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English 10
Quarter II-Module 2: Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value
MELC No. 4: Formulate claims of fact, policy and value

What I Need to Know

The second quarter of English 10 primarily focuses on your writing skills. Specifically, you
will embark on a journey towards understanding the key structural elements, language features,
and the different writing techniques you need in various types of writing endeavor.
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) will help you in formulating claims of fact, policy and
value. (Quarter II MELC no. 4)
Specifically, this learning material will guide you in attaining the following objectives:
1. Differentiate claims of fact, policy, and value;
2. Classify statements as claims of fact, policy and value; and,
3. Write claims of fact, policy, and value related to an issue.

What I Know

Let’s tap on your prior knowledge about the lesson by answering the following items.
Choose the letters of the correct answers.
1. It is necessary to come up with a valid and logical _________ in order for the audience to
understand your point.
A. claim B. evidence C. title D. conclusion

2. Which is not a description of claim?

A. A statement proven/supported in an article
B. The main topic of an argument
C. The writer’s beliefs or assertions about an issue.
D. Statements of contradiction about a common belief.

3. Which type of claim can be verified or validated by research?

A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Policy C. Claim of Value D. Claim of Construct

4. Which is not a key word in a claim of policy?

A. should B. must C. indeed D. ought to

5. A claim of value __________

A. poses course of action to be done B. tells information and opinion
C. judges the correctness of the idea D. nullifies the truthfulness of an idea

6. “Journal writing is a great way of enhancing brain functions.” This statement is a…

A. claim of fact B. claim of policy C. claim of value D. claim of construct

7. “Due to the benefits that it brings mentally and emotionally, educators should make journal
writing a permanent activity in their lessons.” This statement is a…
A. claim of fact B. claim of policy C. claim of value D. claim of construct

Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value

8. “It is only proper that teachers incorporate activities like journal writing in their lessons for the
great advantages it brings to the learners.” This statement is a…
A. claim of fact B. claim of policy C. claim of value D. claim of construct

9. “In writing claims, having a reliable and updated source of information is not necessary.” The statement
is…
A. True B. False C. Ambiguous D. Not clear

10. In writing claims of policy, one should consider writing ___________

A. reliable facts B. realistic actions C. moral judgements D. clear ideas

Nice start! Now, let’s get into the discussion to further enrich your knowledge.

What’s New

Here is a pool of current societal issues. Choose one and fill in the following concept map.

. A. Vote Buying B. Corona Virus C. Dolomite Beach

D. Illegal Quarrying E. Face Shields F. Cheating
G. Mental Health H. Politicking G. Historical Revisionism

What fact/s do you know What should be done What is the importance of
about your chosen in order to address addressing such issue or
societal issue? your chosen solving your chosen
issue/problem? problem?

As you answer the given questions, you are already formulating the three types of claims
in argumentations such as claims of fact, policy, and value. Delve in these concepts deeper as
you go on with the succeeding discussion.

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
 What is It
An important part of argumentative writing is the claim which is a statement that it tries to
support or prove. It is necessary to come up with a valid and logical claim in order for the audience
to understand your point. In this lesson, you will learn about the different kinds of claims and how
to identify which is the best one to use in your own writing
A claim is the main topic of an argument where the speaker/writer tries to assert on his or
her beliefs, ideas or actions. A claim is the central statement of a text that is being proven by
reasons, evidence, and supporting statements.

Three Types of Claims

There are three kinds of claim. We have claims of fact, policy and value.
A. Claim of Fact
It is a statement about something that is true or untrue, an issue, an idea or a controversy.
This type of claim can be validated or nullified by research or further investigation. Further, this
claim reports, describes, predicts, shows cause and effect or states that something has existed,
exists, or will exist. This type of claim requires evidence such as statistical data that are current,
accurate, and come from reliable sources.
Example:
Dengue is one of the major epidemics in many tropical countries around the world.
B. Claim of Policy
The second type of claim is the claim of policy. This is a claim that promotes an action to
be taken or discontinued for specific reasons. This claim shows that a problem exists and it is
good to solve it in a certain way. Key words used in writing claims of policy are key should, must,
and ought to.
Example:
Vaccines against dengue must be given freely in government hospitals or sold at a
massively affordable price in private sectors.
C. Claim of Value
This type of claim gives judgment about morality, beauty, merit or wisdom. This is a claim
that compares and contrasts a problem with a similar one in another time and/or place and is
claim that is based on preference such as likes or dislikes, good or bad.
Examples:
The government’s recent move to make dengue vaccines available to poor citizens is
highly appreciated.

Writing Claims in Argument

1. Be mindful of facts and evidences. Have a reliable and updated source of information.
2. Educate yourself well about the issue. Read more to immerse yourself with the topic.
3. Formulate logical and realistic course of action.
4. Be objective in making judgements about the issue
5. Include logical reasons and evidences.

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
 What’s More
Well done! Let’s see if you have learned something from the lesson. Accomplish the
following activities. Read and follow the directions carefully.

Activity 1: Determine to which type of claim do the following statements fall. Write F if the
statement is a claim of fact, P for policy and V for claim of value.
______1. Endangered sea creatures might never propagate ever again.
______2. The discussion of Math problems in language classes is a laudable action from the
teachers.
______3. Schools must evaluate the reading programs quarterly instead of annually.
______4. More professionals should be involved in campaigning for smoking ban in public areas.
______5. Language is part of the strong backbone of a nation’s identity.
______6. HIV cases are increasing day by day in the country.
______7. Removing Filipino and Panitikan courses in the tertiary level conveys a clear
misjudgment among its implementers.
______8. CHED should revoke its memorandum in removing Filipino and Panitikan courses in
colleges and universities.
______9. Lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility to 9 years old is utterly absurd
and shows lack of compassion toward young children.
______10. Couples who spend quality time with each other influence their children’s happiness.

