RESEARCH PROJECT

Lesson 4 Output: Review of Related Literature

Grade & Section: 12-Epifanio Delos Santos

Group Name: Facts Buddies
Date of Submission: April 22, 2022
___________________________________________________________

Directions: Write a literature review. Remember to follow the steps discussed in the lesson. For
this activity, you are required to submit the following:

1. Research schedule for your library visit

Date Time Library to visit Research reports/ studies to be search

April 18, 2022 11:40 AM National Library Cyberbullying

April 18, 2022 1:00 PM National Library Cyberbullying

2. Note cards of at least ten scholarly works ( books, journals, conference papers,etc.)

DDetails about the work ( type, title, author, etc.)

Type: Research

Title: Cyberbullying on Social Media Among College Students

Author: Batts, Sierra, Brown, Ebonnie, Collins, Cedric, et al.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary:
The VISTAS Online published a research article in 2016 with a title of Cyberbullying on
Social Media Among Colleges. The said article is conducted by Lakitta D. Johnson, Alfonso
Haralson, Sierra Batts, Ebonie Brown, Cedric Collins, Adrian Van Buren-Travis, and Melissa
Spencer from Jackson, Mississippi and they conducted the research in Jackson State University. It
is a study that discusses the negative impacts of cyberbullying, cyberbullying on social media,
and on college campuses. It provides numerous data of survey regarding cyberbullying, and the
data it’s collected to the Jackson State University where the said research was conducted and it
was collected.
 Methodology:
170 undergraduate students at Jackson State University (total enrollment 9,134) volunteered to
participate in the study. Participants were 122 females and 45 males; three subjects who did not
complete the entire survey were deleted. All outliers were deleted, leaving 167 undergraduate
college students.The amended survey was reviewed by professors at Jackson State University and
Alcorn State University. It included demographic data, the 17-item survey, and a definition of
cyberbullying as well as the location and hours of operation for counseling centers. Survey was e-
mailed to approximately 6,245 undergraduate students three times. Data was analyzed through the
Qualtrics Online Survey system. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study
was a preliminary analysis of the data, and only descriptive statistics were used.

Findings:
As a result, 35.76% (n = 59) of participants reported being very upset regarding their feelings
or beliefs about cyberbullying. 11.52% reported having no opinion about their feelings; 9.70%
reported that they just live with it; and 4.85% said it was no big deal. Therefore, more than 90%
of people in the U.S. say they do not like to see others cyberbullied, according to a survey by the
Pew Research Internet Project. More than half of people believe that cyberbullying is something
that happens to people, rather than something that is done to people. Survey also found that
2.45% reported that they were often victims of online bullying and 1.65% said it happened more
than once. In addition, 61.59% reported that they would block the aggressor from communicating
with them. 9.76% said they would contact an adult or person of authority about the abuse.
Furthermore, 17.58% of Americans would file an abuse report if they witnessed cyberbullying;
18.18% would help the person being targeted figure out what to do. 3.03% would privately
confront the aggressor and ask them to stop; 7.88% would read the material but do nothing else.
More over, 4.88% reported cyberbullying others less than a month; and 1.22% reported bullying
others once a month. Lastly, the survey asked respondents about which social media site they use
the most.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature:

The research is informative and helpful when it comes to the data regarding the victims of
cyberbullying. The weakness of this study is it focuses on the behavior of the victims and the
bystander, rather on the effects of cyberbullying to its victims.

Type: Research

Title: Empathy, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization among Filipino adolescents

Author: Kim, Shin-Jeong, Lee, Jungmin, and Shanen, Tadena

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary:
Cyberbullying is one of many problems that teenagers are facing right now. The study was
conducted to investigate empathy, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization among Filipino
adolescents. The specific goals of the research is: to identify the degree of empathy, cyberbullying,
and cybervictimization among junior high school students, to identify differences in empathy,
cyberbullying, and cybervictimization according to participants’ general characteristics, and to
identify the relationships among empathy, cyberbullying, and degree of cybervictimization. The
researchers used two theories to show that Social learning theory reflects the understanding that a
person learns and develops attitudes, behaviors, and emotional reactions by observing others’
actions. General strain theory that supports the assumption that negative experiences can lead to
strain or stress. Although empathy does not necessarily affect cyberbullying, higher levels of
empathy were found among cyberbullying victims.

