REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

BIOLOGY II
EASTRERN PROVINCE
2022-2023
15/03/2023 8:30AM-11:30AM

RWAMAGANA DISTRICT
ADVENCED LEVEL DISTRICT COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT FOR THE SECOND TERM, 2022-2023.
/100marks

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY II
LEVEL: SENIOR five (S5)

DURATION:3 HOURS
COMBINATIONS:

MATHEMATICS -CHEMISTRY-BIOLOGY (MCB)

PHYSICS –CHEMISTRY- BIOLOGY (PCB)
BIOLOGY – CHEMISTRY – GEOGRAPHY (BCG)
ASSOCIATED NURSING PROGRAM (ANP)

INSTRUCTIONS:

1) Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
2) This paper consists of TWO sections: A and B
SECTIONA: Attempt all questions (70marks)
SECTIONB: Attempt any three questions (30marks)

3) Calculator and mathematical instruments may be used.

4) Use only a blue or black pen.

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SECTIONA: Attempt all questions (70marks)

1. a) Explain the following. (1.5 marks)

i) Parasitism
ii) Predation
iii) Commensalism
b) State the significance of organism’s interaction in the nature.
(1.5marks)
c) With one example describe how saprophyte helps in recycling
minerals. (1mark)
2. a) Name the plant tissues involved in. (1 mark)
i) Transpiration
ii) Translocation
b) Give one factor that influence. (2marks)
i) Capillarity
ii) Root pressure
3. a) The diagrams below show four animal cells at different stages of
mitosis.

a) Name the structures labelled A, B, C and D.(2 marks)

b) Name the stages of division shown by cells 1 and 3. (1 mark)
c) Use the numbers of each cell to arrange the stages in the
correct sequence of mitosis. (1 mark)

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 d) How does mitosis maintain genetic stability in an organism?
(1 mark)
4. Explain which way water will move by osmosis in each of the
following sets of cells. .(3 marks)

5. Describe how air is moved into the lungs and out again. (3 marks)
6. Compare and contrast DNA replication and translation
of protein synthesis. (4 marks)

7. Copy the table below and place a tick or cross in each box
as appropriate. (5marks)
Process Uses Uses Specif Controlla
proteins ic b le by
energy cell
in the form
of ATP
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitat
ed
diffusion
Active
transport
Endocytosis
and
exocytosis

8. a) Plant cells that have a water potential of – 600 kPa are

placed in solutions of different water potentials. State in
each of the following cases whether after 10 minutes the
cells would be:
 Turgid
 Plasmolysis
 Incipient
 Plasmolys
is
Solution A =400Kpa
Solution B = -600 KPa
Solution C = -900 KPa

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Solution D = pure water. (2 marks)

b) If an animal cell with a potential of - 7OO KPa was placed

in each of the solutions above; in which solutions is it likely
to burst? (1 mark)
c) Give two main differences between diffusion and active
transport. (1 mark)
9. Outline the effects of long-term smoking on the cardiovascular system.(2
marks)

10. The drawing show

a) Name X, Y and Z. (1.5 marks)

b) In which direction are the ribosomes moving?
Explain how you were able to decide on their
direction of movement. (1.5 marks)
11. a) Explain, using examples, why large organisms need special
surfaces for gaseous exchange. (2 marks)
b) State the functions of the following components of the mammalian lungs:

i) Cilia (0.5mark)
ii) Goblet cells (0.5 mark)
iii) Elastic tissue (0.5 mark)
iv) Alveoli (0.5 mark)
12. The control of blood glucose concentration involves
a negative feedback mechanism.
a) What are the stimuli, receptors and effectors in this
control mechanism? (3 marks)
b) Explain how negative feedback is involved in this
homeostatic mechanism. (2 marks)
13. The diagram shows the sequence of bases in a short
length of mRNA.
AUGGCCUCGAUAACGGCCACCUAA
a) What is the maximum number of amino acids in
the polypeptide for which this piece of mRNA code?
(1 mark)

