THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

THE SCHOOL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION

NAME: NGUNGA N. SHADRICK

SIN: 17110570
PROGRAM: QUANTITY SURVEYING
COURSE: ADVANCED MEASUREMENT
CODE: ESB/Q 530
TASK: ASSIGNMENT TWO
LECTURER: MR. MILANDU
Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3
DISPLACEMENT PILES OPERATION AND INSTALLATION ............................................................................... 3
DISPLACEMENT PILES OPERATION AND INSTALLATION ............................................................................... 4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................................. 6
INTRODUCTION
Piling operations involve several steps. Including preparing the site, positioning and
installing the piles, and testing and verifying the pile capacity. The preparation of the site
involves clearing the area and setting up access to equipment. Installation varies
depending on the type of pile and soil conditions. Some of the common methods include
driven piles, bored piles, screw piles, and sheet piles. These piles are installed using
specialized equipment which will be discussed below.

DISPLACEMENT PILES OPERATION AND INSTALLATION

Displacement piles are a type of deep foundation that relies on the soil being displaced
around the pile as it is driven into the ground. The following steps and equipment are
commonly used during the installation of displacement piles:

1. Site preparation: Before installing the piles, the site needs to be cleared and leveled.
Access to the site must be provided for equipment and material delivery.

3. Pile design: The pile design is based on the load requirements, soil conditions, and
the expected performance of the pile. The pile diameter, length, and reinforcement
details are determined during this stage.

3. Pile driving: Displacement piles are typically installed using hydraulic hammers or
vibratory drivers. The hammer is attached to the top of the pile and repeatedly strikes it
to drive it into the ground. Vibratory drivers are used to creating a vibration that helps
the pile penetrate the soil.

4. Pile verification: After the pile has been driven to the desired depth, its bearing
capacity is verified by performing a static load test or a dynamic load test. The test data
is used to ensure that the pile is capable of supporting the intended load.

The following equipment is commonly used during the installation of displacement piles:

Hydraulic hammers use high-pressure hydraulic fluid to drive the pile into the ground.
The hammer is attached to the top of the pile, and the hydraulic fluid is supplied by a
power pack located nearby. Then vibratory drivers are used to creating a vibration that
helps the pile penetrate the soil. The driver is attached to the top of the pile and uses a
hydraulic motor to create the vibration. Lastly, load testing equipment is used to verify
the pile's bearing capacity. The equipment includes load cells, displacement
transducers, and hydraulic jacks.
Overall, the installation of displacement piles requires careful planning and execution to
ensure that the piles meet the required specifications and are capable of supporting the
intended load.

DISPLACEMENT PILES OPERATION AND INSTALLATION

Drilled piles, also known as replacement piles, are installed by drilling a hole into the
ground and then filling it with concrete or a steel reinforcement cage.
The following steps and equipment are commonly used during the installation of
drilled/replacement piles:

1. Before installing the piles, a site investigation is carried out to determine the soil conditions
and the location of any underground utilities or structures.

2. The pile design is based on the load requirements, soil conditions, and the expected
performance of the pile. The diameter, length, and reinforcement details of the pile are
determined during this stage.

3. A borehole is drilled into the ground to the required depth and diameter. The borehole is
typically supported by drilling fluid to prevent collapse and stabilize the soil.

4. Once the borehole is drilled, a steel reinforcement cage is lowered into the hole. The cage is
made up of longitudinal bars and ties that are connected together to form a framework.

5. The borehole is filled with concrete using a tremie pipe. The tremie pipe is lowered to the
bottom of the hole, and the concrete is pumped into the hole from the bottom up, displacing the
drilling fluid.
The following equipment is commonly used during the installation of drilled/replacement piles:

1) Drilling Rigs: Drilling rigs are used to drill the borehole. The rig includes a drilling head that is
used to penetrate the soil, a drill string that transmits the torque and the drilling fluid, and a mud
pump that circulates the drilling fluid.

2) Reinforcement Cage: The reinforcement cage is made up of steel bars and ties that are
fabricated offsite and assembled on-site.

3) Tremie Pipe: The tremie pipe is used to deliver the concrete to the bottom of the hole. The
pipe is typically made of plastic or steel and has a conical hopper at the top to receive the
concrete.

FIGURE 1: A TYPICAL BORING MACHINE

FIGURE 1: STEPS OF INSTALLING BORED PILE

Overall, the installation of drilled/replacement piles requires careful planning and execution to
ensure that the piles meet the required specifications and are capable of supporting the
structure.
CONCLUSION
Generally, the type of operation and installation for piles is influenced by several factors, and careful
consideration of these factors is essential to ensure that the most suitable installation method is chosen
for a given construction project. Pile installation and operation are critical for construction projects that
require a solid foundation. Proper design, installation, and testing of piles are essential to ensure the
safety, stability, and longevity of the structure they support.
References
Fleming, W. G. K. W. A. J. R. M. F. &. E. W. K., 2012. Piling engineering. 4th ed. London: s.n.

Juntura, M., 2016. Pile driving equipment: A guide to efficient pile installation. s.l.:Boca Raton: CRC Press.

McNally, T. &. W. M. .., 2017. Drilled shafts: Construction procedures and design methods. 2nd ed. New
York : McGraw-Hill .