Hypothesis:

Methodology:
This research is a descriptive study using a questionnaire to investigate empathy, cyberbullying,
and cybervictimization among 168 junior high school students in the 7th to 10th grades at a public
high school in Cavite Province, Philippines.The participants were students from grades 7 to 10
who were aged 12 to 19 years old and used social media applications. The school was selected
using convenience sampling. The sample size for the correlation was calculated using G*Power
3.1.9.2. The data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics (frequency and mean), the
independent t-test, bivariate correlation, and one-way analysis of variance.

Findings:
The findings of this study shed important light on the issues of
cyberbullying and cybervictimization, which could become more
problematic in the COVID-19 pandemic. Empathy was not found to be
negatively associated with cyberbullying. The results indicated that
164 participants were needed for an effect size of .25, a significance
level of .05, and a test power of .95. Anticipating an 80% response rate,
201 participants were recruited. Responses from 168 participants were
analyzed after excluding uncompleted questionnaires. The degree of
empathy did not show a statistically significant relationship with
cyberbullying (r=−.07, p=.359) but did show a significant relationship
with cybervictimization (r=.18, p=.025). Furthermore, cyberbullying had
a statistically significant association with cybervictimization (r=.60,
p<.001).

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature:

The research is outstanding since the research was conducted methodically and it gives full data
to support the research. The weakness of this study is it uses self-report surveys in which there’s a
possibility that the student misreported or over-reported. The questionnaires also used may have
made the students feel discomfort, anxiety, and fear due to the questions.
Type: Research

Title: Cyber Bullying And Academic Performance

Author: Dr. Qais Faryadi

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary:
This research investigates the emotional and physiological effects of cyber bullying on the
university students.It goes on to discuss how cyberbullying affects students' academic performance
and how much the two are closely connected. Examining the participants' experiences, how they
handled such a situation, and how it affected them mentally, emotionally, and academically. The
primary goal of this investigation is to identify and critically evaluate victims of cyberbullying.
analyze their emotional state and frame of mind in order to provide them with a conceivable and
working solution intervention in cyberbullying prevention.

Methodology:
Triangulation method is used for this research. It is a method that combines two or more
methods. Qualitative, Quantitative, Descriptive, and Observation methods were used. The
qualitative method was used to collect and analyze data while the quantitative method was used to
further strengthen the qualitative data. This research was carried out at a Malaysian university.
Approximately 8,000 pupils were enrolled. 365 first-year students were chosen at random to
participate in the study. Students’ parents were given questionnaires to provide feedback about
their child's behavior. The following instruments were used to collect data for this study: (1)
student questionnaires parents; (2) student questionnaires; (3) interviews with selected students; (4)
observation of field notes and participants.

Findings:
The results signify that cyber bullying indeed affected students academically as well as
emotionally. Ninety-five percent of the participants (95%) denoted that they were scared and
worried about cyber bullying in the classrooms. The majority of the respondents 300(85%) were of
the view that if concrete action was not taken to curb cyber bullying, many students would be
affected emotionally. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents 255(70.8%) held the view that
cyber bullying had an adverse effect on the victims’ academic performance. Data collected from
the parents 55 (22%) indicated that their children are worried without apparent reasons. Parents
further indicated that they suspect cyber bullying might be the main cause of their mood change.
Few parents (10%) indicated that their children are depressed most probably due to cyberbullying.
Results from observation specify that 35% of the population in the class showed signs of worries
on their faces. The instruments used to collect data were video recording, note taking and digital
photography. Many extraordinary incidents such as students’ gestures, facial expressions and body
language are simply self-explanatory about difficulties they face in the class.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature:

 The researchers did a good job in choosing their research methodology. All angles that could be
taken, given their topic are all covered thanks to their good instruments. All statements are clearly
stated and well supported with evidence of past research. Datas are well laid out and well
supported by their data gathering procedure. The weakness I see is that the title is vague and a lot
of variables are involved.

