DILLA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON : THE CASE AND CONSQUENCE OF

UNEMPLOYMENT IN SILITE ZONE SANKURA WOREDA ALEMGEBAYA TOWN

BY: DAGNACHEW ASSEFA

ADIVSOR : MELKA.S (MA)

JANUARY,2020
DILLA,ETHIOPIA
1.1 Background of the study

The international standard definition of un employment is based on three seeking’’ (ILO).

Accordingly the unemployment compromises all person above the specified for measuring
the economically active population who during the reference period where ‘’without work’’ .
I.e are not in rapid employment or self-employment currently available for work I.e are
available for rapid employment or self-employment the reference period ‘’seeking work’’
that has taken specific steps in specifies resent period to seek paid employment or self-
employment (Ansdelmsharpe Charles A.kegister and paul W.Girmas 2006).
The consequences of un employment are idleness indolent in drug abuse, alcohol, possible
illegal trade gambling, drug addiction, unwanted pregnancies are among others.
These have been documented, well known and they keep police forces around the world busy
the fact 80% of the population in many African countries live of subsistence agriculture, live
in rural areas, lack safe drinking water have no sanitation facilities.
The challenge of un employment indeed computing the un employment rate in such
developing countries is a problem (N.Gregory Mounken 2000).
Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with high level un employment . According to the
ministry of labour the UN employment rate increase 11.5% annually during the 1979-1988
period by 1987/88 they are 715,065 registered UN employed workers in the thirty six towns
of these registered 134,117 ultimately found on job, leaving the removing 580,948 UN
employme . According to the government rural labour survey revolved that 97.5% of the rural
labour force worked 1.4% did not work because of social reason and 0.1% has been un
employed during the previous 12 months.(Ayele Kut is 2003). According to (CSA 2000)
data, un employment rate in national level in terms of regions the highest un employment rate
goes to SNNPR and although the problems which have affects on the challenging problems
in the silte zone sankura woreda.Un employment problem is one of the factors that retard
economic development in silte zone sankura woreda Alem-gebeya town.
1.2 Statement of problem

In the 1970 and 1980 centuries un employment emerged as the major economic issues in
western nation and un employment also rise in north Africa and Australia But the rise is less
dramatic than Europeans. Highest and persistent un employment increases economic
inequality and have negative effects on subsequent long run economic growth.Un
employment can harm growth not only is water resources but also it generates redistributive
pressure and subsequent distortion, drives people to poverty ,constrains limiting labour
mobility and erodes self-esteem, promoting social dislocation unrest and conflicts is the most
important problems in united nations (report J.shiller, 2013, 68)
In Africa particularly Ethiopia many studies have been conducted about un employment
however, the challenges and effects is containing to face the different parts of the regions. Un
employment is a serious individual social and economic problem that affect the life of some
sections of the society. In psychology or individual point of view un employment individual
is affected by low self-confidence, depression of un worthy, overall and healthy related
problems like addiction of chat and alcohol, prostitution, commercial sex workers,
unexpected pregnancy and exposed to HIV/AIDS and other related diseases.In social aspects
individuals becoming to decrease in social interaction with other people. They also lead to
unwanted activities like that of the robbery prostitution and crime since they have less
disposable income. In economics dimension employed fail are pay shortgage payments or to
pay rent leads to homelessness through for closure or eviction.Although high level of un
employment can be cause of civil unrest,in some cases leading to revolution and total it
unionism, lose of frost in admits iteractive and government will needs to political instability.
Having these ideas into consideration basement of unemployment is not clearly study
particularly in the case of silte zone Sankura woreda . there fore I will to show or paper is
find out the dimension basement of un employment case in Silte zone Sankera woreda ,
Alem-Gebeya town.

1.3 The basic Research questions will be:

1. What are the cause of un employment in Silte zone Sankera woreda , Alem-Gebeya
town?
2. What is the socio-economic impact of un employment in the study area?
3. What are the solutions make by local government to mitigate the problem?

