SHARDA UNIVERSITY

ASSIGNMENT

Name- Prince Kumar Singh

BPT 6th Semester
2018010405
Submitted to- Dr. Bhavna Mam
Biomedical Waste Management

• “Bio medical waste” is the waste solids, liquids, sharps,

& laboratory waste that are potentially infectious or
dangerous and are considered as bio-waste. It is the
waste from biological source or it is used in the
diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease.
• The Bio-medical Waste Management rules are
applicable to all persons who generate, collect, receive,
store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical
waste in any form.
• Laws of Biomedical Waste Management-
- On 20th July 1998, Ministry of Environment & Forests,
Govt. of India, framed a rule known as “Bio-medical
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998”.
Modified in the years- 2000, 2003, 2011, 2016, 2018,
2019.
- Provides uniform guidelines & code of practice for Bio-
medical Waste management.
• Sources of Biomedical wastes-
- Hospitals - Blood Banks
- Pathological Labs
- Dispensaries - Mortuaries
- Veterinary Institutions
- Research Centers - Funerals
 - Research and educational institution
- Health camps - Paramedics
- Cosmetic clinics - Vaccination camps

• BMW RULES- Schedules & Annexures-

18 Rules, 4 Schedules & 5 Forms-

- Schedule I - BMW color coding, collection, treatment
& disposal
- Schedule II - Standards for treatment and disposal
- Schedule III - Prescribed Authorities & Responsibilities
- Schedule IV - Labels for BMW containers and Bags

- Form I - Accident Reporting

- Form II & III - Application & Authorization document
- Form IV - Annual Report
- Form IV A - Annual Report by SPCB or AFMS to CPBB
- Form V - Appeal

Why BMW is important?

- 80% non-infectious (kitchen, waste, paper)

- 15% is infectious (dressings, anatomical wastes, blood
bags)
- 5% is non infectious but hazardous (chemicals, drugs
& mercury)
 - When this 20% of the hospital infectious materials is
mixed with 80%
Then all the 100% waste becomes hazardous & infectious,
hence segregation should be at sources.

• Classification of Bio-medical Waste-

Biomedical waste

Non-Hazardous Hazardous(10-
(75-90%) 25%)

eg- food, fruits,

wash water, paper Other Hazardous
Infectious (15-18%)
cartoons, packing (5-7%)
material etc.

• Health Hazards of Health Care Waste-

- Infectious Waste & Sharps – through puncture,

abrasion or cut or through mucous membrane, HIV,
Hepatitis B & C infection.
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Waste – Acute or Chronic
exposure may cause intoxication & injuries.
Disinfectants & other highly reactive chemical.
 - Genotoxic Waste – Inhalation of dust or aerosols,
absorption through skin, ingestion of food
contaminated with cytotoxic, drugs or waste.
- Radio - active Waste – Headache, vomiting, dizziness
etc & may affect genetic material.
- Public Sensitivity – Sensitive to visual impact. Human
anatomical waste.
• There are 03 Bins, 01 Container & 01 Box.
- Black – General Waste
DRY Waste - newspaper, paper, card boxes, plastic
water bottles, aluminum cans of soft drinks, packing
materials, food containers after emptying residual
food.
WET Waste - Organic /Bio- degradable waste,
construction & demolition wastes.
Other Waste - Electronic wastes, used batteries, radio-
active waste.
- Yellow (Solid Waste) – Human anatomical waste,
Chemical Waste, Drugs, Animal anatomical Waste,
Expired or Discarded Medicines, solid linen.
- Red (Recyclable) – Contaminated plastic Waste
generated from tubing, bottles, sets, catheters, urine
bags, syringes, fixed needles & gloves.
- White (Translucent) – Waste sharps including metals
like needles, syringes, tip cutter or burner, scalpels,
blades.
- Blue – Broken or discarded & contaminated glass
including medicine vials and ampoules except those
contaminated with cytotoxic wastes & metallic body
implants. Disinfection or through autoclaving or
microwaving or hydro claving and then sent for
recycling.
• Process Flow of BMW –

Generation Segregation Storage

Treatment &
Transportation Collection
Disposal

• BMW Management in CoVid-19 Special Focus-

- Individual/staff dealing with soiled bedding, towels &

clothes from patients with CoVid-19 should :
1- Wear appropriate PPE- heavy duty gloves, mask,
eye protection (goggles/face shield), long-sleeved
gown, apron (if gown is not fluid resistant), and
boots or closed shoes.
2- Never carry soiled linen against body; place soiled
linen in a leak-proof bag or bucket.
3- Perform hand hygiene after blood/body fluid
exposure and after PPE removal.

• GOOD PRACTICES – Bags to be filled with only 2/3rd

capacity.
• Treatment & Disposal of Waste-

- Biomedical Waste – Anatomical waste should be deep

buried. Syrings to be cut with hubcutter. Infected
plastics should be chemically autoclave, recycled or
sent for final disposal into municipal dumps.
- There are following methods of treatment-
1- Incineration- It is a process in which waste is
destructed in furnance by controlled burning at high
temperature.
2- Autoclaving- This process is used for microbiology
lab. Waste, human blood or any fluid waste. It is a
time-tested process of sterilization of medical waste
using high temperature and high pressure steam.
3- Sharp pit- Sharp waste can be disposed into a
circular or rectangular pit.
 Hand Hygiene

• Five Golden Movements of Hand Hygiene-

1- Before touching a patient.

2- Before clean/aseptic procedures.
3- After body fluid exposure/risk.
4- After touching a patient.
5- After touching patient surroundings.

• Using your hands-

- Keep hands away from eyes, nose & mouth.
- Avoid touching surfaces constantly being touched.

• Most important measure-

Proper hands washing:
• Why to wash hands frequently-

- To avoid spread of bacteria and viruses.

- To avoid food borne illness.

• When to wash hands-

- Hands that are visibly soiled or potentially grossly
contaminated must by washed with liquid soap and
water.
• How to wash hands –

- Wet hands with running water.

- Rub hands together with soap and lather well,
covering all surfaces for 15 to 29 sec.
- Weave fingers and thumbs together and slide them
back and forth.
- Rinse hands under a stream of clean, running warm
water until all soap is gone.
- Blot hands dry with a clean towel or hot air.

• Types of Hand Hygiene-

1- Hand wash – 40-60second for visibly soiled hands &

after using alcohol gel several times .When
handling patients colonized/infected with spore-
forming organisms.
2- Hand rub – 20-30second alcohol-based rub. For
hands that are not visibly soiled.
3- Hand scrub – brush and nail file. 5 minutes (1st wash
of the day); 2-3 minutes (in between operations).
• Various Hand Decontaminants-
- Soap Solution
- Aqueous Antiseptic Solutions.
 - Povidine Iodine.
- Alcohol Hand-Rubs, Gel & Wipes.

• Benefits of Hands Hygiene-

- Reduces infection as a result it saves lives.

- Reduces morbidity
- Reduces costs related to health care associated
infections.