Type: Research

Title: Agufana, Peace, & MAkori, Andrew

Author: Cyber bullying Among Learners in Higher Educational Institutions in Sub- Saharan
Africa: Examining Challenges and Possible Mitigations.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary:
This Article is focused on Cyber Bullying using Technology. It reveals the devastating effects
of cyberbullying on students. Cyberbullying is cruel and has negative social, physical, and
psychological consequences for the victims. Also cyber bullying in general can lead to feeling of
incompetence.
One of the primary sources of bullying is Technology, because of easy access to information and
interaction with other people, it may result in Cyberbullying and Cyber crimes. Cyber bullying
refers to the use of electronic communication technologies to bully others. Any bullying can be
classified as cyber bullying if it involves online or electronic devices, hurtful and harmful
electronic devices. Cyberbullying is seen as a harmful outcome of technological advancement.
Many victims of cyberbullying are those who have become enslaved to technology as a result of
compulsive and addictive behavior. This study will recommend more awareness and effort to
control cyber bullying.

Methodology:
This research was needed to diversify reactions and lessen what Watson and Coombes cited in
Makori and Onderi (2013). This research is a case study that uses a descriptive research design.
One public university in Kenya was discovered and selected for the study using a purposive
technique. The data was gathered by a survey questionnaire that included both closed and open
ended questions. The questionnaire's open ended option allowed respondents to add comments and
clarify some of the information they had supplied in their responses. Readers also obtain insight
into their perspectives on cyberbullying at Kenyan higher education institutions. The point of the
study discussed in the article was to improve learners' awareness and understanding of
cyberbullying in higher education institutions. The findings will help to establish a knowledge base
for understanding the prevalence of cyberbullying, as well as its repercussions and mitigation
techniques.

Findings:
Cyber bullying happens all the same time whether we like it or not. It has been largely
overlooked in various cases, but the consequences have been disastrous. According to the
information received, 62% of respondents believe cyberbullying occurs frequently. A total of 192
questionnaires were distributed to the six schools of the university and 123 of them were
completed and returned, representing 64% response rate. It is important to mention what we have
observed in this study. For instance attention has been paid to such areas as confidentiality and
minimization of any harm to the respondents associated with this study. According to the findings
of the study, having access to various platforms, especially the internet and phone, may be a crucial
component in cyberbullying. Remarks that were received included threats and spine-tingling ones,
as well as abusive messages.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature:

The data collection survey research comes with a few Drawbacks, surveys are flexible because
researchers can ask many different questions on cyber bullying topics. On the other hand surveys
are in many ways rather inflexible, let's say we do an online survey and we have 384 Respondents,
as responses start coming in, your phrasing on a particular question seems to be confusing a
number of respondents. When conducting interviews, a researcher can provide respondents further
explanation if they’re confused by a question and can tweak their questions as they learn more
about how respondents seem to understand them.

Type: Research

Title: Cyberbullying Among School Adolescents in an Urban Setting of a Developing Country:

Experience, Coping Strategies, and Mediating Effects of Different Support on Psychological Well-
Being

Author: Anh Toan Ngo†, Anh Quynh Tran1†, Bach Xuan Tran, et al.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary:
This research study defines Cyberbullying as a prevalent phenomenon among adolescents. It
also outlines different supports to protect an individual in becoming a cyberbullying victim,
specifically Family support as the most important factor that should be considered. This study also
classified the coping strategies into four groups that could help the victims. Lastly, this study
proclaimed that evidences in Vietnam about cyberbullying among adolescents as well as its social
impact were limited. The 3-month rate of cyberbullying observation among adolescents aged 11-14
was low. However, current coping strategies against cyberbullying were not sufficient

Methodology:
Data of this paper were collected through a cross-sectional study conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam,
from January to September 2020. Four secondary schools were randomly selected in this study
from a list of secondary schools in Hanoi. The school principal and teachers were approached by
the research team and informed of the research content. The questionnaire used in this study was
submitted to them for approval before implementing data collection. Participants included students
aged 11–14 years, attending four selected secondary schools; and they, as well as their parents and
teachers, agreed to be enrolled in the study. The sample size needed for a school was 118 students
or 472 students/4 schools. An additional 10% sample size was added to prevent participants from
dropout or nonresponse, resulting in 520 students (or 130 students per school) being invited to
respond to questions about cyberbullying. Students participating in this study were asked to
complete an anonymous survey questionnaire. The research team directly distributed the
questionnaires to students.