1.4 Objective of the study

1.4.1. General objective
Explore the basement of unemployment in Silte zone Sankera woreda , Alem-Gebeya town.
1.4.2. Spesific objective
1. To identify the cause of un employment in Silte zone Sankera woreda , Alem-Gebeya
town.
2. To asses socio-economic impact of un employment
3. To find out the level of intervention make by local government to mitigate to problem

1.5 Significance of the study

Studying this problem had many significant for different concerned bodies. First it gives
some statically information for decision makers. Second, this paper will used by others
study base that is going to study the problem at regional and national level. Third, How
they can reduce the problem of un employment in the woreda. Mostly this paper gives
recommendation for decision makers which help them in formulating on un employment.
1.6 scope of the study

the scope of the a stady explains that the case and consquence of un enployment in silt zone
sankura werda alemgebeya town in genral speaking thise stady are manly focuse on to find
out case and consquence of un enployemnt rate in the stadids area
1.6.1 Delimitation of the study

The scope of the study is delimited to Silte zone Sankera woreda , Alem-Gebeya town,
moreover, this paper study whether they are literate or illiterate this study also considers the
degree of migration frame the surrounding woredas into the Sankura woreda.

1.6.2 Limitation of the study

In undertaking any, it is inevitable to face some difficulties. This study is not also free from
some limitations. Some of these limitations is unwillingness of some respondent to give
relevant data. Financial constraints and edition problem are the challenges.

1.7 Organization of the study

This study is organized by five chapters:-
The first chapter constitutes introduction,
the second is about Review of related literature.
The third is about description of the study area, the fourth is about Discussion and results and
the final and the fifth chapter constitutes conclusion and recommendations.

2. Review of Related Literature

2.1 Concept of unemployment
Unemployment is the number of people in the work force who want to work but do not have
a job. It also defined as the number of personal who are willing to work the current age rates
in the society but not employed currently.Unemployment or joblessness occurs when people
are without work and actively seeking work.. It is micro economic problem that affects
mostly individuals by means of reduced living a standard psychological distress. Mostly
unemployment confide economically active personal who are most specify age from 14-65
years old but. They are without work and actively searching for job (Ashiley, 2007).
A national culture and legal institution determines which human pressure will be included in
labor force. Labor force is people who are wants to work it exclude people who are retired
disable and able to work not currently (USALFO).
2.2 Types of unemployment
Unemployment is known as joblessness occurs when people are without and actively seeking
work. ccording to the Pieter (2010). Economists distinguish between different ways of
classifying unemployment the following is quiet common (www.google.com).
2.2.1 Frictional unemployment
Frictional unemployment is called voluntary unemployment. It is transitional or short term
unemployment in nature. It is usually originated on labor side that attributes to individuals
dececision. A good illustration in the unemployment that occurs when peoples are changing
searching new work.

