A Research Project On

A Study On “BACKWATER TOURISM IN ALAPPUZHA(KERALA) ”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD

BSC .Degree in
HOSPITALITY & HOTEL ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by
STEBIN G BIJU
1941211054
Final Year, H & H.A

STATE INSTITUTE OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND

CATERING TECHNOLOGY
Thuvakkudi, Tiruchirapalli-620 015
TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Phone: 0431-2500 660, 2501 383 / Fax: 0431-2500 960

STATE INSTITUTE OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND CATERING

TECHNOLOGY

41
 THUVAKKUDI, TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620 015
Affiliated to National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Noida

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. STEBIN G BIJU final year student of Three year Bsc.
Degree in Hospitality and Hotel Administration has successfully completed his project
titled of ‘A STUDY ON BACKWATER TOURISM IN ALAPPUZHA(KERALA)’
during the academic year of 2019-2022.

Staff Incharge Guide Incharge

( MR. CHEF PARTHASARATHY) ( MR. PARTHASARATHY)

PRINCIPAL
(MR. SRIDHAR PENUKONDA)

Submitted for the Practical Examination held in 2022 at this Institute

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
42
I have great pleasure in presenting this project entitled “A STUDY ON
BACKWATER TOURISM IN ALAPPUZHA(KERALA)” and I
grab this opportunity to convey my immerse regards towards all people
who with their in valuable contributions made this project successful.

It gives me great pleasure in presenting this project report. Its

justification will never sound good if I do not express my vote of thanks
to our SIHM College. I would also like to thank our principal
Mr.SRIDHAR PENUKONDA.

I thank our internal project guide MR.CHEF PARTHASARATHY

who has done a lot to keep this project systematically and on schedule.
I am thankful for their valuable guidance to every stage of the project.
Finally, I would thank to all others, who give their extended support to
complete this project.

43
 INDEX

Sl.No TOPIC Page no

1 INTRODUCTION 8-11

2 OBJECTIVES 12-13

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14-17

4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 17-65

5 DATA ANALYSIS 66-98

7 CONCLUSION 99-102

8 ANNEXURE 103-107
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 108-109

Introduction
 Introduction

Tourism is the temporary movement of people to the destination outside their

normal place of work and residence the activities, the activities undertaken during

their stay in those destination, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.

Because of today’s continuously charging economic and social environment,

tourism will have to transform itself as the next century approaches. For instance,

increased sensitivity to the environment is but one of reshaping this far reaching

industry.

The village of Alappuzha is a cluster of little islands on the vembanad lake and this

small water world is part of the kuttanad region. The bird sanctuary here which is

spread across 14 acres, is a favourite haunt of migratory birds and an ornithologist

paradise. Egrets, darters, teals, water flowers, cuckoo, wild duck and migratory
birds like the Siberian stock that live there in flocks are a fascinating for visitors.

The best way to watch the birds of Alappuzha sanctuary is a boat trip around the

island. An enchanting backwater destinations, Alappuzha offers visitors many

other leisure options. Boating and fishing facilities are available at Alappuzha.

Holiday packages on the house boats, traditional kettuvalams are an out of the

world experience at Alappuzha. These are the some of the major reasons that

attract the tourist to come and enjoy in Alappuzha.

On the basis of that, there are major traditional backwater resorts are also there.

During some years ago, there was maximum five or six resorts was there. Now a

days Alappuzha developed as a tourist spot in Kerala, the tourist coming there as a

lot. Now a days tourism based in backwater resorts also improving a lot. About the

climate, the the local spring season emerges from august and concides with the

harvest festivals of onam. The highest and lowest temperatures recorded are

16.10C and 37.80C. There is always a cool, fresh breeze which makes even the

warmest weather readily agreeable. The south west monsoon is from early june to

early august. However, slight drizzle persists till early November. Average rainfall

is 100mm per year. The peak tourist season is from November to march. The most

revenue getting period of backwater resorts in Alappuzha is the month of

November to march .
The states palm fringed backwater are inland lakes connected by a network of

canals with 41 west flowing rivers, the backwaters stretch to almost 1900

kilometers. The backwater routes date back over the centuries and have been long

used for all transportation needs, in a particular trade in coconut, rubber, rice and

spices. Today, these waterways link remote village and islands to the mainland and

nerve centres of the central area.