Findings:
The 3-month rate of cyberbullying experience and observation among urban adolescents aged
11–14 was low. However, current coping strategies against cyberbullying were not sufficient.
Family support is an important factor that should be considered for designing interventions to
mitigate the impacts of cyberbullying on the mental health of adolescents.

There were 11.6 and 28.3% of students who reported that they experienced and observed at least
one cyberbullying act in the last 3 months, respectively. Among the victims, only 48.2% tried to
stop the perpetrators. Meanwhile, the majority of observers belonged to the “Intervene” group who
tried to report cyberbullying acts or help victims.Family support was found to partially mediate
associations between cyberbullying experience and observation with levels of psychological
problems among adolescents.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature:

It also has a clear outline that helps in making the reader and future researcher understand the
content of it. It also compared all of the data gathered to conclude and see the differences with their
data.

Type: Research

Title: Emotional and Academic Effects of Cyberbullying on Students in a Rural High School in the
Limpopo Province, South Africa

Author:Farhangpour, Parvaneh, Maluleke, Cynthia, and Mutshaeni, Humbulani N.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary: The investigation of Emotional and Academic Effects of Cyberbullying on Students in

a Rural High School in the Limpopo Province, South Africa appears that most youthful individuals
in South Africa are casualties of Cyberbullying. The study moreover positioned South Africa 28th
within the number of smartphone clients within the world. The number of dynamic cell phone
clients is additionally expanding each year so the number of cyberbullying cases is approximately
increasing. It's disappointing that no matter how much we allow direction to youthful individuals
cyberbullying still continues. This study also discusses the context of cyberbullying, relation of
cyberbullying with traditional bullying, effects of cyberbullying on academic performance, and on
psychological health of victims.There is no difference between physical bullying and cyberbullying
because it just gives both trauma and tragedy to an emotion so it should be avoided at all times.

Methodology: This study used a mixed research approach. Eighty participants consisting of 50
females and 30 males from grades 8 to 10 in a rural high school participated in this survey and 6
purposefully selected victims of cyberbullying completed an interview schedule. The research
design was a case study where the effect of cyberbullying among students in one school was
studied. The study adopted a mixed-method approach. A quantitative survey questionnaire and a
qualitative interview schedule were utilized in this study.

Findings: The findings showed that most of the participants (84%) owned a cell phone and up to
100% could access the Internet. They were also aware of cyber technology and made use of it
frequently; in this case, a large majority (84%) connected to social media sites more than twice a
week. This result points to the seriousness of cyberbullying and the victims’ levels of desperation,
feelings of powerlessness and suffering in isolation. Such feelings warrant immediate support from
home and the school. Cyberbullying also affected the academic performance of the victims in this
study, as more than half of the participants began to skip school and about a third of them thought
of quitting school.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature: In general, it can be seen in this literature that
the number of per student who falls victim to cyberbullying addresses the main problems of why it
occurs. It's really painful that other people can't ask for assistance because of shame and fear of
being criticized by other people. This study is of great help because we can give more importance
to the prevention of cyberbullying.

Type: Thesis

Title: The Incidence of Cyberbullying Among the Students at Pampanga High School.

Author: Isip, Karen Keith G.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary: The incidence of cyberbullying among students at Pampanga High School discusses the
appearance of bullying in Pampanga High School and distinguish the definition of bullying, cyber
bullying, who are usually the victims of it, and the law in the Philippines for anti-bullying. This
study discusses that one’s behavior has a connection in being a cyberbullies and bullied.