2.2.2 Structural-Unemployment
This type of unemployment usually caused long term unemployment caused by economic
fluctuation. The term cyclical comes from the phase “Business Cycle”. which is commonly
used to labor, their regular fluctuation aggregate economy. Cyclical unemployment occurs
when there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy to provide jobs for every one
who want to work. Demand for most goods and services falls, less production is needed and
consequently fewer workers are needed, Wage are sickly and mass unemployment result.
With cyclical unemployment a number of unemployed works are exceeding the number of
job vacancies.(Smaith 2000).
2.3 Cause of Unemployment
There are several causes of unemployment and it depends on prevailing conditions of
economy and also an individual’s perception. The following are some of the cause of
unemployment. These are:- Change in technology, hidden ,deficiency, job dissatisfaction are
main cause of unemployment (Durn Bush, 1994: 1660). Technological change is one of the
serious causes for unemployment. As the technology changes employers search of people
with latest technical calibre and the look for better substitutes or job cuts due to change in
technology brings unemployment problem in the society. Demand deficiency is also a cause
for unemployment that resulted by involuntary unemployment due to sack aggregate demand
for goods and services. Hidden also discourage workers who have not effectively searching
for job. They are not out of labor age bracket and have loss both motivate to apply job and
also acts increase hidden unemployment.Unemployment that occurs real wage for job is force
above the market. Some economist believe that the introduction of minimum wage may
create some classical unemployment in believe region where average wage rate close to
national minimum wage. Finally job dissatisfaction is a cause happen when less at temptation
given by the employers on the performance of employers on the performance of employee
(Durn Bush , 171-173)
2.4 Unemployment in Ethiopia
Unemployment is one of the dominant socio-economic challenge facing in Ethiopia, a report
from ILO confirm that unemployment is aseries is sue where almost two third (2/3)of the
population is younger than 25 age.Indeed, Ethiopia has one of upon unemployment rate
worldwide about 50% of the youth labor force (ILO 2006).As cited by consulting (LC 2010)
young people in Ethiopia are confronted with many difficulties which it comes to their in
titration in the labor market and third search for decent and productive jobs, youth
unemployment which is substantially higher than labour adult unemployment has been
growing in the last decade, In spite of the dramatic economic, social and poletical
consequences of Ethiopia employment problem. The studies focuse on this population
(W>B,2009).Historically , Ethiopian youth are not up to a great start (Taye, 2008) Suggested
that as war-torn country as it is Ethiopian youth has been a lot. It goes without saying the
decades long choose shaped the thinking and confine construct of the youth significantly to
make worse the socialist policy follow in motivation and creativity to be productive and
research. The desire to be successful is the best instrument to be changed and change the
country.
As cities by organizing and Ethiopia economic contributing over 40% to gross domestic
production (GDP) 60% of exported employing approximately 85% of the country is
population in(World Bank 2012).Service constitutes the second largest compete of GDP. It
also contributing slightly over 40% and finally industry contributes a little over 10%.
Indecent years Ethiopia has displayed Alem-Gebeya town Economic growth and
substantiality in poverty.(Woldehana , Hiddenite and Deacon, 2008). The country has
witnessed double digit economic growth in most of the years after the turn of century there
have been couple of down turns due to drought between 2005 and 2010 the economy grown
average by 11% which is well above the planned largest of growth(Woldehanna, etal 2008).
Unemployment keeps being one of the dominant socio-economic and political changes in
Ethiopia, as cited by Martha (2012). Ethiopia is a poor agrarian country with per capital
income or us 350(World Bank 2011).
2.5Consequences of unemployment
As cited the consequence of unemployment (Ptii trade fluctuation and solar activity
1999)unemployment is not a friend and no body at any kind even a model person will not like
to make it his friend. The person is because there many consequences of unemployment are
these things which unemployment can result to. Hence the consequence of unemployment is
the following:- Migration, Conflict, Crime, Low national industrial output, Poverty,
Kidnapping and lawlessness.Migration:- who will like to stay in any country where
unemployment is one the main increase. Will you like to stay there. If you have other to
migration and secure good jobs. It is very sure that you will leave your country to another
main country where more available of jobs to continue in that part of the world.
Conflict:- there is a popular saying an angry mains. What is that make angry which
subsequently lead to hungry there answer is unemployment can make angry which result to
hungry. When large number of citizen is unemployed so. When they stay alone they fabric
the one wicked act they will carry out. Which is known as Crime.Low national industry
output :- it is learned that any national which face unemployment will have decline in
industrial production. This is because those who are to be employing radiates(earned persons)
will increase product which are yearly of cosmetic companies in nation in state of having
money the yearly output made by the country will be small. But when there are money
cosmetic companies that produce the some products will be of high increase because more
workers employed which help rapiers out that are obtained.

3.The research design and methodology

3.1 Research Design

The study is designed for cross sectional type which is a one time investigation with
continuation by the researcher. It is following a mixed approach (quantitative and
qualitative), together both quantitative and qualitative data to get precise, summaries and
comparison of quantitative data expressed by number and percentages and to access the
general elaborations explanations of qualitative data.

3.2 Description of the study area

3.2.1 Location of the study area

Silte zone is SNNPR. It is divided in to Ten woredas and three administration. Sankura
woreda is one of these woreda as which the study is concerned with relative location of the
sankura woreda is, It is located in North Dallocha woreda, south and west Hallaba zone north
west Mitto Woreda south and Eastern Hadiya zone , East and Northern Hulbarag woreda .
total area of 384.45 km²
3.2.2 population and language

The total population number of silte Zone is 1,o16,012 from this population sankura
woreda constitute 149,445 Sankura woreda people speak a language called Siltigna
which belongs Semetic language Family.
3.2.3 Climatic Condition

The altitude of the woreda arranges from 1799 m to 2001 m above sea level This shows
that the woreda is mainly characterized by low land kola climatic condition. The
metrological data for the woreda is available for five years from 2011 to 2016 the
average annual temperature is 23ºc and annuwal rain fall is approximately 1000-1490
 mm (Sankura woreda finance and Economic development office 2011 E.C) Generally,
Agricultural activities are one of dominant and basic livelihood for most of Silte
population and there are also too economic activities crop production and animal raring
there are mechanism of assigning of individuals into in various hierarchies of social
ladder among the silte people are stratified on the base socio-economic and other
features

3.3.1 Source of data

In this study the research will be both source of data in primary source of data will
gather through, questionnaires, interviews and personal observations. Secondary
source of data will gather from different documented and written materials relating to
unemployment.

