COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN TLE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY
Second Quarter

Prepared by:
RAYMOND G. PUNO
Teacher I

Noted by: Approved by:

NELIA P. ABAYA, Ed.D. ANGEL M. VILLAMIN, Ed.D.
Head Teacher VI, TLE Principal III
Chapter 3
The Network Devices

Network
A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to allow data sharing. An example of a network is the
Internet, which connects millions of people all over the world. Below is an example image of a
network with multiple computers and other network devices all connected.

Example of a network

Examples of network devices

1. Server
A server is a software or hardware device that accepts and responds to requests made
over a network.

2. Desktop Computer
A desktop computer is a computer that fits on or under a desk. They utilize peripheral
devices for interaction, such as a keyboard and mouse for input, and display devices like a
monitor, projector, or television.

3. Laptop
Alternatively referred to as a notebook, a laptop is a portable computer that is more
efficient, and nearly as powerful, as a desktop computer.
 4. NIC

Example of a network
interface card

Short for network interface card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and
network adapter. A NIC is a computer expansion card for connecting to a network (e.g., home
network or Internet) using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

Ethernet cable with RJ45

connector

Due to the popularity and low cost of the Ethernet standard, nearly all new computers
have a network interface build directly into the motherboard.

A network card is sometimes improperly referred to as a broadband card or Internet

card. The network card is what allows your computer to connect to the Internet (a network)
using a cable (Cat 5). That cable is connected to a router that allows your computer to use a
broadband connection.

LAN port

Alternatively referred to as an Ethernet port,

network connection, and network port, the LAN port
allows a computer to connect to a network using a
wired connection. The picture is a close up of what a
LAN port looks like for a network cable using a RJ-45
connector. The two led lights will blink when the port
is active.

Ethernet port
Where is a network card located in a
computer?

In a desktop computer, the

network card is most often located near
the USB ports on the back if it's an
onboard version. If it's a separate
network card expansion card (not
onboard), it usually is on the back of the
computer, near the bottom, taking up a
PCI slot. Separate NIC being installed in a motherboard PCI slot

In a laptop, the network card is integrated into the motherboard. The network port is
usually on the side on the laptop, or it may be on the back. If you cannot find a network port
on your laptop, it may only have a wireless network connection. You can purchase a network
card for laptops, which is installed into a PC card slot on the side of the laptop, if available.

Ethernet port in a laptop Ethernet port in the back of system unit

Bandwidth
When referring to a data connection, bandwidth, communication speed, or connection
speed is the total maximum transfer rate of a network cable or device. Essentially, it is a
measurement of how fast data can be sent over a wired or wireless connection, usually
measured in bps (bits per second). The more bandwidth a computer has, the faster it can send
and receive information.

Ping
Ping is the reaction time of your connection–how fast you get a response after you've
sent out a request. A fast ping means a more responsive connection, especially in applications
where timing is everything (like video games). Ping is measured in milliseconds (ms).
Packet
The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965. It is used to describe a
segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network. You can think
of it as a package filled with data being delivered to another area. A packet is used because it
divides data into easier-to-manage "chunks," which move information more efficiently and
keep network resources from being tied up by a single, larger file.

5. Hub
When referring to a network, a hub is the most basic networking device that connects
multiple computers or other network devices together. A network hub is designed to connect
computers in a private network, one that does not have any connections to sources other than
local computers (meaning, no Internet access).
When a hub receives a packet of data, it
broadcasts that data to all other connected
devices. Additionally, network bandwidth is
split between all of the connected computers.
So, the more computers connected, the less
bandwidth that is available for each computer,
which means slower connection speeds. Example of a hub

6. Repeater
A repeater is an object that increases a signal's strength,
so it can travel greater distances without a loss in quality. These
devices are commonly used with networks to help the lines
running between network devices reach farther destinations.
Example of a repeater