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 b) How many different types of tRNA molecule would
be used to produce a polypeptide from this piece
of mRNA? (1mark)
c) Give the DNA sequence which would be
complementary to the first 6 bases in this piece
of mRNA? (2 marks)
d) Name the process by which mRNA is formed in the nucleus.
(1mark)
e) Give two ways in which the structure of a molecule
of tRNA differs from the structure of a molecule of
mRNA. (1 mark)
14. The diagram below represents a mammalian
respiratory organ

a) Identify this organ and state where it is found. (1mark)

b) State four characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces
which can be observed in this organ. (2marks)
Cigarette smoke contains tar, nicotine and carbon
monoxide. Tar contains carcinogens.
c) Describe the effect of tar on the lining of the bronchi in
the lungs. (2 marks)
d) Describe the effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide on
the cardiovascular system. (2 marks)

15. The diagram below represents the epidermis of the

leaf

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 a. Name the parts marked E, F and G. (1.5 marks)
b. State two aspects of cell E that are an adaptation to its
function. (1 mark)
c. Describe the changes that would take place in E if
the cells were placed in concentrated sugar solution
for a long period. (2 marks)

1 6 . a) The rate of photosynthesis can be limited by

limiting factors. Explain how the temperature can be a
limiting factor in photosynthesis. (1.5 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows certain reactions that took
place in the light independent reactions of
photosynthesis.

(i)Name the substances represented by the letters X and Y.

(1 marks)
(ii) Explain the origin of NADPH + H+ and the ATP used
in the light independent reactions. (1 mark)
(c) Describe how the products of photosynthesis are
transported in plants. (3 marks)

SECTION B ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS

17. Write an account of the cell cycle, involving a

mitotic nuclear Cell division, highlighting the events
occurring in each stage (10 marks)
18.
a) Describe the role of RNA polymerase in transcription. (2
marks)
b) Which other enzyme is involved in transcription and
what is its role? (2 marks)
c) Why is splicing of pre-mRNA necessary? (2 marks)
d) A sequence of bases along the template strand of
DNA is ATGCAAGTCCAG.
i. What is the sequence of bases on a messenger

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 RNA molecule that has been transcribed from
this part of the DNA molecule? (1 mark)
ii. How many amino acids does the sequence code for? (1
mark)
e) A gene is made up of 756 pairs. The mRNA that is transcribed
from this gene is only 254 nucleotides long. Explain why there
is this difference. (2 marks)

19. An experiment was carried out with two groups of

people. Group X has type I diabetes mellitus while group Y did not
(control group). Every 15 minutes blood samples were taken from
all members of both groups and the mean of levels of insulin,
glucagon, and glucose were calculated. After an hour, every
person was given a glucose drink. The results are shown in the
figure below:

a) Name a hormone other than insulin and glucagon that

is involved in regulating blood glucose levels. (1 mark)
b) State two differences between groups X and Y in the
way insulin secretion responds to the drinking of
glucose. (2 marks)
c) Suggest a reason why the glucose level falls in both
groups during the first hour. (1 mark)
d) Using information from the graphs, explain the
changes in the blood glucose level in group Y after the
glucose drink. (3 marks)
e) Explain the differencein blood glucose level in

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 group X compared to group Y. (2 marks)
f) Suggest what might happen to the blood glucose level
of group X if they had no food intake over the next 24
hours. (1 mark)
20. Write an account on the flow hypothesis of translocation
of sugar in phloem (10marks)
21. The diagram below shows an outline of the
main stages in the Hatch and Slack pathway in a C4
plant.

a) Give the name of cell A and cell B. (2 marks)

b) Name the enzyme X and enzyme Y.(2 marks)
c) State two differences between the mode of action of
enzyme X and enzyme Y. (2 marks)
d) Name the substances P, Q, R and S. (2 marks)
e) State the importance of Hatch and Slack pathway. (2 marks)

END