All the major backwater resorts provide the facilities like open air restaurant and

closed setup serves Indian, Chinese and continental cuisine. Room service is

available 24 hours a day and a complimentary breakfast is provided each morning.

Other on site amenities include an ATM. Translation services, business services,

cell phone rentals, concierge, conference room, currency exchange, dry cleaning

service, laundry facilities, event catering, fitness facility and sauna, gift shop, full

service health spa with ayurvedic massage and picnic area with barbeque grills.

Also available are in room child care services for a fee, a video library, a two

wheeler for hire and a safe deposit box at the front desk.
Objectives
Objectives

• To have a study on various backwater resorts in Alappuzha.

• To have a study on factors that promotes backwater tourism in Alappuzha.

• To have a study on peak season and off season which the tourist visiting

Alappuzha.

• To have a study on various facilities provided by the backwater resorts in

Alappuzha.

• To have a study about the marketing methods used by backwater resorts to

promote tourism in Alappuzha.

• To have a study on future trends to be set up on backwater resorts in

Alappuzha.

• To have a study on tourist scope in Alappuzha.

• To have a study about problems faced by backwater resorts to promote

tourism in Alappuzha.

• To have a study about the different packages introduced by the backwater

resorts for the tourist and guests

• To have a study about the various routes to reach Alappuzha.

 Research Methodology

Research Methodology
Selection of area

The area selected for the study, is Alappuzha in Kottayam district in Kerala. It is

because Alappuzha is famous for backwater and associated with various backwater

resorts in Alappuzha.

Selection of subject

The subject for the research was the people in the locality of Alappuzha , Tourists

visiting Alappuzha they are the people who can give the information.

Selection of sample

The selection of sample was done by using convenient sampling method.

Collection of Data.

Primary data was collected by questionnaire and observation.

Secondary data was collected from books, magazines and internet.

Analysis of Data

The data collected was analyzed using percentage method supported by graphs and

charts
Parameters of research

The study was limited to Alappuzha, which is in Kottayam district, it is because the

research is mainly based n the backwater tourism based in resorts in Alappuzha.

Limitations

• Time span for the study is very less.

• All the limitations of questionnaire method is applicable to study.

• There was not much support from the local and tourist people.

• Lack of sufficient information from books and Magazines.

Scope

• To create awareness among foreign tourist about the backwater resorts in

Alappuzha.

• It helps to know the role of backwater tourism which helps in promoting

tourism of Kerala.

• Through this research the perception of the backwater resorts will be

recognized by the DTPC and will be promoted by tourism department.

 Review

Of
Literature
 Kerala Tourism

Kerala, a state situated on the tropical Malabar Coast of

southwestern India, is one of the most popular tourist destinations

in the country. Named as one of the ten paradises of the world

by the National Geographic Traveler, Kerala is famous especially

for its ecotourism initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions,

coupled with its varied demography, has made Kerala one of the

most popular tourist destinations in the world. Growing at a rate

of 13.31%, the tourism industry is a major contributor to the

state's economy.

Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a hitherto unknown

destination, with most tourism circuits concentrated around the

north of the country. Aggressive marketing campaigns launched

by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation—the government

agency that oversees tourism prospects of the state—laid the

foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades

that followed, Kerala Tourism was able to transform itself into

one of the niche holiday destinations in India. The tag line

Kerala- God's Own Country was adopted in its tourism promotions

and became synonymous with the state. Today, Kerala Tourism

is a global super brand and regarded as one of the destinations

with the highest brand recall. In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million

tourists–an increase of 23.68% in foreign tourist arrivals compared

to the previous year, thus making it one of the fastest growing

tourism destination in the world.

Popular attractions in the state include

the beaches at Kovalam, Cherai and Varkala;the hill stations of

Munnar, Nelliampathi, Ponmudi and Wayanad; and national parks

and wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam National Park.

