4 CATtech-1 Gidi thiéu chung vé hién tuong xtc tac Introduction to catalytic phenomena NOi dung a Gi6i thigu v8 xic tac Co ché cia phan Ging xi tac Hap phy héa hoc trén xu téc ran Hoat tinh cia chdt xic tac (catalyst activity) 8 chon Ige ada chat xe to (catalyet selectivity) Tudi tho cia chat xic tac (catalyst stability) 1. Gidi thigu vé xtc tac & + 90% cac qua trinh c6ng nghé héa hoc: CN sn xuat hda chat, Thyc phém, Héa dau, duge pham, + La chia khéa trong viée tim ra céc ting dung méi trong cdc linh ve: Mai truéng, ‘nang long, Pin nhién liéu, Héa hoc xanh, ‘ng nghé nano, céng nghé sinh hoc... 4 1 (Meactan) \ Catalyst Cat.-React. v P'(Proauc) rms |hoc nhung khdng bi teu tén bdi phan Ung. a + James Richardson (1989): 1a chat tang t6c 49 cia qua trinh tién dén trang thai can bang 1. Gidi thigu vé xc tac + Berzelius (1896): 1a chdt am Maina tang tbe 46 cca phan ting héa oun mee ccd phan ng héa hoc ma kenéng tham gia mét eéch vin vin trong phan ting 1. Gidi thigu vé xc tac A Peco + Chat xtic tae chi anh hudng dén téc d6 cla phan ting, né khong ca ca lam thay d6i thong sé. nhigt dong cung nh’ thanh phan can bang. IN, + 3H; © 2NH,, xe tie: FeIK,OV/AL,0/Ca0MgOCatalyst types in industry . Gidi thigu vé xc tac 1. Gidi thigu vé xc tac + Phan Ung xtic tac di thé la phn tng ma trong do chat xuc tac va chat ahan Ung la hai pha khac nhau, va phan ting xay ra trén bé mat phan chia gira 2 pha. + Biém thuda Igi chinh ca xtc tac di thé (thuong 6 dang rn) Ia vige téch chat xtc tac dé dang khéi hén hgp cac tac chat va san pham. 1. Gidi thigu vé xc tac Chat phin img ‘Chat vite tie long long wn Tong = Khi win Khi= kh rin Kiki long long long ki "Tht bj phi dng xe te dj tn ting hop NH, {ing ty Topsoe, 1500 tin/ngay)1. Gidi thigu vé xtc tac a * Cie dae tring: (1)Vé can bang héa hoc (2)Xuc tac phan cng thuan/nghich (3) Su chon loc (tinh dac tho) (4) Tuéi tho 1. Gidi thigu vé xtc tac a + Cée date treng ciia qué trink xt tées (1) Can bang héa hoc cia phan ing co xile téc va khéng cé xe tac trong cung diéu kién [a nhu nhau: dong nur AH, AG, Ky li + Cav thong s6 anh nha. + Xiic td chi 66 tic dung tang te dé ede phan img mi cé thi xy ra dura. 1. Gidi thigu vé xtc tac a * Cie dic mg iia qui trinh xt tc 2) Do hang sé can bang khény thay déi A+BoC+D Kax= Kinto/Kognen = Const + Chat xic tas phai ting tc 46 ca phan tng thuan va phan ting nghich + Mot vat ligu xic tac 66 chive nairg tang téc 46 phan ung thudin (VD: hydro héa) 68 oting kim ‘ang t6c 46 phan teng nghich (dehydo héa) néu & diéu kign phan ting thich hgp. 1. Gidi thigu vé xtc tac & + Cie dae tring etia qué trink xtie tée (1) (3) Tin age tnavenon Ige: sin phim khong mong mudn vé mat déng hge sé déu e6 kha ning xy ra. Chat xii tae thich hap sé chi tang téc 49 mat phan {mg dé tgo ra sin phim theo yéu cau dic ra, diéu nay lam tng 49 chon loc cha qué trinh, Vid entation: HeooH + 0+ C0 Denylropenation; HCOOH ——> H, +0;& * we eS p—t son. [lemon Yee S ~0 BEES o cwoa . oyoH a Reactant st) Product selectivity fe Cina HO ecu Toms Catalyst see oye, ame wo EK bn ba = is Reactions ot SYNGAS: ‘ a inate anton sate sletvty sme ” se m 1. Gidi thigu vé xuc tac a 2.Co ae cia phan Ung xuctac di thé * Cae dée