricality as a norm view (New Comedy, c. 300 BC, with its portrayal of
in Roman architecture: individual character)
building dominates clearly defined space on a definite axis
Emperor Augustus set Hellenistic theatricality as a
norm in Roman architecture:
building dominates clearly defined space on a definite
Fortification tower, axis
Andros,
3rd-2nd century BC

Priene: ideal Pythagorean city

 Temple of Hercules, Cori, c. 100 BC,(concrete),
Doric, columns with bases, doors is a combination of
Doric and Ionic,

Temple of Fortuna Primigenia, 2nd century BC

ROME AS „SECOND EGYPT“ The first triumphal arch
The first voussoir in Etruria: Quintus Fabius Maximus,
city gate with lions‘ heads, Volterra, 4th century BC 56 BC
(Voussoir = one of the wedgeshaped pieces forming an arch or vault arches)

Aemilian Basilica, built by

the censor Aemilius Lepidus
Etruscian Necropolis in Orvieto (600-550 BC), in 179 BC The first of the Roman aqueduct
in the form of a rectangular street plan Great theatre, Pompeii,
Augustus tomb was built
bridges was the Aqua Marcia The oldest surviving bath: Titus (80 AD), Rome
3rd century BC (first stone theater) in time he started his
Rome was founded 144 BC. Fire in Rome
principate (32-28 BC).
500 BC 400 BC 300 BC 200 BC 100 BC 0 AD 64 AD 100 AD
753 BC 600 BC
Roman Republic (end of 6th century – 27 BC) Imperial Rome (27 BC – 313 AD)
Etruscan architecture 700BC -200 BC
Punic wars
(264-146 BC) The first stone theatre
Roman state adopts in Rome:
Greek literature, theatre, Pompeius, 55 BC
art and architecture

The first basilicas in Rome:

„Tomba dei capitelli,“ Orvieto,
6th/5th century BC (Aeolic capitals used by
Etruscan till 1st century BC)
Etruscan tombs
Basilica Porcia (184 BC),
BasilicaAemilia (179 BC),
Temple at Veii, c. 500 BC Basilica Sempronia (170 BC)
Colosseum, 70-80 AD
Etruscan temple
The first marble temple in Rome: Jupiter Stator
146 BC, by Greek architect Curia Iulia, Forum Romanum,
Hermodorus of Salamis
comissioned by Q. Caecilius Metellus, construction was initiated by
conqueror of Macedonia after his triumph
Julius Caesar in 44 BC,
Pont du Gard, c. 50 AD

The earliest surviving marble

Temple of Jupiter, Capitol, Rome, building in Rome: Temple of The oldest surviving basilica: Theatrum Marcelli, begun by Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii,
Cloaca Maxima, Rome, c. 600 BC:
one of the world's earliest sewage systems.
Founded by Etruscan king Tarquinius Priscus, c. Hercules Victor, Forum Boiarium, Pompeii, second half of Caesar, opened by Augustus before 79 AD: Roman villa
It drained the Forum, at that time a 575 BC, completed by Lucius Tarquinius late 2nd century BC, the 2nd century BC, 12 BC = dream about Greece
swampy valley. In the second century BC,
the canal was covered Superbus, c. 509 side open to the forum
 Boukoleion palace, 829-842 AD
The Baths of Caracalla (212-216 AD)

Rotunda of the Holy Sepulchre, Trani, 1230-1233

Temple of Minerva Medica), Rome,
Jerusalem, 333 AD
3rd-4th century

Aachen, Germany, architect

Odo of Metz, 90ties of the
8th century

České Budějovice, 1265

University of Constantinople: Magnaura
Hadrian‘s (118-138 AD) villa at Tivoli (Magna Aula) 864 AD
The arch of Constantine, Rome, 315-316 St. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, 534-542 914 AD 1024 AD
752 AD 800 AD 900 AD Middle Ages (500 AD to 1100 or 1200 or 1500)
1250 AD
200 AD 313 AD 330 AD 400 AD 476 AD The Merovingian dynasty 500 AD-752 AD Carolingian g architecture Ottonian Renaissance Hohenstaufen renaissance
Byzantine architecture - Christian Rome and Constantinople
s (313-1056
1 AD) 1138 AD - 1270 AD

western part of the 500 AD 600 AD 700 AD Iconoclasm Macedonian dynasty (867-1056):
western part of the (726-843 AD)
Roman empire collapsed Roman empire collapsed Emperor Leo III imposed
1000 AD 1056 AD
a ban on religious images