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the respondents' gender and the incidence
of cyberbullying. Researchers expect that there is a significant relationship between the use of
technology and the effects of cyberbullying experiences among the respondents

Methodology: The researcher uses a descriptive correlational research method in this study. The
respondents for this study are grade 7 to 10 students from Pampanga High School that are enrolled
in the school year 2015-2016 with a total population of 3,374. The study utilized the purposive
sampling and the instrument that the researcher used in survey questionnaire
Findings: The respondents “Moderately Agree” on the incidences of cyberbullying in terms of
environment with a general weighted mean of 1.79. As a regard to the use of technology, findings
revealed that the majority of the respondents answered “Often” with a general weighted mean of
2.52. There are no significant differences between the respondent’s gender and the incidence of
cyberbullying experiences at the level of significance of 0.05 with degrees of freedom of 28.
Cyberbullying experiences got a general weighted mean of 2.37 and a verbal interpretation of
“Sometimes”. Out of 10 identified cyberbullying experiences has a lower mean of 1.60. On the
other hand, two have a higher mean of 3,57 which is “Very Much Effect”. There’s also a positive
relationship between the frequency of use of technology and the effects of cyberbullying
experiences at 0.17 level of significance.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature: I perceive that in this study, Cyberbullying truly
affected the students. The strength of this study is people can learn by observing the behavior of
others, and the outcomes of those behaviors. And as far as I’m concerned, the weakness of this
study is the behavioral problem of the bully and the abusers.

Type: Research

Title: Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying

Author: Kowalski, Robin M., Limber, Susan

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary: Summary: Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and

Traditional Bullying, discusses Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying and how it affects the
children and adolescents in different aspects. It also examines the experiences of them, including
measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, physical well-being, school attendance, and academic
performance. This study aims to examine children's perceptions of the seriousness of different
types of both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. They documented children who are bullied
may experience problems associated with their health, emotional well-being, and academic work.

Methodology: A survey developed by the authors and used in previous research assessed the
prevalence of both traditional bullying and cyberbullying, in addition to a variety of academic and
psychosocial factors that may be related to each. Participants were students at two schools in
Pennsylvania during the fall of 2007 who volunteered to participate in a school-based survey,
schools were located in a rural community. Surveys were distributed in all classes in grades 6
through 12, and all students agreed to participate.

Findings: Participants were categorized as belonging to one of four groups: cyber victims,
cyberbullies, cyberbullies/victims, and those not involved in cyberbullying. A similar
categorization was done with traditional bullying. Those in the bully/victim groups (and
particularly the cyberbully/victim group) had the most negative scores on most measures of
psychological health, physical, health, and academic performance.

Errors/ strengths and weaknesses of the literature: The study’s purpose only focuses on the effects
of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying, it only categorized the victims and bullies. However,
they conducted some surveys and know the results and percentages. The study aims to educate and
enlighten. Also to know the students' perceptions and how this issue increases as day goes by. But,
the study did not talk about how to prevent and lessen this kind of incident.

Type: Journal

Title: Cyberbullying: Hiding Behind the Screen

Author: Erin Peebles, MD FRCPC

Topic: Cyberbullying

Summary: Cyberbullying: Hiding Behind The Screen discusses the difference between
Cyberbullying, which can be more pervasive, and Traditional Bullying. The different forms of
Cyberbullying that can be performed in different social media apps or websites and how traditional
bullying is generally limited to school, and home is reprieve, and the large overlap of behaviors
between the two. It also explores the negative effects of cyberbullying on both the victim and the
bully, what health care professionals can do, and its law. Lastly, this study ought to prepare the
parents on how to prevent it.

Methodology: The research that was conducted is quantitative research. A study in the United
States involving nearly 4000 students in grades 6 to 8 showed that in the preceding two months.
There is also a Canadian study published in 2010 involving >2000 students. Using the Quantitative
data it expresses the amount and rate of the children that are victims of cyberbullying.

Findings: The study was conducted in the United States involving nearly 4000 students in grades 6
to 8 showed that in the preceding two months, 11% of the students had been cyberbully victims,
4% reported acting as cyberbullies, and 7% had been both a cyberbully and a cyberbully victim.
The Canadian study that was published in 2010 involving >2000 students in grades 6, 7, 10 and 11,
25% reported experiencing a cyberbullying event in the previous three months. Eight percent
reported acting as a cyberbully, and 25% reported being both a cyberbully and cyberbully victim.
The authors postulated that the rates were higher in their study because they did not describe the
activity as ‘cyberbullying’, but instead asked about specific behaviours (name calling, threatening,
spreading rumours, etc).

Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the literature: The study provides detailed information which is
a great help to everyone, especially for beginners as it stated important details of the topic that will
help to understand the topic much deeper and clearer. Added to strength is the way they put ways
 for the professional health workers to help the victims or the bully, it's important in real life for the
normal netizens, specifically to the parents, to be aware of what to do if their child becomes a
victim or a bully,. Also, the study focused on how to reduce cyberbullying through a law. But
unfortunately, the error I have witnessed is the study does not have a clear and detailed
methodology, which is difficult to the readers or beginners to identify on how a certain information
occurred throughout the study.

3. A literature review map

4. Write a 3- to 7 page (doubled -spaced) review of related literature. It must have an introduction, a
body, a conclusion as well as citations.

Review of Related Literature

Today’s generation is greatly influenced by technology. It becomes an

essential part of our everyday living, thus affecting the way we communicate with one
another. It makes our lives easier and faster than in the earlier days. People can now send
their messages to others within a second through E-mail or electronic mail with just one press
of a button. The continuous bloom of technology leads to inventing different kinds of gadgets
in the market for the people to use with different functions which makes the people’s living
much faster and easier than before. Additionally with the big help of the internet, it is easier
to access and gather information or just send a message using different modalities in one click
and even people outside the country could receive the message. Regardless of all the great
positive impact of the continuous bloom of technology, there is always a drawback. As
technology became essential all around the world and literally billions of people could access
all the information posted on the internet, bullying that usually happens face to face or also
known as the traditional bullying, also began on the internet or what we call the
cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is the act of harming or harassing via information technology
networks in a repeated and deliberate manner. As cited by Adel (2015), Camarines Sur Rep.
Rolando Andaya who authored the bill “Anti-Cyber-Bullying Act of 2015” added that
Cyberbullying is one such problem that the advancement in technology and social media has
generated. It can potentially affect not only school-aged children, but also any individual who
has access to a mobile phone or the internet.