3.4 Method of data collection

3.4.1 Questionnaires
The questionnaires in English language and translate in to in Amharic, for easy to
understand by respondents. The questionnaires include both open ended and close ended.
Close ended questionnaires will be use to collect data from population who highly
challenging by unemployment and open ended questionnaires will be also use because it
enables to get detail information and provide freedom to the respondent give detail
information.

3.4.2 Interview
In addition to the above structure Interview will be conduct because it is possible to check as
well as supplement information to obtain from regarding the problem of unemployment.

3.4.3 Sample size and technique

Insured to represent the whole population under investigation in the study areas and with
them, it is better to take a sample from the total population. There are 30 kebeles in Silte zone
Sankura woreda. The entire target population is not considering due to florist population is
time, financial constraints. While the researcher will be studied this town, the total
population of stadis area are 26850 from these 329 are unemployed. In these case 182 are
constituted females and 147 males. By considering this problem the researcher will be select
30 females and 20 males respondents.

3.4.4 Data Source and Type

The primary data are generat from primary sources. Such sources of data are mainly. The
sample respondents and secondary sources are use primary source of data will gather through
questionnaires , interview and personal observations.
Secondary source of data will gather from different written materials related to
unemployment.
3.4.5 Sampling Techniques and Determination of Sample size

There are 30 (Thirty) kebeles in Sankura woreda . The entire target population is not
considered due to a large number of population and time, Financial constraints. The
researcher randomly selected Alem-Gebeya towns by Researcher randomly selected
by considering that unemployment is indiscriminately the problem of all town of the
woreda and taking one town the woredas represent the woreda , Situation.
Accordingly from 1200 households, the study has taken 50 respondents from these
respondant 30 are femels and 20 are males by using simple random sampling
technique believing that this sample size represents the households in these towns.
3.4.6 Methods of Data collection

The data for studies collected through interview and personal observations . Sample house
hold interviews are held using structured standardized interviews (questionnaires) with both
open and close ended questions. While the kebele officials and other key informant
interviews are conducted using unstructured and semi structured interviews with list of
interview questions.
3.4.7 Data-Analysis

After the collection of data through the questionnaires and interview, the acquired
information has been analysed and interpreted carefully to understand their complete
meaning and implication. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques are used.
For quantitative data , Frequencies and percentages are largely used. On the other hand,
 qualitative data mainly collected from key informant interviews and observations are
analysed using detail descriptions, elaborations and explanations.

4 Budget Break Down

In order to implement needed tasks starting from the beginning the amount of budget
the researcher expected to spend on each steps has been listed on the budget break down
table below.

S.N Description Unit Quantity Unit cost in Unit total

birr cost
1 Secretary Page 22 5 160
2 A4 size papa Pack 1 200 200
3 Pen Piece 7 7 49
4 16GB flash disk 1 250 250
5 Preparation of - 15 2 30
questionnaires
6 Binding cost Piece 1 20 20
7 Transportation Trip 4day 200 200
8 Miscellaneous expense 100 100
9 Contingency (10%) 160.9
10 Grand total 1211.9

4.1 WORK PLAN

No Activities Months
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
1 Title selection
2 Agreement of title
3 Proposal
development
4 Submission of 
proposal

5 Data collection
6 Organization of data
7 Data analysis
8 Research writing
9 Submission of
research
10 Presentation

References

 Anselm sharp. Charles A.Kegister and pave W. Grimes (2006) Economics of social
issue (2nd) Edition molon Italy and Mo publication put. LTD printing.
 Ayeleku tis (2003) Ethiopian economy 1st edition Adiss Abeba Ethiopia mega
printing press
 Assert, NUPI, 1998 1st edition.
 Burred and Wyplosz (2001) Macroeconomics European text 3rd edition Network.
 CSC population national labor survey edition 2001-1494, 2007, 2011.
 CSC population project of Wired (1994-2005)
 Dorbusch R and S, Finisher (1981). Arco economic 2nd edition. MC Grow Hill Ine,
USA.
 Dorbusch (1994) Course 3 unemployment 3rd editon.
 Dorbusch R,S. Fisher and R. start 2 (2002). Macroeconomics 8th edition. Total IMC
Grow hill publishing company limited.
 Fisher and dornbusch (1994). Macroeconomics 6th edition New York. American Care
printing press.
 Warwada minster of educational office (2007).
 MC Connell C.R and S.L Brue (1994) economics principles, problems and policies
14th edition.
 National Metrological service agencies NMSA (2003).
 N.Gregory Monkton (2000) Macroeconomics 4th edition. Harvard university USA
Worth publisher.
 Repent J.Shailer. 2013:68
 Tomas,2007:12