Church of the Holy Apostols Nea (New church), Constantinopole

400 AD between 876 - 880 AD, first church
Ravenna in Justinian‘s time:
Basilica of Maxentius, Forum Romanum St. Apollinare in Classe, 534-542 to be built after Hiaga Sophia
Construction began under the emperor S. Marco bassilica,
Pantheon (to every god) Rome, Venice, 1117
Maxentius in 307, and was completed Haghia Eirene,
after 126 AD the world's largest
in 320 AD by Constantine Constantinople,
unreinforced concrete dome
interior after 740
Renaissance of the 12th Century“
(c.1070-c.1150)
-Large scale revival of monumental
architecture
Haghia Sophia, 532-537, Constantinopole, -renewal of Christian church by a revival
architect - Isidore of Miletus of ancient splendour
-Revival of mosaic decoration
-Arches were replaced by more „classi-
cal“ straight entablature
St. Peter‘s basilica by Constantine, „Triumphal arch“ of the Imperial Abbey -Revival of Roman Empire in rome
321 or 322 AD, first built basilica abbey at Lorch, Germany, of Corvey, 815, (architecture wise)
Ostia, on Tiber, the main port of Rome. 100-400 AD c. 800 Saxony -Second Rome in Germany and Italy
 *LIST OF REIGN* not important- but a good timeline
of rulers
6th 9th 10th Bořivoj I (c.870–889)
Spytihněv I (895–915)
11th
Vratislaus I (915–921)
Saint Wenceslaus (Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia)
(921–935)
Boleslaus I the Cruel (935–972)
Boleslaus II the Pious (972–999)
Boleslaus III the Red-haired (999–1002)
Vladivoj (1002–1003)
Boleslaus IV (1003–1004)
Jaromír (1004–1012)
Great Moravian fortified settlements, Ulrich (1012–1033)
like Mikulčice, Staré Město and Jaromír (1033–1034)
Pohansko, already had certain basic Ulrich (1034)
Mikulčice – Bretislaus I (1035–1055)
urban elements and there is evidence Říp mountain: the Christian
reconstruction Spytihněv II (1055–1061)
of Vratislaus II (1061–1092), king (1085–1092) as Vratislav I. shrine later built on the summit
of a basilica, 9th Conrad I of Brno (1092)
deliberate urban planning in the was clearly meant to cover
century Bretislaus II (1092–1100)
disposition of buildings. Shrines Bořivoj II (1101–1107) the site of a former pagan cult.
(churches) were, in most cases, built Svatopluk (1107–1109) Romanesque Rotunda of St
before arrival of Cyril and Methodius Vladislaus I (1109–1117) George, 11th century, restored in
Bořivoj II (1117–1120)
but later altered and improved. They Vladislaus I (1120–1125) 1126 rotunda Central Bohemia, Prague-Vyšehrad,
were constructed of rough quarry Sobeslaus I (1125–1140) St Martin’s rotunda
stones joined by quality lime mortar, Vladislaus II (1140–1172), king (1158–1172) as Vladislaus I 11th and 19th c. It is the
Frederick (1172–1173)
and plastered outside and inside. They Sobeslaus II (1173–1178) only monument from
had wall paintings and even coloured Frederick (1178–1189) the time of Vratislaus
glass windows, cast mortar floors Conrad II Otto (1189–1191)
still standing today. The
Wenceslaus II (1191–1192)
inlaid with coloured pebbles, and fired Ottokar I (1192–1193) rotunda was designated for
ceiling covering. Henry Bretislaus (1193–1197) the clergymen subjected
Vladislaus Henry (1197)
to Vyšehrad. This type
Reconstruction of Levý Hradec, rotunda of St. Ottokar I (1197–1198)
of a church (a cylindrical
Stone sacral architecture
compound of the Clement nave with an apse) was
appeared already before
Church Saint Mary Prague Castle, St typical for churches that
the arrival of Cyril,
at Sady by Uherské George basilica Convent served for large parishes.
Methodius and their
Hradiště with of the benedictine ROMANESQUE, ANTONIN
mission. Rotunda, basilica
extentions (Luděk nuns. Founded in 973, BAUM
or small rectangular
Galuška, Radek Míka). reconstruction after
church with the west
According to one 1142. Former necropolis
tower/tribune were the
tradition, in the Middle of the Premyslid family
most common types of
Ages (9th - beginning and the place of the cult
sacred buildings, clearly
10th century) it was of Saint Ludmila
influenced by the Istrian/ Prague Castle, church of
Prague Castle, St Vitus
the capital of the Slavic rotunda in 10th-11th c.
Dalmatian and Croatian Virgin Mary
state of Great Moravia.
christian architecture
Romanesque Architecture 6th? to the 11th - 12th? century -- 11th - 14th century
+/- 600 Slavics 830 Moravians 840 Moravians 863 big christian 870 Moravia rules! 883 Přemyslid 884 - Begining of 902 - 907 Fall of 915 - 921 921 925 929 993
discovers Czech comes brings Missionaries influence dynasty Prague Castle Moravia
Svatopluk Vratislaus became Wenceslas I Consecrated founded (by
This is when the Moravia then came Mojmir and his Byzantine influence becomes ruler from Bořivoj I, the The Church of the Separatism and duke at a time was the duke of under the Duke Founded after 929 tradition) in 993
succesor Rasitislav first historically Virgin Mary was Bohemia from by Duke Wenceslas
Slavics around in the picture in intesifies in Moravia 870-894 AD - and internal conflicts when the Bohemian
921 until his Wenceslas in 925 by duke Boleslav
the year 600, the early 830s (c820 - 846–870 after the arrival that is when Great documented the first known emerging after lands around built in (973),when following a defeat
assassination in II and bishop St
came and saw under Mojmir (c AD) where at of Missionaries. Moravia reaches Přemyslid duke, church built in the Svatopluk's death Prague Castle had the remains of by King Henry I
935. Adalbert/Vojtěch
the Rip mountains 820s/830s–846 first ok with the They spread the its largest territorial founder of the current area of the (894) contributed to already distanced his grandmother of East Francia.
mountain and they AD), the first known Carolingian faith not in Latin extent. He controlled Czech state, Prague Castle. The the fall of Moravia themselves from Ludmila (murdered Wenceslas had a
where like yeah “we Moravian ruler monarchy at that but in a language neighboring regions baptised with his structure was built which was overrun the political and four years earlier) new church built
be staying here” time - but then comprehensible as well - Bohemia, wife Ludmila in by Prince Borivoj I by the Hungarians. cultural sphere of were interred there “on the model of a
and they settled wanted their to the common Hungary and Poland Great Moravia after 884, making it The exact date of Great Moravia and Roman church (as)
here - mythic independence people. Brothers by archbishop not only the oldest Moravia's collapse fallen under the round, dedicated to
beginning of the - which led to a Methodius and Methodius around church in Prague is unknown, but influence of East St. Vitus”
Czech nation. bunch of battles Constantine (Cyril), 883 AD Castle but also the it occurred in the Francia, especially
with East Francia originators of second oldest in period between 902 during the rule
in the 840s. the Old Slavonic Bohemia and 907 AD. of Duke Arnulf of Complex of the
(Glagolitic) script. Bavaria. Břevnov monastery
today (Prague 6)
Rastislav strategy
was to ask
the Byzantine
Emperor Michael meanwhile in Bohemia.... In the Czech lands, the Přemyslid dynasty ruled
III to send Christian Bořivoj I c. 852 – c. 889) was the country. Great Moravian architecture provided
missionaries (Cyril the first historically documented the model for the first Christian shrines built after
and Methodius) Duke of Bohemia and progenitor the baptism of the Přemyslid prince Bořivoj by
from the East to of the Přemyslid dynasty. His Archbishop Methodius, some time around 883 AD. Traces of original
Moravia. reign over the Duchy of Bohemia This is evident in the design of the Rotunda of St monastery preserved
is believed to have started about Clement in Levý Hradec and in the oldest church under the floor of the
meanwhile in the Carolingian Empire.... the year 870, but in this era built at the Prague Castle – the small rectangular Baroque church
768 - 774 - 800 Bohemia was subordinated to church of the Virgin Mary. Bořivoj chose Prague
Charlemagne or Charles the Great (2 Great Moravia. Castle as his main seat. Tradition of contacts with
April 742 - 28 January 814), numbered Great Moravian culture gradually faded, replaced by
Charles I, was King of the Franks from The duke or (more probably) influences from Ottonian Saxony (west).
768, King of the Lombards from 774, his son Spytihněv moved his
and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. residence to the Hradčany The Přemyslid dynasty* 11th century
He united much of western and central mountain and laid the or House of Přemyslid was a Czech royal dynasty
Europe during the early Middle Ages. He Benedictine order/
foundations for Prague which reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Prague, St Vitus basilica (C): St Wenceslas
was the first recognized emperor to rule Břevnov Monastery
Castle!!!! Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia rotunda (A) with the tomb of the saint
from western Europe since the fall of the Prague, eastern vault,
(9th century–1306), as well as in parts of Poland patrons of the Bohemian lands (St
Western Roman Empire three centuries prior to 1045
(including Silesia), Hungary, and Austria. Wenceslas and since 1039 also St
earlier. The expanded Frankish state Adalbert/Vojtěch)
that Charlemagne founded is called the
Carolingian Empire.
 12th 13th