Based on the following literature that the researchers gathered, numerous

data showed that the victims of cyberbullying are often high school students to higher
educational students. In December 2014, Paediatr Child Health published a research article
entitled Cyberbullying: Hiding Behind the Screen conducted by Erin Peebles that explored
the difference between Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying where in the former can be
more pervasive than the latter. The study analyzes the different forms of cyberbullying that
can occur on different social media apps and websites, and the negative effects on both the
bully and the victim.. The article also analyzes the large overlap of the behaviors between the
two different kinds of bullying, children who act as cyberbullies report high rates of being a
traditional bully, and are also traditional and cyberbully victims. Cyberbully victims report
high rates of traditional victimization, but are also involved in traditional bullying and
cyberbullying activities. And the study ended with important details about what professional
health workers can do to help a person that can be a victim of cyberbullying and the law
connected to cyberbullying. The study provided great exact details both for the victim and the
bully and even to the parents and professional health workers to understand the issue much
deeper but easier. But unfortunately, the error I have witnessed is the study does not have a
clear and detailed methodology, which is difficult for the readers or beginners to identify on
how a certain information occurred throughout the study. In January 2021, the Child Health
Nursing Research published its volume 27 with a title of Empathy, cyberbullying, and
cybervictimization among Filipino adolescents that was conducted in public secondary school
in Cavite Province, Philippines. This research study was conducted by Tadena Shannen, Shin-
Jeong Kim, and Jungmin Lee. The research was conducted to; identify the degree of empathy,
cyberbullying, and cybervictimization among junior high school students, to identify
differences in empathy, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization according to participants’
general characteristics, and to identify the relationships among empathy, cyberbullying, and
degree of cybervictimization. The research is outstanding since the research was conducted
methodically and it gives full data to support the research. The weakness of this study is it
uses self-report surveys in which there’s a possibility that the student misreported or over-
reported. The questionnaires also used may have made the students feel discomfort, anxiety,
and fear due to the questions. The Incidence of Cyberbullying Among the Students at
Pampanga High School conducted by Karen Keith G. Isip at Don Honorio Ventura
Technological State University, Bacolot, Pampanga on February 2016 is a thesis that tackles
about the incidence of cyberbullying among high school students in Pampanga from Grade 7
to Grade 10 using a survey questionnaire, the study also talks about how children that
experienced poorly managed conflict and parents who do not provide enough affection to
their children might lead into a more aggressive personality and worse, become a bully that is
exposed in social media. The study also defines peer bullying and how 95% of teenagers use
social networking sites to communicate with a peer and nearly 43% have been bullied online.
The study also talks about the “Anti-Bullying Act of 2013” law signed by the late former
President Benigno S. Aquino III requiring all elementary and secondary schools to prevent
acts of bullying. As a Filipino student, this study will be a big guide to everyone as it tackles
the law of our own country and how this study clearly defines cyberbullying and was done
meticulously. Cyber Bullying Among Learners in Higher Educational Institutions in Sub-
Saharan Africa: Examining Challenges and Possible Mitigations is conducted by Andrew
Makori and Peace Agufana, it was published on March 16, 2020 by Canadian Center of
Science and Education. This Article is focused on Cyber Bullying using Technology. It
reveals the devastating effects of cyberbullying on students. Cyberbullying is cruel and has
negative social, physical, and psychological consequences for the victims. One of the primary
sources of bullying is Technology, because of easy access to information and interaction with
other people, it may result in Cyberbullying and Cyber crimes. Any bullying can be classified
as cyber bullying if it involves online or electronic devices, hurtful and harmful electronic
devices. The data collection survey research comes with a few drawbacks, surveys are
flexible because researchers can ask many different questions on cyber bullying topics. On
the other hand surveys are in many ways rather inflexible, let's say we do an online survey
and we have 384 Respondents, as responses start coming in, your phrasing on a particular
question seems to be confusing a number of respondents. When conducting interviews, a
researcher can provide respondents further explanation if they’re confused by a question and
can tweak their questions as they learn more about how respondents seem to understand them.
The VISTAS Online published a research article in 2016 with a title of Cyberbullying on
Social Media Among Colleges. The said article is conducted by Lakitta D. Johnson, Alfonso
Haralson, Sierra Batts, et al. from Jackson, Mississippi and they conducted the research in
Jackson State University. It is a study that discusses the negative impacts of cyberbullying,
cyberbullying on social media, and on college campuses. It provides numerous data of survey
regarding cyberbullying, and the data it’s collected to the Jackson State University where the
said research was conducted and it was collected. The research is informative and helpful
when it comes to the data regarding the victims of cyberbullying. The weakness of this study
is it focuses on the behavior of the victims and the bystander, rather on the effects of
cyberbullying to its victims. The data that was accumulated by the researcher shows that the
impact of cyberbullying to its student victims can deteriorate their academic performance.
Tons of studies proves the existence of Cyberbullying, especially to the younger ones but not
to the undergraduate students. Yehuda Peled on March 2019 published an article entitled
Cyberbullying and Its Influence on Academic, Social, and Emotional Development of
Undergraduate Students that examines the academic, social, and emotional development
influence of cyberbullying to the undergraduate students, the psychological effect, the types
of cyberbullying, and the common media where cyberbullying takes place. With the help of
638 Israeli undergraduate students, the researchers were able to gather information in their
survey they conducted. The study provided complete and exact details in all the contents
inside which will be useful to everyone especially to the beginners as it stated important
information needed. The International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research
published a research with a title of Cyber Bullying And Academic Performance that was
conducted by Dr. Qais Faryadi in December 2011. This research investigates the emotional
and physiological effects of cyberbullying on the university students.It goes on to discuss how
cyberbullying affects students' academic performance and how much the two are closely
connected. Examining the participants' experiences, how they handled such a situation, and
how it affected them mentally, emotionally, and academically. The primary goal of this
investigation is to identify and critically evaluate victims of cyberbullying. analyze their
emotional state and frame of mind in order to provide them with a conceivable and working
solution intervention in cyberbullying prevention. The study is remarkable as it provides data
that the negative impacts of cyberbullying on its victims can deteriorate their academic
performance. All angles could be taken, given their topics are all covered thanks to their good
instruments. All statements are also clearly stated and well supported with evidence of past
research. Datas are well laid out and well supported by their data gathering procedure.The
only weakness that this research has is it has only 350 samples thus the result of it cannot be
generalized. As a result of all the information and evidence collected by the researchers on the
effects of Cyberbullying, it shows that the victims suffer from different Psychological Effects
that possibly affects their daily lives activities. Kowalksi, Robin and Limber, Susan
conducted a research entitled Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of
Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying, published on September 2012, is a study which
tackles about the nature and extent of cyberbullying, the relationship between cyberbullying
and traditional bullying, and how it affects the adolescents in different aspects. The
participants in the survey came from two schools in Pennsylvania during the fall of 2007 with
a total of 931 students from Grade 6 to 12. The researchers also have recognized depression,
anxiety, and low self-esteem as a consequences of bullying and its measure as well as the
measure of traditional bullying, cyberbullying, school performance, and physical health
outcomes. The researchers have documented children who are bullied may experience
problems associated with their health, emotional well-being, and academic work. This
research study is informative and helpful with the clear information, specifically with the
effects of cyberbullying and in real life experiences of the children who became part of the
study. South African Journal of Information Management conducted a research study using a
mixed research approach and published in March 2019 entitled “Emotional and Academic
Effects of Cyberbullying on Students in a Rural High School in the Limpopo Province, South
Africa.” This research defines the relation of traditional bullying, whose victim is usually
relieved once they got home, and cyber bully victims receive attacks on their mobile phone 24
hours a day, 7 days a week. This study also identifies the Effects of Cyberbullying in the
Psychological Health of the victim wherein the victim often feel disconnected from school
and communities due to trauma they’ve got. Also the Effects of Cyberbullying on academic
performance means that learners who become a victim will not pay attention to the
schoolworks, stay absent to avoid getting bullied. The study had four Grade 8 classes, five
Grade 9 classes, and six Grade 10 classes and used lucky draws to pick and get the
information needed to complete the study. The information that was established in this study
was clear, exact, and detailed. Unluckily, the weakness I saw in this study is the lack of
respondents which I think should not be labeled as a generalized decision. The Frontiers
Psychology in April 9, 2021 published online a research with a title of Cyberbullying Among
School Adolescents in an Urban Setting of a Developing Country: Experience, Coping
Strategies, and Mediating Effects of Different Support on Psychological Well-Being that is
conducted by Anh Toan Ngo, Anh Quynh Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, et al. This research study
defines Cyberbullying as a prevalent phenomenon among adolescents. It also outlines
different supports to protect an individual in becoming a cyberbullying victim, specifically
Family support as the most important factor that should be considered. This study also
classified the coping strategies into four groups that could help the victims. Lastly, this study
proclaimed that evidence in Vietnam about cyberbullying among adolescents as well as its
social impact were limited. The 3-month rate of cyberbullying observation among adolescents
aged 11-14 was low. This research was meticulously and carefully done. It also has a clear
outline that helps in making the reader and future researcher understand the content of it. It
also compared all of the data gathered to conclude and see the differences with their data.