trung ciia qué trinh xiic tie (tt): (4) Tudi tho ova. ‘Process duration ova. 2)2. Co ché cilia phan Wng xuc tac di thé 7 bu@c trong phan tng XTDT 1. Kaubch tn (god ide cdt tong dng qu ip dng Hutch tn 2. Khuéch tn (rong) thc chil vt tong ce Gere) adn gn tim host to ave tes) Hap py (sort) ed tc ch rn cc tam host ton Phan tng én bb nat: bao ob sy chuyén ha as cht hah ce nd rng lan, Rhus tan an bo mahi ant pm ‘5 Gilt hp phy cesoton sn pdm Hh tm oat tian 1. Khubeh tin Qrong)sdn phim rakné Wxdp cia ch etc 7. Khuen tn (ogo sn pm qua lop ming qarh atx te v8 tong déng han hop kig, ym a 2. Co ché cilia phan Wng xuc tac di thé Co-ebé oxy héa CO trén xie tie PE ym 2 2. Co ché cilia phan Wng xuc tac di thé + 03 vung khéng ché téc d6 phan «ng trong XTOT: = Vung khuéeh tan ngoai = Vung khuéeh tn trong — Vung agng hee pnan ung pore khuéch tan * Ngoaira_obn o6 thé o6 qua trinh truyén nhigt Khéng ché, dac biét doi vai cac phan Wing toa nhigt (nhu’ phan Weng chay, steam reforming). 2. Co ché cilia phan Wng xuc tac di thé = Cac phucng phap lam tang tic do cia cac qua trinh khuéch tan: — Thidt ké thiét bi phan img = Thiét ké céu tric pore eia xe tée, kich thude eta chit xc te + Quan tam chi yéu dén phan ing trén bé Imm mat chal xuc tac va gia st rng day la qua trinh khéng ché (rate-determining step) cla toan b6 qua trinh xc tac dj thé.2. Co ché cla phan Ung xuc tac di thé + Hap phy trén bé mgt: ~ hip ph st Hipp hia boe GAP) + Trong xtc tie, hip phy hd eta APH NY ra + HPHH ign két héa hoc gitta chit bj hi phy (adsorbate)- te chat phan img vét bé mat chit xtc tie rin (adsorbent). => Phai tin tai cdc tam host tinh (active sites). 3. Hap phy hoa hoc trén xtc téc ran itn Coniorin coe van Wl fs, combo em, ‘Teapenae ge lv epee peal phempernae itatoatorion Ton he on TNO matron 3. Hap phy hoa hoc trén xuc téc ran 3. Hap phy hoa hoc trén xuc téc ran a Chartoton 8 ee ee Cte ae woe ste epee deni ne nn ra Jevsimcey lel tw) Man Fok oe Saher eoeng kip ee ) Nico cael eae eeahiny __Wahmenie ote eens can ee (© seanza ces. + sing chemisorpion; = weak chemisorption no chemisorption “Se: ge en natal apoach oa Wey Sn, 28. vm. ES3. Hap phy héa hoc trén xc téc ran Hap phy phan ly (dissociative adsorption) oo + Téc d6 nay c¢ thé duge thé hign & ahiéu cach khaic 2 ® - nha i ee tinh XT thé hign 6 space-time yield (STY): sry — leong sin phdim mong musn ay pores, Veer. time 4 4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | + Hoat tinh (activity) ctia m@t xiie tie chi toc 46 ma xtc tic lim cho phan img tién dén TTCB. 4. Hoat tinh cla chat xuc tac + TOF (Turnover Frequency) fing 6 lugmg ph iy rg tam d6 tro4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | + TOF (Turnover Frequency) Top tment of eaion mols vole Vi du: TOF ASi v6i qua tri hydo ha cyclohexene ~ gumber of celsvolume ~ volume tne ‘moles ™ 25°C va | bar eat oF) > Trong hu hét img dung tong cng Casphae Ugdphse inghigp, TOF khosing: (107 — 10°) (s) ® s 08 4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | + TOF (Turnover Frequency) 4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | + TON (Turnover Number) TON (sé ving quay téng) la sé wong phan tr phan img hay 66 vong quay xi tac xay