The "backwaters" region—an extensive network of interlocking rivers,

lakes, and canals that center on Alleppey, Kumarakom, and

Punnamada—also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites, such as

the Padmanabhapuram Palace, Hill Palace, Mattancherry Palace

are also visited. Cities such as Kochi and

Thiruvananthapuram(Trivandrum) are popular centers for shopping

and traditional theatrical performances.

The state's tourism agenda promotes ecologically sustained tourism,

which focuses on the local culture, wilderness adventures,

volunteering and personal growth of the local population. Efforts

are taken to minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism

on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of

local people.

Historical context

Since its incorporation as a state, Kerala's economy largely

operated under welfare- based democratic socialist principles. This

mode of development, though resulted in a high Human

Development Index and standard of living among the people, lead

to an economic stagnation in the 1980s (growth rate of 2.3%

annually ) This apparent paradox — high human development and

low economic development — lead to a large number of educated

unemployed seeking jobs overseas, especially in the Gulf countries.

Due to the large number of expatriates, many travel operators

and agencies set shop in the state to facilitate their travel needs.

However, the trends soon reciprocated with the travel agencies

noticing the undermined potential of the state as a tourist

destination. First travel agency in Kerala, Kerala Travels was

founded by Col G.V. Raja of the Travancore royal family along

with P.G.C. Pillai and the third generation of the families run the

operations now. Having started out in 1959 in the corridor of

the staterun Mascot Hotel here, Kerala Travels now is present

in 122 locations in the country and 85 places across the world

through its arm Interserve Travel, which was founded in

1997.Kerala Travels has many firsts to its credit. Billed as the

first travel agency in Kerala, it was the first to come out with

a tourism brochure, offer Antarctica-Arctic packages and now is

working on an ambitious plan to send children to space.

By 1986, tourism had gained an industry status.

Kerala Tourism subsequently adopted the tagline God's Own

Country in its advertisement campaigns. Aggressive promotion in

print and electronic media were able to invite a sizable investment

in the hospitality industry. By the early 2000s, tourism had grown

into a fully fledged, multi-billion dollar industry in the state. The

state was able to carve a niche place for itself in the world

tourism industry, thus becoming one of the places with the

'highest brand recall'. In 2003, Kerala, a hitherto unknown tourism

destination, became the fastest growing tourism destination in the

world.

Today, growing at a rate of 13.31%, Kerala is one of the most

visited tourism destinations in India.

Major attractions Beaches

Flanked on the western coast by the Arabian

Sea, Kerala has a long coastline of 580 km (360.39 miles); all

of which is virtually dotted with sandy beaches.

Kovalam beach near Thiruvananthapuram was among the first

beaches in Kerala to attract tourists. Rediscovered by backpackers

and tan-seekers in the sixties and followed by hordes of hippies

in the seventies, Kovalam is today the most visited tourist

destination in the state.

Other popularly visited beaches in the state include those at

Alappuzha Beach, Attika beach[Thrissur],

Vadanappilly beach[Thrissur], Cherai

Beach, Kappad,Kovalam, Marari beach, Fort Kochi and Varkala.

The Muzhappilangad Beach beach at Kannur is the only drivein

beach in India.

Backwaters

The backwaters in Kerala are a chain of brackish lagoons

and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as

the Malabar Coast). Kettuvallam (Kerala houseboats) in the

backwaters are one of the prominent tourist attractions in

Kerala. Alleppey, known as the "Venice of the East" has a

large network of canals that meander through the town. The

Vallam Kali (the Snake Boat Race) held every year in August

is a major sporting attraction.

The backwater network includes five large lakes (including

Ashtamudi Kayal and Vembanad Kayal) linked by 1500 km of

canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending

virtually the entire length of Kerala state. The backwaters were

formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low

barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing

down from the Western Ghats range.