Activity 2: Read the following text and extract two claims of fact, policy and value from it. Write
your answers on your answer sheets.

No to Lower MACR
According to scientific studies, the human brain does not become fully developed until a
person reaches their 20s. So why are our lawmakers adamant about lowering the minimum age
of criminal responsibility (MACR) to 12 years old, when even the current MACR, which is 15, is
questionable? The MACR should not be lowered to 12 years old because children are not
developed enough to fully grasp the consequences of their actions.
Many members of the legislative body of our government are pushing for lowering the
MACR from 15 to 12 years old. This move completely ignores the fact that the decision-making
skills, discernment, and maturity of children are still undergoing immense changes at this age.
They turn a blind eye to the hard facts presented by professionals such as neurologists,
psychologists, and educators that these children cannot be held liable for the crimes that they
commit. Putting children in conflict with the law (CICL) in jail does them more harm than any good
at all, with little to no evidence of successful rehabilitation.
Moreover, they will only put the children in further danger, and violate their rights, which
were agreed upon in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).
The fact that children have begun to commit crimes at a young age is precisely the reason why
we should be guiding them to the right path. Instead of jailing the children, the government should
strengthen existing laws that prohibit adults from taking advantage of children. Another possible
action that the government could provide is to enact programs that would help children develop
their full potential and lead them towards becoming functioning members of society. They could
collaborate with organizations whose goals are for the betterment of the lives of children.
Lowering the MACR is never a solution to increasing crime rate. Instead, the government
and adult citizens of the country should undoubtedly go hand-in-hand in making the country a
better and safer place for the growing generation of today and the future generations that will be
born in our land.

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
Claims of Fact
1. _________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Policy
3. _________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Value
5. _________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. Going back to the pool of issues in the first activity Choose two topics aside from the
one you have already chosen. Write two statements of fact, policy and value for each of the issues
that you have chosen.

A. Vote Buying B. Corona Virus

C. Dolomite Beach D. Illegal Quarrying
E. Face Shields F. Cheating
G. Mental Health H. Politicking
G. Historical Revisionism

Topic 1: _____________________
Claims of Fact
1. _________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Policy
3. _________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Value
5. _________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________

Topic 2: _____________________
Claims of Fact
1. _________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Policy
3. _________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________

Claims of Value
5. _________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________
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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
 What I have Learned

Compare and contrast the three types of claims that you have studied in this lesson. Fill in
the following Venn Diagram with key words and ideas only.

Claim of Fact

Claim of Policy Claim of Value

What I Can Do

Write a simple essay about the topic, “Should face-to-face classes be implemented in your
school/community?” Make sure that your essay will contain the three types of claims.
Highlight/underline and label your claims. Use your answer sheets to answer.

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
Assessment
Choose the letters of the correct answers.
1. It is necessary to come up with a valid and logical _________ in order for the audience to
understand your point.
A. claim B. evidence C. title D. conclusion

2. Which is not a description of claim?

A. A statement proven/supported in an article
B. The main topic of an argument
C. The writer’s beliefs or assertions about an issue.
D. Statements of contradiction about a common belief.

3. Which type of claim can be verified or validated by research?

A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Policy C. Claim of Value D. Claim of Construct

4. Which is not a key word in a claim of policy?

A. should B. must C. indeed D. ought to

5. A claim of value __________

A. poses course of action to be done B. tells information and opinion
C. judges the goodness of the idea D. nullifies the truthfulness of an idea

6. “Journal writing is a great way of enhancing brain functions.” This statement is a…

A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Policy C. Claim of Value D. Claim of Construct

7. “Due to the benefits that it brings mentally and emotionally, educators should make journal
writing a permanent activity in their lessons.” This statement is a…
A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Policy C. Claim of Value D. Claim of Construct

8. “It is only proper that teachers incorporate activities like journal writing in their lessons for the
great advantages it brings to the learners.” This statement is a…
A. Claim of Fact B. Claim of Policy C. Claim of Value D. Claim of Construct

9. “In writing claims, having a reliable and updated source of information is not necessary.” The statement
is…
A. True B. False C. Ambiguous D. Not clear

10. In writing claims of policy, one should consider writing ___________

A. reliable facts B. realistic actions C. moral judgements D. clear ideas

----End of Module----

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value
Key to Corrections

Answers vary.
What I can Do

Answers vary.
What I have Learned

Answers vary.
Activity 3
Answers vary.
Activity 2
10. F
9. V
8. P
7. V
6. F
5. F
4. V
3. P
2. V
1. F
Activity 1
What’s More
10. B
9. B
8. C
7. B
6. A
5. C
4. C
3. A
2. D
1. A
What I Know/ Assessment

References
2015. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature. Pasig City: Rex Bookstore,
pp.pp.135-136.
Journal of Advanced Research, 2020. COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and
characteristics of human corona viruses. 24(2020).
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Dn_HNibn95Bw17v9kRTku4xADBWDaquncxm
SkCSbzgU/edit#slide=id.g5a8a53d710_0_192

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Q2 Module 2 Claims of Fact, Policy and Value