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9.1 INTRODUCTION
Time-domain analysis is the conventional method of analysing a network. For a simple network with first-
order difterential equation of network variable. this method is very useful. But as the order of network variable
...(9.1)
Pls) £ lf(]= J S)e"dr
=
.9.2)
is t 0 instead ofi =
0".
Here. the lower limit of integration =
The function ft) must satisty the lollowing condilion to possess a Laplace ransform.
.(9.3)
9.2 1lec a l Nenoks
u 01 =
u0)e"d
Fig 9.1
..(9.5)
L [u (t - a)] = JI.e" dr
Fig. 9.2
..(9.6)
r n] J rt)e" dr
=
Fig. 9.3
=
t e dr = (9.7)
and s ApplatoIS .
4nice I ransform
9.3.4
Delayed Unit Ramp Function
The
delayed unit ramp function is defined by the cquation
r ( t --u)
r(t-a) = t 1>a
and
$) dr = 1 I=0
.10)
..(9.11)
(0
9.4 letrh al Achrks
t lcos on] = t 0
...(9.12)
+(0
+a) .9.13)
Thus, the
transtorm of the
function ef) is obtained by putting (s + a) in
place of s in the transform of f().
(e sin or=
t*a)+
9.14)
Sr. NO.
F(s)
Fls)= ] ft) d
af,(0) +bf:) as)+bf,{s)
-a)u (-a) Fs)
( Fs+ a)
d) sFs)-f(0
f)dr F(s)
(Contd)
F
S. No.
ds
f Fds
-7)
17
19
20 s+0
Sin o
(sta)t 0
(s+ a ) w
VS)
() V()
i V() s (+)
i03
Li (0)
i(=dr
(9.23)
The corresponding frequency-domain relations are given as
V(s) =
s)+ O
...(9.24)
I (s) = Cs V (s) - Cv(0)
..9.25)
+O
(7) C V) (s)
-o
ig 9.9
F o r 0 ,the transformed network is shówn in Fig. 9.10
Applying KVL to the Mesh.
RI(s) + Lsl(s) = I ()
By partial-fraction expansion,
D
I(s) +
V
A =s/,=sMR
LAs-0
V
L--RIL
-
LJ
- VV
i ()
Fig. 9.11
9.8 Electrical Nenworks
RI()+ I(6) =
(s)
T(s) =
Fig. 9.12
RC
Taking the inverse Laplace transtom.
VT
Fig. .13
Ls
I (s)
Fig. 9.14
(s-s,Ms-s)
(9.29)
= - a+ ya - o =-a+B
A
= -a-ya--a-B
V.
I r a n s j o i (and l s
Appiicaltons
Aplde
where
VLC
and = y-
By partial-fraction expansion, ol 7(s),
B
A (s-)
=
75),,
B= (s-S2) 75)=s
V
0LG-s)s-s-S2J
Taking the inverse Laplace transtorm,
.9.30)
A +A, e
and are constants to be delermined and s, and s, are the roots of the equation.
where
A A,
the values of s, and s2, We have 3 cases of the response.
Now depending upon
When the roots are real and unequal, it gives an overdamped response.
Case
2 LC
a
In this case, the solution is given by
it)= e" (A, e +Az e-b
for > 0
When the roots are real and equal, it gives a crilically damped response.
Case
2L VLCC
a
j o
where
and
Hence
0)=e A e o+ A2 e"10t) -
+An at j5invat) |
=
e [(A, +A) cos
a4 +j(A1 -Az) Sin Al
e ( B , cos f + B, sin o) forri>0
1O V
6F - 3F Ve () VIS) (
9.15
Fig
Solution Alt
0, the network has attained
=
For
V3 F(0)=0
1> 0, the transtormed network is shown in
Fig. 9.17.
Applying KVI, to the Mesh
for t>0,
0
s6s1)-/)-1s 0 Ve )
I ()
10
)+)+)=
OS
Fig. 9.17