Hill stations

Eastern Kerala consists of land encroached upon by the

Western Ghats; the region thus includes high mountains, gorges,

and deep-cut valleys. The wildest lands are covered with dense

forests, while other regions lie under tea and coffee plantations

(established mainly in the 19th and 20th centuries) or other forms

of cultivation. The Western Ghats rises on average to 1500 m

elevation above sea level. Certain peaks may reach to 2500 m.

Popular hill stations in the region include Devikulam, Munnar,

Nelliyampathi, Peermade, Ponmudi, V agamon, Wayanad and

Kottanchery Hills.

Wildlife

Most of Kerala, whose native habitat consists of wet

evergreen rainforests at lower elevations and highland

deciduous and semi-evergreen forests in the east, is subject to

a humid tropical climate. however, significant variations in terrain

and elevation have resulted in a land whose biodiversity

registers as among the world’s most significant. Most of

Kerala's significantly biodiverse tracts of wilderness lie in the

evergreen forests of its easternmost districts. Kerala also hosts

two of the world’s Ramsar Convention-listed wetlands: Lake

Sasthamkotta and the Vembanad-Kayal wetlands are noted as

being wetlands of international importance. There are also

numerous protected conservation areas, including 1455.4 km² of

the vast Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve. In turn, the forests play

host to such major fauna as Asian Elephant (Elephas

maximus), Bengal Tiger (Panthera Tigris Tigris), Leopard

(Panthera Pardus), and Nilgiris Tar (Nilgiritragus hypocrisy), and

Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura). More remote

preserves, including Silent Valley National Park in the Kundali

Hills, harbor endangered species such as Lion-tailed Macaque

(Machaca Silenus), Indian Slot Bear (Melursus (Uruses) Ursinus

Ursinus), and Gaur (the so-called "Indian Bison" — Bos gurus).

More common species include Indian Porcupine (Hystrix Indica),

Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Gray Langur, Flying

Squirrel, Swamp Lynx (Felis chaus kutas), Boar (Sus scrofa), a

variety of catarrhine Old World monkey species, Gray Wolf

(Canlis lupus), Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus

Hermaphroditus). Many reptiles, such as king cobra, viper,

python, various turtles and crocodiles are to be found in Kerala

— again, disproportionately in the east. Kerala's avifauna include

endemics like the Sri Lanka Frogmouth (Batrachostomus

moniliger), Oriental Bay Owl, large frugivores like the Great

Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) and Indian Grey Hornbill, as well as

the more widespread birds such as Peafowl, Indian Cormorant,

Jungle and Hill Myna, Oriental

Darter, Black-hooded Oriole, Greater Racket-

tailed and Black Drogues, bulbul (Pycnonotidae), species of

Kingfisher and Woodpecker, Jungle Fowl, Alexandrine Parakeet,

and assorted ducks and migratory birds. Additionally, freshwater

fish such as Kadu (stinging catfish — Heteropneustes fossils) and

brackish water species such as Choottachi (orange chromide —

Europlugs maculatus; valued as an aquarium specimen) also are

native to Kerala's lakes and waterways.

Festivals

The major festival in Kerala is Onam. Kerala has a number

of religious festivals. Thrissur Pooram and Chettikulangara Bharani

are the major temple festivals in Kerala. The Thrissur Pooram is

conducted at the Vadakumnathan temple, Thrissur. The

Chettikulangara Bharani is another major attraction. The festival is

conducted at the Chettikulangara temple near Mavelikkara. The

Sivarathri is also

an important festival in Kerala. This festival is mainly celebrated

in Aluva Temple and Padanilam Para brahma

Temple. Padanilam Temple is situated in Alappuzha district of

Kerala, about 16 km from Mavelikkara town. Parumala Perunnal,

Manarkadu Perunnal are the major festivals of Christians. Muslims

also have many important festivals.

Radiation Tourism

Karunagappally Taluk in Kollam District is the

world's hottest spot of natural radiation. The radiation is caused

by monazite sands which contain the radioactive element, thorium.

The people in the area are exposed to radiation which is 10

times greater than the worldwide average. Tourist spots that offer

the chance of the Radiation experience are very rare in the

world.