PRAGUE CASTLE IN LATE

Palace of the Premyslid dukes with
the Palace chapel at the Prague
Castle, 12th c. --
PRAGUE CASTLE IN 1000
The Přemyslid dynasty or House
of Přemyslid was a Czech royal
Western castle courtyard with the church of
dynasty which reigned in the Duchy
the Virgin Mary, the castle grounds with the of Bohemia and later Kingdom
bishop’s palace, the Rotunda of St. Vitus, the of Bohemia and Margraviate of
ducal palace, and the Basilica and Convent of Moravia (9th century–1306), as
St. George well as in parts of Poland (including
Silesia), Hungary, and Austria.
11OOs (end of 12th c.)
Prague, Old Town Rotunda of the Reconstruction of the Prague
Holy Cross the Lesser, 1st half of the Castle in the end of 12th
12th century. - This rotunda have 11th and 12th century century
been built as a private church at
the Romanesque noble court in the Znojmo – south Moravia
Prague Old Town. rotunda – palace church
of Ste Catherine
11th and 12th century
Moravia in the 12th century –
there were main castles/seats of
the Moravian apanage (i.e.
Záboří, St Prokop church, central
dependent and seondary)
Bohemia, 12th and 17th c.
Přemyslid princes in Olomouc,
Znojmo and Brno. The
St Agnes convent
monumental paintings in the
St Salvator church and
Rotunda of St Catherine in
the private residence of St St Franciscus
Znojmo – originally a castle
Agnes with oratory. GOTHIC church, choir
chapel – testify to the important
position of this place. The murals
Prague, Ste Agnes convent, Agnes’s palace,
depict the scenes from the legend
foundation of Ste Agnes and later Virgin Mary
of the ascent of Přemysl Oráč (the
king Venceslas I, her brother, church
Ploughman) to the Bohemian
1233 St Franciscus church, North wall:
ducal throne, as described by the
Virgin Mary chapel Cloister, sepulcrum niche
chronicler Cosmas, and the
St Salvator/Saviour church of St Agnes
sequence of Přemyslid princes.

Gothic Architecture

END OF 11TH 1140 - 1172 1140 Premonstratensions at Strahov 1283

Markets, settlements of buyers An exceptional chapter in the history of
and tradesmen, magnates’ Romanesque architecture in the Czech
manors with small churches Lands is the reign of Vladislav II (born c.
and the first monasteries were 1110, ruled 1140–72). He had at his side two
developing on the connecting strong educated bishops, Daniel of Prague
line between Vyšehrad and the and Jindřich Zdík of Moravia, who were
Prague Castle and on the also skilful diplomats. Apparently thanks
junctions of roads leading to to their efforts the Bohemian state actively
the river crossing. participated in the battles between the
The city evolved as a Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and
multinational centre: Na Porici the Pope. For assistance in conquering Milan
was once a settlement of in 1158 the Czech prince received royal status
German merchants, and the from the Emperor.
oldest reference to a Jewish
settlement comes from the end
of the 11th century.
Vyšehrad
The Přemyslid sea was built on the
steep rock above the Vltava River
as the opposite seat of the Prague
Castle, which, however, exceeded
Vyšehrad in its significance. A hill fort
existed here already in the 2nd third
of the 10th century but the zenith
of Vyšehrad was during the time of
Duke and the first King of Bohemia,
Vratislaus II (Vratislav II) (1061–1096),
who was building it up as his main
residence. The Přemyslid princes did
not reside here until the beginning of
the 1140s.
The most important new foundation Wenceslaus II
was the canonry of Premonstratensions Přemyslid was King
endowed by Prince Vladislav II, his of Bohemia (wiki
first wife Gertrude and bishop Zdík of 1278–1305), Duke of
Olomouc in 1143 at Strahov. The site was Cracow (1291–1305),
named the Hill of Sion, Zdík evidently and King of Poland
taking as model the monastery on the (1300–1305).
Hill of Sion that he had seen during a trip
to Jerusalem. The fortified monastery
became a defensive promontory of the
Prague Castle and important strategic
point on the main route from the west
as it turned south towards the bridge. Its
importance for its founders is confirmed
by the fact that they chose it as their
burial place, as did other members
of the princely house and leading
During the 2nd half of the 12th century Prague
magnates.
experienced unusual bloom. The presence of the
king, his court, bishops and magnates stimulated the
development of Prague’s agglomeration, which cannot
be spoken of as a real city yet at that time. The king and
both of his wives – Gertrude and Judith – supported Stone Bell house in
the development of art and trade with their the old town square.
numerous foundations: Prague. Built in 13th
century and housed
-Prague Castle – stone palace and massive walls
the Royal family after
- St Georges basilica and convent – reconstruction after
Charles IV came to
fire
prague and the castle
- Judith (stone) bridge
had to be renovated.
- Canonry of Premonstratensions at Strahov
GOTHIC
Prague, Romanesque - Judith bridge (after 1162) - Commenda of the Knights Hospitaller of St John
and Gothic – Charles bridge (after 1357) (or Johanites) in the Lesser Town
Prague around 1850: since Cheb castle, imperial palace
The increasing significance of the settlement on - Episcopal palace and chapter house at the Cathedral
9th c. town developed chapel, built at the end of
the right side of the river, which provided an of St Wenceslas in Olomouc
between two castles: 12th c. by the Emperor
economic base for the Prague Castle, accelerated - Cistercian monasteries in Sedlec and Plasy
Vyšehrad (righ) and Hradčany/ Fridrich Barbarossa. Cheb
Prague castle (left) and on the the construction of the stone bridge that Region, settled by Slavonic
both border of the river Vltava replaced the originally wooden bridge. The bridge trips, became since 1176
(the main axe and the most that was named after Vladislaus’ wife Judith a part of the Holy Roman
easy way for the trafic) was the first of its kind in Bohemia. Empire ROMANESQUE
 14th
Golden gate, southern entrance of St.
Vitus cathedral. Mosaic representing last
judgement. Prague, Saint-Guy / St Vitus,
choir 1344-1385 SUPER GOTHIC
11th c.
Mathias/Mathieu of Arras
According to the inscription above his
bust, the first “magister operis” of the
Prague Cathedral Guild, Mathias of Arras,
came to Prague from the papal Avignon
in 1342. His work in Prague confirms his
perfect knowledge of the Late Rayonnant
style that was developed in the lodges
of southern France. By request of the
builders he was supposed to build a
cathedral in Prague that would embody
(not with monumentality but with its
refined style) the “synthesis” of the French
cathedral tradition. radial chapels and the
inner choir, project of the cathedral
built (1344-1352)
Prague, Old Town, Town Hall, chapel,
Peter Parler, workshop built in
1360–1380
Peter Parler (1333 – 13 July 1399)
architect and sculptor - Peter Parler
was a German-Bohemian architect and
sculptor from the Parler family of master
builders. Along with his father, Heinrich
Parler, he is one of the most prominent
Prague plan after the
and influential craftsmen of the Middle
foundation of the New Town
Ages. Born and apprenticed in the town
14th c. in 1348
of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Peter worked at
several important late Medieval building
sites, including Strasbourg, Cologne, and
Nuremberg. After 1356 he lived in Prague,
capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and
seat of the Holy Roman Empire, where he
created his most famous works: St. Vitus
Cathedral and the Charles Bridge.
The reticulated vault or net-vault was
his innovation it can be found in Eastern
tower(old town side) of the charles
bridge. Originally built for the Judith
bridge.
AND St. Vitus cathedral, ceiling of choir
15th
St Vitus Cathedral – last phase before the Hussite Wars (1420–1437) under Peter Parler‘s sons:
1. Václav/Wenceslas (since 1397, 1398 he left Prague for Vienna – south tower of Stephansdom
2. Jan/John: master mason since 1398–1406, responsible for the construction of the South
tower
and the “west end” of the cathedral
3. Peter of Prachatice – probably not from the Parler family, but educated in the Prague
workshop: responsible for the completion of the south façade (without window tracery) and the
west choir (destroyed by the fire in 1541). In the same time, he is master mason of Vienna
workshop! In Prague, Janek, the youngest son of Peter Parler, works with him. Later Janek
became master mason in Slovenia and Croatia
Style around 1400: so called Beautiful Style
The Beautiful Style in architecture was based on the perfect knowledge of the previous
experience of the parlerian workshop:
• play with the different plans and levels
• sophisticated illusionism
• semblance of the lability (contraposition of the regular design of vaults and irregular ground
plan)
• simplicity in the formal expression and rejection of the exaggerated decoration
Heritage of the Prague parlerian workhsop after 1420:
workshops in Vienna, Ulm, Passau, Landshut, Strasbourg, Frankfurt, Meissen, Regensburg..
Parler’s The
reticulated or
net-vault in the
choir
Peter Parler’s
innovation
neutralizes the
Schedel’s chronique around 1490, Prague
division in individual
New town
cells and creates an (Charles bridge, Emaus monastery, Zderaz
St Vitus Cathedral, Royal church)
“unending” spatial
oratory of Vladislav Jagiellon
pattern 1490–1495,exampleof
“Astwerk” (decoration with the
motif of branches) in Prague -
Hans Spiess + Benedict Ried

