READING AND WRITING SKILLS

THIRD QUARTER

TYPES OF CLAIMS

Name of Learner: _________________________________ Score: _____________

Section: ____________________________________________ Date: _____________

Background Information:

A reader assesses whether or not the writer's purpose is realized during reading. It is done by evaluating
the reasonableness of the facts, opinions, and inferences presented in the text. At times the information in
the text is explicit. The reader can see the information directly stated in the text. At times the information
is implicit. The reader needs to read between the lines to understand what the writer tells. When the
reader figures out what the writer means, he looks for his point regarding the topic. This point is also
known as CLAIM or central argument. An argument is composed of the writer's claim, categorized into
three different types — fact, policy, and value.

Claims of Fact are arguments that say something is true. They are bits of information based on reliable
authorities such as science or history. Validated data and statistics can verify them.

Example: Covid-19 is causing turmoil in 216 countries and territories worldwide.

Claims of Policy are arguments that say something should or should not be implemented- ed. These are
statements on courses of action or laws that must be revised or amended based on particular issues or
conditions. These claims propose that a specific problem needs to be addressed and that a plan of action
should be made to solve it.

Example: The personal decision to get or not to get a Covid-19 vaccine is a human right, so nobody
must be forced to have it.

Claims of Value are arguments that say something is essential. These are bits of information focused on
the goodness or badness of an issue. They are arguments about morality or philosophy. They try to prove
that certain values are more or less preferable and sensible compared to others.

Example: Scientific advancements such as gene engineering and stem cells have gone too far that
interspecies are made, such as animals having human organs.

Exercise A
Instruction: Read and understand each sentence carefully, then identify the type of claim each
represents.

1. It is better to get sunshine every day for the body to absorb vitamin D and other minerals than to hide
from the sun for fear of getting a darker skin tone.

Type of Claim ________________________

2. As of November 5, 2020, there are 130 country-wide school closures and 990,324,537 affected learners
due to Covid-19.

Type of Claim ________________________

3. Wearing of face mask can foster a false sense of security. It does not protect a person from the
coronavirus, but a healthy immune system does.

Type of Claim ________________________

4. Good manners and right conduct should be taught at home since it is not teachers' primary
responsibility to instill them.

Type of Claim ________________________

Exercise B
Instruction: Identify the following:
____________1 These types of arguments say something is essential. These are bits of information
focused on the goodness or badness of an issue. They are arguments about morality or philosophy. They
try to prove that certain values are more or less preferable and sensible compared to others.

____________2 This type of information requires the reader to read between the lines to understand what
the writer tells.

____________3 These are arguments that say something is true. They are bits of information based on
reliable authorities such as science or history. Validated data and statistics can verify them.

____________4 These are arguments that say something should or should not be implemented. These are
statements on courses of action or laws that must be revised or amended based on specific issues or
conditions. These claims propose that one particular problem needs to be addressed and that a plan of
action should be made to solve it. Instructions: Imagine that you are tasked to be a speaker in front of
your community's indigent members. Your goal is to successfully dis- cuss to them the disadvantages of
having a COVID-19 vaccine. Write your speech inside the box. You will be graded according to the
scoring rubric below.

_____________5. This type of statement enables the reader to find the information directly stated in the
text.

_____________6.This is composed of the writer's claim, which may be categorized into three different
types- fact, policy, and value.

Exercise C

Instruction: Read and understand each sentence very carefully. After, distinguish among the three types
of a claim by identifying whether each sentence presents a claim of fact, a claim of policy, or a claim of
value implicitly and explicitly made in a written text. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.

______________1. Successful national immunization programs depend on up-to-date policies and

effective strategies to achieve and sustain their goals.

______________2. Countries need to have strong mechanisms that enable informed decision- making
about immunization priorities and the introduction of new program strategies, vaccines, and technologies.

______________3. Deliberations about incorporating a new vaccine into a national immunization

schedule must include affordability and relative cost-effectiveness, disease burden, availability and price
of vaccines, and safety and suitability of available vaccine products for national pro- grammes.

______________4. The development and availability of many new vaccines targeting a variety of age
groups, the emergence of new technologies, the increased public focus on vaccine safety issues, the
enhanced procedures for regulation and approval of vaccines, the need to expand the immunization
schedule with consideration of all age groups and specific at-risk populations, are all demanding
increased attention

______________5. Recent advances in stem cells and gene engineering have paved the way for the
generation of interspecies chimeras, such as animals bearing an organ from a human species; thus, this is
a crime against humanity