Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

QUESTIONS ON MEIOSIS (ENGLISH):

1. The diagrams below represent two phases of meiosis in a cell. The diagrams
are not drawn to scale.

1.1 Identify the following parts in Diagram I:

(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)

1.2 Identify the phase represented by Diagram II. (1)

1.3 State the number of:

(a) Chromatids in Diagram I (1)
(b) Chromosomes in the original mother cell (1)

1.4 What evidence is visible in Diagram I that meiosis is responsible for

genetic variation? (1)

1.5 Name and describe the process which is responsible for the evidence
mentioned in QUESTION 1.4 (3)

1.6 Name the organ in a woman where meiosis occurs. (1)

Answers:

1.1 (a) A – Centromere (b) B – Spindle fibre

1.2 Anaphase I

1.3 (a) 4

(b) 4

1.4 Chromatids contains different segments

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

1.5 Crossing over

Chromatids from each homologous chromosome pair overlap/cross
The point where they touch is called a chiasma
DNA is crossed over (swopped) at the chiasmata

1.6 Ovary

2. Describe the behaviour of the chromosomes during the different phases of meiosis I.

Answer:

2. BEHAVIOUR OF CHROMOSOMES IN MEIOSIS I

- During prophaseI
- chromosomes pairup/homologous pairs/bivalents form
- Crossing over/exchange of genetic material occurs
- between chromatids/adjacent chromosome pairs
- During metaphaseI of meiosis
- homologous chromosomes/chromosome pairs are arranged
- at the equatorof the cell
- in a randomway
- with the chromosome attached to the spindle fibre
- During anaphaseI
- chromosome pairs separate/chromosomes move to opposite poles
- During telophaseI
- the chromosomes reach the poles of the cell

3. The diagram below represents one of the two cells that formed during Telophase I of
meiosis in an organism.

3.1 Draw a labelled diagram to show the cell during Anaphase II of meiosis.

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

Answer:

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

4. The diagram below shows the arrangement of two pairs of homologous chromosomes in a
cell undergoing meiosis.

4.1 State TWO characteristics of homologous chromosomes. (2)

4.2 Identify structure A. (1)

4.3 How many of EACH of the following is present in the diagram?

(a) Chromatids (1)
(b) Centromeres (1)

4.4 Draw a labelled diagram to show ONE of the cells that would be
formed at the end of telophase I. (6)

Answers:

4.1 A pair of chromosomes that are similar in length

Carry genes for the same characteristics
Have alleles at the same loci
Have the same centromere position

4.2 Spindle fibre

4.3 (a) 8
(b) 4

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

4.4

VRAE OOR MEIOSE (AFRIKAANS):

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

1.1 Die diagramme hieronder stel twee fases van meiose in 'n sel voor. Die
diagramme is nie volgens skaal geteken nie.

1.1 Identifiseer die volgende dele in Diagram I:

(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)

1.2 Identifiseer die fase wat deur Diagram II voorgestel word. (1)

1.3 Noem die aantal:

(a) Chromatiede in Diagram I (1)
(b) Chromosome in die oorspronklike moedersel (1)

1.4 Watter sigbare bewys is daar in Diagram I dat meiose vir genetiese variasie
verantwoordelik is? (1)

1.5 Noem en beskryf die proses wat verantwoordelik is vir die

bewys wat in VRAAG 2.1.4 genoem is. (3)

1.6 Noem die orgaan in 'n vrou waar meiose plaasvind. (1)

Antwoorde:

1.1 (a) A – Sentromeer (b) B – Spoeldraad/spoelvesel

1.2 Anafase I

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

1.3 (a) 4
(b) 4

1.4 Chromatiede bevat verskillende segmente

1.5 Oorkruising
Chromatiede van elke homoloë chromosoompaar
oorkruis
Die punt waar hulle raak, word 'n chiasma genoem
DNS/DNA word uitgeruil by die chiasmata

1.6 Ovarium

2. Beskryf die gedrag van die chromosome tydens die verskillende fases van meiose I.

Antwoord:

2. GEDRAG VAN CHROMOSOME TYDENS MEIOSE I

- Gedurende profaseI
- chromosome vorm pare /homoloë pare /bivalente vorm
- Oorkruising/uitruil van genetiese materiaal vind plaas
- tussen chromatiede/aangrensende chromosoompare
- Gedurende metafaseI van meiose
- rangskik homoloë chromosome/chromosoompare
- op die ewenaarvan die sel
- op ‘n ewekansige/lukraak wyse
- met die chromosoom verbind aan die spoeldrade
- Gedurende anafaseI
- skei chromosoompare/chromosome beweeg na teenoorgestelde pole
- Gedurende telofaseI
- bereik die chromosome die pole van die sel

3. Die diagram hieronder toon een van die twee selle wat tydens Telofase I van meiose in 'n
organisme gevorm het.

3.1 Teken 'n benoemde diagram om die sel tydens Anafase II van meiose te toon. (5)
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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

Antwoord:

3.1

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

4. Die diagram hieronder toon die rangskikking van twee pare homoloë chromosome in 'n sel wat
meiose ondergaan.

4.1 Noem TWEE eienskappe van homoloë chromosome. (2)

4.2 Identifiseer struktuur A. (1)

4.3 Hoeveel van ELK van die volgende is in die diagram teenwoordig?

(a) Chromatiede (1)

(b) Sentromere (1)

4.4 Teken 'n benoemde diagram en toon EEN van die selle wat aan die einde van telofase I
gevorm sal word. (6)

Antwoorde:

4.1 'n Chromosoompaar wat dieselfde lengte het

Dra gene vir dieselfde eienskap
Het allele by dieselfde lokusse
Het dieselfde sentromeer posisie

4.2 Spoeldraad

4.3 (a) 8
(b) 4

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Life Sciences Telematics resource Grade 12/Graad 12 Lewenswetenskappe Telematiese bron 2019

4.4

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