(930) 1344 1347 1348 1356 1365

The Metropolitan Cathedral Charles IV, King of Bohemia and Roman Prague, New Town In 1356, twenty-three year old Peter Parler (c 1330–1399) Karlstein, St Cross
of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus Emperor founded by Charles IV took over the position of the master of the St. Vitus masons’ Chapel consecrated
and Adalbert is a Roman (1316-1378) lodge. He was the son of the builder Heinrich from image above
Catholic metropolitan cathedral • 1346 elected Roman king Cologne, the master of the lodge at the Holy Cross parish
in Prague, the seat of the • 1347 King of Bohemia (coronation) church in Gmünd, and he led the Prague lodge for over 40 Karlštejn Castle is a
Archbishop of Prague. Until • 1348 foundation of the Prague university, years. Over that time it became the most significant center large Gothic castle
1997, the cathedral was New Town of Prague, of cathedral work in Central Europe. His work was based founded 1348 CE
dedicated only to Saint Vitus, Karlstein castle, on the tradition of the north France cathedrals (Amiens- by Charles IV, Holy
and is still commonly named • 1355 crowned Roman Emperor in Rome >Cologne) and Cistercian tradition (Y shapes or tri-radials Roman Emperor-elect
only as St. Vitus Cathedral. • 1364 his son Wenceslas (IV) crowned vaults, reduced buttress system), but also on English vaults and King of Bohemia.
King of Bohemia examples (rib vaults without web like effect, pendant vaults,
This cathedral is a prominent • 1368 second trip to Rome stellar vaults used in circular or polygonal chapter houses).
example of Gothic • 1378 died in Prague Peter’s innovative style of architectonic thinking was formed
architecture and is the largest in Prague thanks to the unusually complicated tasks
and most important church defined by the builders and the consideration of the plans
in the country. Located within of the previous master Mathias. He laid the foundation for
Prague Castle and containing the Late Gothic development of the construction of
the tombs of many Bohemian vaults, tracery schemes and architectonic sculptures.
kings and Holy Roman
Emperors, the cathedral is
under the ownership of the
Czech government as part of
the Prague Castle complex.
Parlerian workshop in the town:
Charles bridge tower as a part of the coronation
way (from the Prague Castle to Vysehrad castle
and back, in the frame of the Order of coronation
of the Bohemian kings, concepted by Charles IV
in 1344-1346

The decisive factor in the building of a new Gothic cathedral, Peter Parler’s Wien South tower
which was supposed to replace the existing St Vitus Basilica, elevation of the c.1400–1440
was the donation from the king John of Luxemburg to the choir: arcade- lot of similarities to
Saint Vitus Chapter on 23 October 1341 for the production of triforium-clerestory st vitus - parlers
new tombstones of SS Wenceslas and Adalbert and for the St Vitus’s cathedral, inner/lower and workshop
construction of a new choir and of the entire church. The actual ground plan exterior/higher Prague and Wien
foundation did not take place until 21 November 1344, after triforium southern towers –
the consent of Pope Clement VI to elevate the Prague bishopric black – Mathias similar use of the
to archbishopric. grey – Peter architectural sculpture
white – 19th century – decorative corbels
placed in the corners
 Renaissance by Michelangelo

De re aedificatoria (On the

Art of Building)
(10 books on architecture)
Medici Family (1443-1452)
(1230-first mentionings by Alberti
1397- Medici bank in
Florence -first printed book on Vitruvian Man The Pieta David Mona Lisa
architecture (1490) (1498-1499) (1501-1504) (1503-1506)
-Italian banking family, by Leonardo
political dynasty
-Medici bank was
largest in Europe
during 15th century

The Basilica di San Dome on the Florence
Lorenzo, Florence cathedral
(1419-1470) (1420-1436)
by Brunelleschi by Brunelleschi
for Medici family
FIRST RENAISSANCE
(Interior decorations by BUILDING
Donatello, Library by
Michelangelo) (Florence's cathedral,
designed by Arnolfo di
Cambio)
The Basilica di Santo
Spirito
(1428-1487)
Brunelleschi designed
and started construc-
tion, but he died
(Iasossiated with early
HUMANISM in Florence
-took Roman principles
The Palazzo Medici, Villa Medici in Fiesole Basilica of Santa Maria Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Tempietto (in San Pietro Loudvik Wing(Lou- Villa Farnesina, Rome
Florence (1451-1457) Novella Mantua in Montorio) is Palace) in Prague (1506-1510)
(1444-1484) by Michelozzi (1470) (1472-1790) (1502) Castle by Peruzzi
by Michelozzi for Medici family by Alberti by Alberti by Bramante (1503-1509)
for Medici family by Benedikt Rejt -Renaissance villa
-Catholic co-cathedral -his first work in Milano -considered to be -regular monumental
-known for stone and minor basilica -begginging of High the first Renais- cube of 2 stories
masonry, rustication, -relation between Rennaisance in Milan sance building in -orders of pillasters
ashlar facade and interior Bohemia -unusual for its
space frescoed walls
but it looks distinctly
Florentine

Early Renaissance 1400-1500 (Brunelleschi (churches), Alberti (facades)) High Renaissance 1500-1525 (Bramante (Tempietto), Palazzo Farnese))