ra trén mot tam hoat ;d0ng cho dén khi mat hoat tinh (decay) TON = TOF [tim Tifetime ofthe catalyst [ime] [-] Nike te 06 thi sing dung trong edng nghigp thing ob TON = 10-10" 4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | So sinh so bg host tinh xie tie 1, Téc d6 phan ting & mot dibu kién chudn 2. Hang sé téc d6 phan ung 3. Nhigt d6 cn thiét cho mot 46 chuyén héa cho true & digu kién 66 dinh rng 46 tac chat va dp sudt Téc dé thé tich (space velocity) dé thu duoc mot d chuyén héa cy thé tai mot nhiét 46 6 dinh trong diéu kign c6 dink P va néng 46 tac chat. >+ B9 chuyén héa (X) lia tac chAt A: [a ti s6 lugng tac chat A da phan ung va lugng tac 4. Hoat tinh cla chat xuc tac chat A nhap ligu vao. _ Na(Phan tng) ~~ 4 (nhép li 100% A 4 4. Hoat tinh clia chat xuc tac | + Space-velocity: bang luu lung thé tich (Vo) (MPVs, Vs,..) enia cho khdl IurgNg XUC tae (Meee) (g, kg,..) (hoae thé tich xtc tac Veg). Mo. Space velocity = Yo Space velocity =~ hourly space velocity (GHSV) [hr] + Di vii cha ling: liquid hourly space velocity (LISV) [b') oe 0 Marzten CoeeH OHH Mebaro syneis com, — reese cre reps [——* GHmat HO prehasie mam, Ohe-CH, ot (on Caio) on ox ‘Space velocity Ve! Mey ym 2 pee “ 4. Hoat tinh cla chat xuc tac 4 5. D6 chon loc cla chat xuc tac5. D6 chon loc cla chat xuc tac Desied product Parallel chat chuyén héa thanh san phdm P. Side “actions produets Phén A da chuyén héa think P = een 100% Téng leong A da phan ing a ‘Sequential erica reaction rms a rms 2 5. D6 chon loc cla chat xuc tac D6 chon Ioc (selectivity) S, 45 voi san pham P cia mot phan ung la phan tac 5. D6 chon loc cla chat xuc tac Néu phan ting tao P cé dang: UA > UpP ++ Np/Vp mm Sp= ee _. PY (M40 = MA)/Va 100% 5. D6 chon loc cla chat xuc tac5. D6 chon loc cla chat xc tac ‘Selectivity (36) Ie > Dé ben vé héa hoc, Catayst iB nhiét va co hoc cia chat eave cys asus ig it te xde din 6i 2 tho oi ching trong cée Pp uo 96.7 fT thiet bi phan img cong ™ $81 33 nghiép. a ins ° > "Tub th oba cht ic tae chia tic d6ng boi yéu ricticrredelcrats de ude Zee 16 vat vi hoa hoe. we . we * 6. Tudi tho ctia chat xtic tac 6. Tuditho cia chat xuc tac = C6 4 nguyén nhan phé bién: >» Chat XT bj dbu doc: Cac chat doc d6i voi xic tac thong thong: HS, PDH, 8, P > Tich ty cac chat trén bé mat lam can tre cac tam hoat dong va thay adi cdu trae 1d xép (vi dy coking...) > Cc qu tinh nh va vin c(t) an dn sip _gidm sé tam hoat tinh bé mat > Tam hoat tinh mat do cau tir bay hoi. Vi dy: sy tao, thanh hep chdt bay hot M{CO), Whi CO co met tong ‘dong tac chat hay san phim Ngo r, tub thp xc tc o6 thé gl do én twgng bj mai men (attrition) yma o 6. Tuditho cia chat xuc tac = Bo Qrobs Ae Se6. Tuditho cia chat xuc tac = oe mee me ee rae eed ies cua ne ma ieee icicarcoeiname are Crmacuse MIE NAL SH dmpinighs ‘coking, chat xi tac 06 thé duge tai sinh comp (regeneration) dé sir dung lai mét sé lan truéc khi CezuAlo sto siting ching hoan toan bi thai bd. 6. Tuditho cia chat xuc tac = 6. Tudi tho clia chat xc tac “ip ry aah ening in 0 rie hie a0, ‘ace Ce we ova. 4 6. Tuditho cia chat xuc tac = + Trong céng nghiép. thir ty wu tién trong chon Iya chat xuc tac la: Selectivity > Stability > Activity