7. Switch
A switch is a piece of a physical circuitry component that governs the signal flow. Having
a switch or toggle switch allows a connection to be opened or closed. When opened, the switch
allows a signal or power to flow through the connection. When closed, the switch stops the
flow and breaks the circuit connection.
A network switch also connects computers, like a hub. Where the switch differs from a
hub is in the way it handles packets of data. When a switch receives data, it determines the
destination and sends it directly to that device. It doesn't broadcast the packet to all computers
as a hub does, which means bandwidth is not shared and makes the network much more
efficient. For this reason alone, switches are more intelligent and preferred to a hub.
On a network, a switch is a hardware device that filters and forwards network packets,
but is often not capable of much more. A network switch is more advanced than a hub, but not
as advanced as a router.
 Example of a network switch

8. Modem

A modem or broadband modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or

router to a broadband network. For example, a cable modem and DSL modem are two
examples of these types of Modems.

Example of a cable modem

9. Router

A router is hardware device designed to receive, analyze and move incoming packets
to another network. It may also be used to convert the packets to another network interface,
drop them, and perform other actions relating to a network.
A router has a lot more capabilities than other network devices, such as a hub or a
switch that are only able to perform basic network functions. For example, a hub can transfer
data between computers or network devices but doesn't analyze or do anything with the
transferred data. By contrast, routers can analyze the data sent over a network, change how it
is packaged, and send it to another network or over a different network.

Router front view Router back view

Modem Vs Router
Your modem is a box that connects your home network to the wider Internet. A router
is a box that lets all of your wired and wireless devices use that Internet connection at once
and also allows them to talk to one another without having to do so over the Internet. Often,
your Internet service provider will give you one box that serves as both modem and router.

While these devices do different things, they can physically look similar and act similarly. For
example, both devices:
• Have indicator lights
• Have Ethernet ports on the back
• Transmit data from one source to another destination (i.e. ISP to the modem to the
router)

These similarities can make it easy to get modems and routers confused if you are not familiar
with them. Here are a few things to look for so that you can tell your modem and router apart:
Modem features:
• Has fewer Ethernet ports than a router
• Has a public IP address
• Use a wide area network (WAN)

Router features:
• Has a private IP address
• Distribute on a local area network (LAN)

10. Access point

Alternatively referred to as a base station and
wireless router, an access point is a wireless receiver
for connecting wirelessly to a network or the Internet.

Example of an Access Point

11. Bridge
A bridge, network bridge, or bridging is a device
that connects two LANs (local area networks) or two
segments of the same LAN. With the OSI model, bridging
happens in the data link layer.

Example of a Network Bridge

 Chapter 3 – Network Devices
Activity Sheet
Activity 1 – Multiple Choice
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your answer sheets.
1. A collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other
devices connected to allow data sharing.
a. Laptop b. Server c. Network d. Radio
2. A computer expansion card for connecting to a network using an Ethernet cable with
an RJ-45 connector.
a. Graphics card b. RAM c. Hub d. NIC
3. Where will you install a network card in a motherboard?
a. Ethernet port b. USB port c. PSI slot d. RAM slot
4. TRUE or FALSE. If you cannot find a network port on your laptop, it may only have a
wireless network connection.
a. TRUE b. FALSE
5. It is a measurement of how fast data can be sent over a wired or wireless connection.
a. Data cap b. Ping c. Bandwidth d. Speed boost
6. What is the unit of measurement for bandwidth?
a. GHz b. bps c. Gigabyte d. ms
7. This device is more powerful and efficient than a hub because it forwards packet
directly to the receiving device.
a. Access Point b. Repeater c. Switch d. Modem
8. A segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network.
a. Ping b. Packet c. Bandwidth d. Data cap
9. A hardware device that connects a computer or router to a broadband network.
a. Modem b. Router c. Hub d. Switch
10. A device designed to receive, analyze and move incoming packets to another network.
a. Hub b. Switch c. Router d. Modem

Activity 2 – Performance task

Direction. Using a cardboard or any material available at your homes, make a miniature
cardboard model of the following network devices:
a. Router
b. Switch
c. Hub
Criteria Percentage
Relevance to the topic 30
Creativity/ Aesthetic 25
Cleanliness of output 15
Use of material 30
Total 100