Filippo Brunelleschi Leon Battista Alberti

(1377-1446) (1402-1472) Donato Bramante Benedikt Rejt Leonardo di ser Piero Sebastiano Serlio Michelangelo di Baldassare Tommaso Raffaello Sanzio da Antonio da Sangallo
-architect, engineer, -humanist author, (1444 – 1514) (1450-1536) da Vinci (1475-1554) Lodovico Buonarroti Peruzzi Urbino the Younger
planner, construction artist, architect, poet, -introduced Renais- - Bohemian (1452-1519) -Italian Mannerist Simoni (1481-1536) (1483-1520) (1484-1546)
supervisor priest, linguist, sance to Milan and architect -Italian polymath architect (1475-1564) -Italian architect -Italian painter, -Italian architect
-founder father of philosopher (Renais- High Renaissance to -leading medieval -Renaissance Man -Serlio helped -Italian sculptor, active and painter, architect active in Rome
Rrnaissance sance Man) Rome architect in canonize the classical painter, architect,- born near Siena
Bohemia, Late orders of architecture poest of the High -bridge between High
Michelozzo Michelozzi
Gothic and Early in his influential Renaissance Rennaisance and
(1396-1472)
Renaissance style treatise variously -Renaissance Man Mannerism
-architect, sculptor
known as "Seven -”the devine one” -worked with
- under patronage of
Books of Architecture" -his sighly personal Bramante, Raphael,
Medici Family
style resulted in Sangallo
Mannerism

In the Quattrocento,
concepts of archi- A polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant
number of different subject areas—such a person is known to
tectural order were
draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific
explored and rules HIGH RENAISSANCE
problems.
were formulated. In the late 15th century and early 16th century, architects such as Bramante,
"Renaissance man" was first recorded in written English in the Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and others showed a mastery of the revived
The study of early 20th century.[8] It is now used to refer to great thinkers
classical antiquity living before, during, or after the Renaissance. Leonardo da
style and ability to apply it to buildings such as churches and city palazzo
led in particular to Vinci has often been described as the archetype of the which were quite different from the structures of ancient times. The style
the adoption of Renaissance man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and became more decorated and ornamental, statuary, domes and cupolas
Classical detail and "feverishly inventive imagination" becoming very evident. The architectural period is known as the "High Renais-
ornamentation sance" and coincides with the age of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.
 by Michelangelo
Lives of the Most I quattro libri
Excellent Painters, dell'architettura
Sculptors, and (The Four Books of
Architects Architecture)

(1550) (1570)
by Vasari by Palladio

The Last Judgment

Sistine Chapel Sistine Madonna
fresco in Sistine Chapel
ceiling (1512)
(1536-1541)
(1508-1512) by Raphael
by Michelangelo

The Papal Basilica of St. Peter Portal of St. Palazzo Farnese Laurentian Library Palazzo Massimo alle Royal Summer Palace (also Star summer house Facade of the Prague
in the Vatican George's Church (1515- 1550?) (1525-1571) Colonne, Rome known as Belvedere) (1555-1558) Castle Ball
(1506-1590) (1510) by Sangallo, Michelangelo,... by Michelangelo (continued (1532-1536) (1538-63) (1567-1569)
by Bramante, Michelangelo, Prague Castle by Vasari, Tribolo, Ammanna- by Peruzzi in the Royal Garden of by Bonifác Wohlmuth Church of St. Roch
Sanagllo, Peruzzi, Bernini -for Farnese family ti but according to plans -unusual curve of the Prague Castle and Oldřich Aostalis (Hradčany)
-largest church in the world from Michelangelo building due to the -high Renaissance (1602-1611)
-most renowed work of curve of the street -During the reign of by Giovanni Maria
Renaissance -Midici family Josef II it was used as a Filippi
-rly importan for Christianity -example of Mannerism military storage facility. -Renaissance
-Greek cross in plan
"the greatest creation of the
Renaissance"

Late Renaissance 1525-1600 (Palladio (villas)

Giovanni Maria Filippi
Giorgio Vasari El Greco (1565-1635)
Andrea Palladio Bonifác Wolmut
(1511-1574) (1541-1614) -Italian architect
(1508-1580) (1510-1579)
-Italian architect -Greek painter, writer,
-Italian architect -German Gothic-
painter, writer, -Painting, sculpture historian
active in Venice Renaissance architect
historian and architecture -considered the
-influenced by -build a lot in Vienna
-considered the -Mannerism ideological founda-
Vitruvius and Prague Castle
ideological founda- tion of art-historical
-"the most influential
tion of art-historical writting
architect of the whole
Renaissance" writting
-HUMANISM
-applied elements
LATE RENAISSANCE,
(like triumphal arc”)
on a smaller sscale The Late Renaissance featured a general
like windows.. relaxation of the severe simplicity and
order of the High Renaissance.

MANNERISM
The most radical strain of Late Renaissance
art was mannerism: the deliberate pursuit
of novelty and complexity, often to the
point of bizarreness. In mannerist painting
and sculpture, human anatomy is strangely
elongated, and figures are placed in
complex, unnatural postures. In mannerist
architecture, classical forms are skewed,
exaggerated, and misplaced, and classical
balance and harmony are sometimes
distorted.13 By upsetting conventions and
exploring new artistic possibilities,
mannerism became an influential force,
even for artists who chose to retain a more
purely classical style.
 Baroque
Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman
vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the
triumph of the Catholic Church. It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow, and dramatic
intensity. Common features of Baroque architecture included gigantism of proportions; a large open central space
where everyone could see the altar; twisting columns, theatrical effects, including light coming from a cupola
above; dramatic interior effects created with bronze and gilding; clusters of sculpted angels and other figures high
overhead; and an extensive use of trompe-l'oeil, also called "quadratura," with painted architectural details and
figures on the walls and ceiling, to increase the dramatic and theatrical effect

St Peter's Basilica
(1566-1571), Vatican Italian chapel consecrated to The Church of Our Lady
facade of Saint Peter's Basilica the Assumption of the Virgin Victorious
Carlo Maderno Mary (1611-1613 late renaissance)
The Church of Saint (1590-1600) 1620 baroque facade The Matthias Gate at the
The Church of the Gesù Baroque Susanna Prague Castle
- Constructed under various architects (1742-1758- Baroque look) -by Giovanni Maria Filippi
(1507-1580) (1585-1603) -Prague -Prague (1614)
Rome throughout the sixteenth and seven- Rome -Prague
teenth centuries, Saint Peter's features - one of transitional buildings
by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola by Carlo Maderno between Mannerist and Early -Giovanni Maria Filippi
Giacomo della Porta a mixture of Renaissance and Baroque - probably the first
components, the facade being one of Baroque
-mannerist style - its facade is "the first truly Baroque structure in
- its facade is "the first truly the latter. baroque façade" Bohemia
baroque façade"

Early Baroque 1600-1625 (Moderno (facade of St. Peter’s)

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola Carlo Maderno Giovanni Maria Filippi Andrea Spezza Carlo Rainaldi
Jacques Lemercier
(1507-1573) (1556-1629) (1565-1630) (1580-1628) (1611-1691)
(1585-1654) Francois Mansart Gian Lorenzo Bernini Francesco Borromini
- one of the great Italian -Italian architect -Italian architect -Italian -Italian
-French (1598-1666) (1598-1680) (1599-1667)
architects of 16th century -father of Baroque -father of Baroque -worked mostly in -architect, engineer -was one of the
-French -Rome -italy leading architects of
Mannerism architeture architeture in Bohemia Czech Republic -architect credited -Sculpture, painting, -was a leading figure
and Moravia 17th century Rome,
with introducing architecture in the emergence of known for a certain
classicism into -architectural works Roman Baroque grandeur in his
Baroque architecture include sacred and architecture. designs.
of France secular buildings and
sometimes their
urban settings and
interiors