All the literature used to conduct this section of the study concluded the
same thing; Cyberbullying has types and it takes many forms to harass the victims.
Cyberbullying is threatening to everyone who is exposed on the internet and it could happen
24 hours a day and 7 days a week. Students were often the victims most affected by
Cyberbullying hence, they’re the ones who are socially active and aware of how these
modalities of Cyberbullying works. The students who were victimized by cyberbullying
experienced psychological effects that unfortunately, affected their daily lives activities,
including communicating with other people as the harassment they’ve experienced simulated
their self esteem and increased their anxiety. As cyber bullying becomes prevalent in this
digital age, the government becomes alarmed about data and news connected with bullying
and cyber bullying, leading to making some law regarding bullying. According to the official
gazette (2013), republic act no. 10627 is an act requiring all elementary and secondary
schools to adopt policies to prevent and address the acts of bullying in their institutions. This
literature review helps the researchers and students in providing information and evidence
that helps them to be more knowledgeable on this serious topic that is only around us and it
could happen unpredictable to everyone. Lastly, this literature review aims to spread
awareness on how serious Cyberbullying can be and how it will damage everyone’s lives/
 Rubric for Review of Related Literature:

1. Organization( The structure is intuitive and sufficiently inclusive of important constructs

and variables of the proposed study- 25%
2. Literature Review-( The narrative integrates critical and logical details from the peer-
reviewed theoretical and research literature. Each key construct and variable is grounded
in literature. 50%
3. Mechanics(There are no eros in punctuation, capitalization, and spelling- 10%
4. Citations(All works are cited done in the correct format with no errors)- 15%

Total: 100%