The foremost pioneer of Baroque architecture was Carlo Maderno, whose masterpiece is the facade of Saint Peter's
Basilica, Vatican City.6 (Constructed under various architects throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
Saint Peter's features a mixture of Renaissance and Baroque components, the facade being one of the latter.)
Prior to Maderno, Saint Peter's had featured a central plan design, upon which various architects had worked
(especially Michelangelo). Maderno converted the building into a Latin cross basilica by extending the nave, thus
pushing the main entrance of the church forward. Saint Peter's can therefore be roughly divided into two parts: the
core (designed largely by Michelangelo) and the front extension (designed by Maderno). The great dome of Saint
Peter's is also chiefly Michelangelo's work, though Maderno did adjust its proportions (by stretching it vertically)
The facade of Saint Peter's contains a number of typical Baroque elements, including double columns (close-set
pairs of columns), layered columns, colossal columns (columns that span multiple stories), and broken pediments (in
which the bottom and/or top of a pediment features a gap, often with ornamentation that "bursts through" the
pediment). All of these elements were pioneered during the Late Renaissance, in mannerist architecture
St Peter's also makes extensive use of coffered ceilings, a common feature of monumental Western architecture. (A
"coffer" is a sunken ceiling panel, typically square, rectangular, or octagonal in shape.)
 Baroque

Capella Coraro,
S. Maria Vittoria
(1647-1651)
by Bernini

Waldstein Palace Ivo della Sapienza Sant'Agnese in Agone

(1621-1630) (1642-1650) The Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte The Collège des Quatre-Nations
( 1652-1672)
-Prague -Rome ( 1658-1661) ( 1662-1670-88?)
-Rome
- by Andrea Spezza, - by Borromini -France -France
- Francesco Borromini, others
Giovanni Pieroni Complicated ground plan (hexagon of 6 - Louis Le Vau - Louis Le Vau
triangles contained within a circle, with concave greater emphasis to regularity, the
Niccolo Sebregondi San Carlo alle Quattro
The Temple du Marais church in Sorbonne and colossal order of facades, and the use of
-The first Baroque palace in Santa Bibiana Fontane
(1632-1634) (1635) convex walls) is morphed at the top into perfect colonnades and cupolas, to symbolize the
Prague and probably also the first (1624-26) (1638-1641), Rome spherical dome. The interior communicates the power and grandeur of the King
-France -sorbonne, france
in Central Europe -Rome by Francesco Borromini mystery of God not only spiritually, but also
- by Francois Mansart - by Jacques Lemercier physically, by walking in the church.
- by Bernini -Baroque
Dome is a metaphor, a carrier of meaning

High Baroque 1625-1675 (Bernini and Borromini (sacred architecture))

Louis Le Vau Carlo Lurago Libéral Bruant Georg Dientzenhofer Domenico Martinelli Christoph Dientzen- Johann Bernhard Johann Arnold Nering
(1612-1670) (1615-1684) (1635-1697) (1643-1689) (1650-1718) hofer Fischer von Erlach (1659-1695)
-French -Italian -French -German builder of -Italian (1655-1722) (1656-1723) -German
-He emphasized on -mostly was active in South German and -evident figure in the -Czech -Austria
terraced, parterres, Prague Bohemian Baroque shaping of Baroque -was a prominent -Sculpture, painting,
pools, fountains, all to style in the North Alps Bavarian architect of architecture
provide an axial South-German, -architectural works
relationship to his Austrian and include sacred and
work . Bohemian Baroque. secular buildings and
-one of leading sometimes their
Baroque architects in urban settings and
Czech interiors

Versailles palace
(1661)
-Versailles
The two foremost names in Baroque architecture are Bernini and Borromini, both of whom worked primarily in Rome. - by Louis Le Vau
Two masterpieces of Gian Lorenzo Bernini are found at St Peter's. One is the four-story baldachin that stands over the -Hall of mirrors by Jules Hardouin Mansart
high altar.14 (A baldachin is an indoor canopy over a respected object, such as an altar or throne.) The other is the -painter Charles Le Brun, garden architect André
curving colonnades that frame St Peter's Square. Le Nôtre
Bernini's most famous building is likely the small church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale ("Saint Andrew's on Quirinal Hill").
Quirinal hill is one of the "seven hills of Rome".
Francesco Borromini was the master of curved-wall architecture. Though he designed many large buildings, Borromi-
ni's most famous and influential work may be the small church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane ("Saint Charles at the
Four Fountains"). This building is also found on Quirinal Hill.
 Quadratura: painting of a feigned architecture in
perspective on a flat or barrel-vaulted ceiling in such a
way that it seems to continue the existing architecture.
The perspective of this illusion is centred towards one
focal point.

Andrea Pozzo,
pilasters half-columns half-columns method of construction of the ceiling
fresco in S. Iganzio, Rome, 1691-94

Stadtpalais Liechtenstein Holy Trinity Church Charlottenburg Palace

S. Andrea della Valle Humprecht Chateau Grand Trianon of the Palace of the dome of Les ( 1692-1705 (1699-)
Pilgrimage chapel of ( 1694-1702)
(1665) (1666-68) Versailles Invalides in Paris -Vienna -Berlin
Holy Trinity -Salzburg
Rome -by Carlo Lurago (1670-1708) ( 1671-1678) - by Domenico Martinelli , - by Johann Arnold Nering in
( 1685-1689) - by Johann Bernhard Fischer von
by Carlo Rainaldi after fire in 1678 Francesco Versailles -by Libéral Bruant, Jules Gabriele Gabrieli baroque style
-Germany Erlach
Ceresolla by Louis Le Vau; Jules Hardouin Hardouin-Mansart -Baroque and rococo
- Georg Dientzenhofer
- Corinthian order on the czech republic Mansart -Wholy trinity visualised
ground floor, Composite
through architecture
order on the first floor

Late Baroque 1675-1725 (chateaux (notably Versailles))

Matthäus Daniel Johann Lukas von Jan Santini Aichel Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Pöppelmann Hildebrandt (1677-1723 (1689-1751) (1698-1782)
(1662-1736) (1668-1745) -Czech -Bohemian -French
-German -Austria -one of leading - His style was a
-master builder who -baroque architect baroque architects in careful balance
helped to rebuild and military engineer Czech between French
Dresden after the fire who designed stately -combination of Baroque architecture
of 1685. buildings and Baroque and Gothic and French neoclassi-
churches cism.

The Late Baroque marks the ascent of France as the heart of Western culture. Baroque art of
France (and northern Europe generally) tends to be restrained, such that it can be described as a
classical-Baroque compromise. The most distinctive element of French Baroque architecture is the
double-sloped mansard roof (a French innovation).
The most famous Baroque structures of France are magnificent chateaux (grand country residences), greatest of which is the Palace of Versailles.
One of the largest residences on earth, Versailles was built mainly under Louis XIV, whose patronage of the arts helped propel France to the crest of
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Scala Regia, Western culture.
Vatican, 1663-1666: The palace facade admirably illustrates the classical-Baroque compromise of northern Europe. The walls are characterized largely by simple planar
forced perspective creates classicism, although they do contain such Baroque elements as sculpted busts, a triple stringcourse, double pilasters, and colossal pilasters.
impression of greater length Additionally, the mansard roof features a sinuous metal railing and rich moulding around the dormer windows. Versailles became Europe's model of
palace architecture, inspiring similarly grand residences throughout the continent. Versailles' most famous room is the Hall of Mirrors, whose mirrors
have the same dimensions as the windows they stand opposite
 Schönbrunn Palace St. Nicholas at the Church St. Charles
Schloss Klessheim Place Vendôme Clam-Gallas Palace Upper Belvedere
(1700) Lesser Town Borromeo (Karlskirche)
( 1700-1732) ( 1702) ( 1714-1718) ( 1717-1723)
-Vienna ( 1703-1715) ( 1716-1739)
-Vienna -Paris -Prague -Wien
- by Johann Bernhard Fischer von -Prague -Wien
- by Johann Bernhard Fischer von - by Jules Hardouin-Mansart - by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach - by Lucas von Hildebrandt
Erlach - by Christoph - by Johann Bernard Fischer
Erlach -one of the most precious High Baroque
-one of the most important Dientzenhofer von Erlach
-introduction to monumental secular buildings
architectural, cultural, and urban squares
historical monuments in the
country
- rococo interior

Late Baroque 1675-1725 (chateaux (notably Versailles))

Melk Abbey
( founded 1089
reconstructed 1702-1749)
-Austria
- by Jakob Prandtauer
 The Place de la Concorde Archbishop's Palace Kinský Palace
Zwinger Palace Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Austrian National Library ( 1755-1772) ( 18 cent) ( 1755-1765)
( 1719-) Nepomuk ( 1723-1726) -Paris -Prague -Prague
-Dresden ( 1719-1727) -Vienna - by Ange-Jacques Gabriel - Late Baroque ( with - Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
- by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann -Zelena Hora, Czech republic - by Johann Bernhard Fischer von
- Jan Santini Aichel rococo) rococo
baroque Erlach -introduction to monumental urban
-Baroque with Gothic parts
squares

Late Baroque 1675-1725 (chateaux (notably Versailles)) Rococo Austria/southern Germany1725-1800 (notably churches)

Rococo artists embraced the curves and elaborate

ornament of Baroque, but reigned in its weighty
drama. The result was a gentle, playful style
typified by pastel colours and delicate, asymmetri-
cal decoration. Though most Rococo art was
centred in France (the birthplace of the style),
Rococo architecture culminated in Austria and
southern Germany, especially in the form of
churches
TIMELINE

YEAR CZ EU

1780s Chateau kacina (kutna hora) Ideal city of Chaux, Ledoux// Metropolitan temple, Boullee// Newton’s cenotaph,
georg fischer Boulee// Frederick monument, Gilly// Iron bridge, Severn, Shropshire, England

1800s Governors summer palace,

geore fischer

1815s New theatre- Schinkel, neue wache

1820s Altes Museum,Schinkel

Iron suspension bridge, Wales

1830s Royal palace, Athens, Schinkel// Glyptotheque, Klenze// Royal Residence, Klenze
Temple of Wallhala, Klenze

1840s Memorial to emperor franz II, Semper synagogue, Semper

josef kranner Opera house 1st , Semper
Desfours palace, josef kranner Kew Garden, Turner
Franz i bridge, bedrich schnirch St. Genevieve library, Labrouste

1850s Church of st. cyril and Hall of fame, Klenze

methodius, ignac ullmann Gemaldegalerie, Semper
Completion of Ringstrasse
Crumlin viaduct
Crystal palace, Paxton
1860s St. vitus cathedral, josef kranner Opera house, Garnier
Lazansky palace, ignac ullmann Red house
Votivkirche
National library, Labrouste
ringstrasse
Red House, William Morris

1870s St. vitus cathedral, josef mocker Opera house 2nd, Semper
Karlstejn castle, mocker Townhall, Vienna
Spanish synagogue, ignac
ullmann
Schebek palace, ullmann +
barvitius
National theatre, josef zitek +
josef schulz,
Villa Lanna, Barvitius, ullman

1880s St. wenceslas church, antonin Burgtheatre, Vienna, Semper

barvitius,

1885s National museum, josef schulz- Eiffel,

Rudolfinum ,

1900s Main railway station, josef fanta

1920s Ministry of industry, josef fanta

 AMERICA EUROPE ASIA
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Frank Lloyd
SOVIET UNION
De Stilj (Neoplasticism) Constructivism
(1917 - 1931), Netherlands Wright, 1922. (1917 - 1935) Russia
architects: Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van Hoff , buildings and architects: Monument to the
1920
J. J. P. Oud. Third International. Vladimir Tatlin. 1920, Iron in
buildings: Schröder House, Gerrit Rietveld,1924 clouds. El Lissitskij. 1925, Lenin Institute. Ivan
Le Corbusier: Villa Fallet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1906. Leonidov. 1925, Rusakov Workers Club.
Villa Schwob, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1916. Konstantin Melnikovm.1928, Zuev Workers
Plan Voisin Paris, 1925. Villa Savoye, France, 1931 Club. Ilja Golosov. 1933

International Style Exhibition1932, USA, New York, Moma
architects presented at the exhibition: Jacobus Oud,
Otto Eisler, Walter Gropius, Ludvig Mies van der Rohe,
1930
World War 1939-1945 in Europe, Prefectural Office, Aichi 1938, Imperial in Russia Stalin prefers socialistic realism
modern architecture is not developed Crown Style (historicism) since half of 30s
further

Le Corbusier, Erich Mendelsohn, Richard Neutra, Alvar

Aalto and others
buildings: Bauhaus Building, Germany, Walter
Gropius, 1926. Villa Tugendhat, Czech Mies van der
Rohe, 1930. Lovell House, USA, Richard Neutra, 1929.
Fagus Factory, Walter Gropius, 1925. Rotterdam
Housing, Netherlands, J. Oud, 1927.
in USA modern architecture becomes strong, European in Germany Adolf Hitler prefers historicism in Japan Metabolists (modern
modern architects move to USA (Mies, Gropius etc.)
and start to teach at universities
(architect Albert Speer). after war Europe architecture) start to work with the
buildings: Kaufman Villa, USA, Richard is stuck on renewal (building new parts of political support of Japanese
1940

Neutra, 1947. Glass House, USA, Philip
Johnson, 1949. Seagram Tower, USA
Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson, 1958.
Pampulha Church, Brazil, Oscar Niemeyer
1943
Critical regionalism: Casa Barragan, Mexico, Luis
Barragan, 1948, Niemeyer House, Brazil, 1953
in USA modern architecture is a norm,
BUT first claims against modern
architecture appear: Philip Johnson
1950
destroyed cities), this happens mainly in
government
modern style with some exceptions
(Le Havre by August Perret).
buildings: Le Havre, France, August Perret,
postwar distric
Critical regionalism: Säynätsalo town hall group, Finland
Alvar Aalto,1952
in Europe (West) modern architecture in Japan Metabolists (modern in Russia there is a turn toward modern
is preffered, BUT new forms appear: architecture) do their famous projects architecture after the death of Stalin in
Le Corbusier(Unité d Habitation, France,
buildings: Sky House, Japan, Kiyonori mid 50s

1952. Chapel Ronchamps, France, 1954.

says: „We cannot not to know history.“
buildings: Seagram Tower, USA
Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson
1958
voices are raised against modernism
Robert Venturi: House for Vanna Venturi,
USA 1964. Guild House, USA, 1964. Fire
1960
Kikutake, 1958.Hiroshima Memorial buildings: Warsaw House of Culture,
La Tourette Convent, France, 1957)
works with concrete in a sculptural way, Kenzo Tange, 1955. Poland, Lev Rudnev,1955
New Brutalism in England (Secondary Critical regionalism: Kagawa Prefecture,
School, the Smithsons, 1954). School in Zurich, Japan, Kenzo Tange, 1958
Jacques Schader, 1959
Segrate Memorial,Aldo Rossi, Italy,1965 Yamanashi Broadcasting and Press
Retti Shop, Austria, H.ans Hollein, 1965.
Biosphere, R. B. Fuller, 1967. Walking
Centre, Kofu, Kenzo Tange, 1966.
Marine City, Kiyonori Kikutake, 1968.

Station 4, USA 1968.Brant House, USA. City, Archigram, 1964. Superstructure,

Dixwell Fire Station, USA. Sea Range, Yona Friedman, around 1960. The
Charles Moore, USA, 1965. Peter Eisenman Continuous Monument, Superstudio,
House II 1969. John Hejduk: Wall House 1969. St. Pius Church, Meggen, Franz Fueg, 1966.
1968, Texas House II, Diamond Houses Church in Chur, Walter Förderer, 1969
1965. Smiths House, Richard Meier 1965. Critical regionalism: Sverre Fehn: Norwegian Pavilion
Hanselmann/Benacerraf Houses, M. Graves in Venice 1962. Hamar Museum, Sweden 1967-79
Robert Venturi: Brant House, USA, 1973. Dixwell Aldo Rossi: Analogue City, 1977- layers of a historical Expo 70 Osaka, Metabolists, 1970.
Fire Station, USA, 1974. Best Showroom, USA 1973, town. Gallaratese II, Italy,1973. San Cataldo Tadao Ando: Azuma House (Row
1974, 1978. Charles Moore: KresgeCollege, USA, Cemetery in Modena, Italy, 1971-84. Fagnano
Ologna, Italy 1976. The City of the Captive Globe House), Osaka,1978, Ishihara House
1970

1971. Piazza d Italia,USA, 1977. Peter Eisenman

House III1970, House VI 1972-1975, House X 1977. conversion, Spain, Ricardo Bofill 1975. Casa Bianchi, (Glass House), Osaka, 1978.
Rem Koolhaas,1978 utopian. Cement factory

Richard Meier New Harmony‘s Atheneum, USA Riva San Vitale, Mario Botta, 1973.
1979,
Critical regionalism: Piscinas de Marés, Portugal
Alvaro Siza,1973
Michael Graves: Portland Building, USA, 1982. Residential block Berlin, Aldo Rossi, Germany, 1981- 88. Il Palazzo Hotel, Aldo Rossi, Japan
School in Broni,Aldo Rossi, Italy, 1982. Teatro del Mondo for
Disney Headquarters, USA, 1986. Denver Public Venice, Italy 1980. Strada Novissima at Venice Biennale 1985, 1987-98. Church on the Water, Japan
Library, USA, 1990. John Hejduk Masque for Hans Hollein. Marne La Valle, France, Ricardo Bofill, 1983.
Tadao Ando, 1988. Tadao Ando
1980

Buenos Aires, Argentina 1983, KreuzbergBerlin, Museum of Architecture, Germany, O.M.Ungers, 1985.
Germany 1988. Richard Meier High Museum St. Benedict Chapel, Switzerland, Peter Zumthor, 1988. Lloyds Koshino House, Ashiya1981, addition
Building, GB Richard Rogers,1986. extension to museum Neue
of Art, USA 1983. Peter Eisenman Romeo and Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, Germany James Stirling, 1977-1984. 1984, Rokko Housing One, Kobe 1983,
Juliet project for Venice, Italy, 1985, Wexner Rooftop remodeling, Vienna, Austria, Coop Himmelblau, 1985. Chapel on Mount Rokko, Kobe 1986,
Center for the Arts, USA 1989. Competition Parc de La Villette, Bernard Tschumi, 1983.
Blue House, Oberwil, Herzog &de Meuron, 1980.
Church on the Water, Hokkaido 1988,
Ricola Storage, Laufen, Herzog &de Meuron, 1987. Church of the Light, Osaka, 1989.
Mario Botta San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Chapel San Benedegt, Sumvitg, Peter Zumthor, 1988 Tadao Ando: Rokko Housing Two, Kobe
Critical regionalism: National Museum of Roman Art in Merida, Spain
1995. Peter Eisenman Skyscraper for Berlin, Rafael Moneo,1986 1993, Water Temple, Awaji Island 1991,
Germany 1993, City of Culture of Galicia, Spain Daniel Liebeskind: Felix Nussbaum Haus 1998 and Jewish Museum of wood culture, Kami
1990

1999. John Hejduk House of the Suicide, Czech museum in Berlin 1999. Bernard Tschumi park La Villette 1998.
Zaha Hadid Vitra Fire station 1994 and IBA Berlin Bulding 1993. 1994, Fumihiko Maki Crematory (1997).
Republic 1990, Towers in Galicia, Spain 1992. S. Angeli Chapel, Mount Tamaro, Mario Botta, 1996.
Richard Meier Rachofsky House, USA 1996. Museo La Congiunta, Giornico, Peter Märkli, 1992.
Tokyo City Hall, Kenzo Tange, 1991.
Michael Graves Denver Public Library, USA 1990. Vrin Urban Renewal, Gion A. Caminada, 90’s. Yellow House, Fuji-Sankei Building, Kenzo Tange, 1996
Flims, Valerio Olgiati, 1999. Therms in Vals, Peter Zumthor, 1996
Critical regionalism: Murcia Town Hall, Spain
Rafael Moneo, 1998
Richard Meier Church of 2000, Italy 2003 Vrin Mortuary, Gion A. Caminada, 2002. Atelier Chichu Art Museum, Tadao Ando,
Bardill, Scharans, Valerio Olgiati, 2007. One Wall Naoshima, 2004
House, Zurich, 2007. Leutschenbach School,
2000

Zurich, Christian Kerez, 2009. Chapel Bruder Klaus,

Wachendorf, Peter Zumthor, 2007.

Critical regionalism: Paula Rego Museum, Portugal

Eduardo Souto de Moura, 2008
Richard Meier Vinci Partners, Brazil 2012 Serpentine Pavilion, London, Peter Zumthor,
2011. Serpentine Pavilion, London, Herzog
&de Meuron, 2012
2010