Ayurveda

Medical tourism, promoted by traditional systems of medicine

like Ayurveda and Siddha are widely popular in the state, and

draws increasing numbers of tourists. A combination of many

factors has led to the increase in popularity of medical tourism:

high costs of healthcare in industrialized nations, ease and

affordability of international travel, improving technology and

standards of care.

However, rampant recent growth in this sector has made the

government apprehensive. The government is now considering

introduction of a grading system which would grade hospitals and

clinics, thus helping tourists in selecting one for their treatments.

Culture

Kerala's culture is mainly Dravidian in origin, deriving from

a greater Tamil-heritage region known as Tamilakam. Later,
Kerala's culture was elaborated on through centuries of contact
with overseas cultures. Native performing
arts include koodiyattom, kathakali – from Katha ("story")
and kali ("play") – and its offshoot Kerala

natanam, koothu (akin to stand-up

comedy), mohiniaattam ("dance of the

enchantress"), thullal, padayani, and theyyam. Other arts are more

religion- and tribal-themed. These include chavittu nadakom, oppana

(originally from Malabar), which combines dance, rhythmic hand

clapping, and ishal vocalizations. However, many of these artforms

largely play to tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as

popular among most ordinary Keralites. These people look to

more contemporary art and performance styles, including those

employing mimicry and parody. Additionally, a substantial

Malayalam film industry effectively competes against both Bollywood

and Hollywood.
 Several ancient ritualized arts are Keralite in origin; these

include kalarippayattu (kalari ("place", "threshing floor", or

"battlefield") and payattu ("exercise" or "practice")). Among the

world's oldest martial arts, oral tradition attributes kalarippayattu’s

emergence to Parasuraman. Other ritual arts include

theyyam,poorakkali and Kuthiyottam.

Kuthiyottam is a ritualistic symbolic representation of human

bali (homicide). Folklore exponents see this art form, with

enchanting well structured choreography and songs, as one among

the rare Adi Dravida folklore traditions still preserved and practiced

in Central Kerala in accordance to the true tradition and

environment. Typical to the Adi Dravida folk dances and songs,

the movements and formations of dancers (clad in white thorthu

and banyan) choreographed in Kuthiyottam are quick, peaks at a

particular point and ends abruptly. The traditional songs also start

in a stylish slow pace, then gain momentum and ends abruptly.

Kuthiyotta Kalaris’, run by Kuthiyotta Ashans

(Teachers or leaders), train the group to perform the dances and

songs. Normally, the training starts about one to two months

before the season. Young boys between 8 to 14 years are

taught Kuthiyottam, a ritual dance in the house amidst a big

social gathering before the portrait of the deity. Early in the

morning on Bharani, after the feast and other rituals, the boys

whose bodies are coiled with silver wires, one end of which is

tied around his neck and an arecanut fixed on the tip of a

knife held high over his head are taken in procession to the

temple with the accompaniment of beating of drums, music,

ornamental umbrellas, and other classical folk art forms, and richly

caparisoned elephants.

All through the way to the temple tender coconut water will

be continually poured on his body. After the circumambulation the

boys stands at a position facing the Sreekovil (Sanctum

Sanctorum) and begins to dance. This ceremony ends with

dragging the coil pierced to the skin whereby a few drops of

blood comes out.

On this day just after midday the residents of

the locality bring huge decorated effigies of Bhima panchalia,

Hanuman and extremely beautiful tall chariots in wheeled platforms,

and after having darshan the parties take up their respective

position in the paddy fields lying east of the temple.

During the night, the image of Devi will be carried in

procession to the effigies stationed in the paddy fields. On the

next day these structures will be taken back. A big bazaar is

also held at Chetikulangara as part of this festival. Kuthiyottam

is the main vazipadu of the Chettikulangara temple, Mavelikkara.

In respect of Fine Arts, the State has an

abounding tradition of both ancient and contemporary art and

artists.The traditional Kerala murals are found in ancient temples,

churches and palaces across the State. These paintings, mostly

dating back between the 9th to 12th centuries AD, display a

distinct style, and a colour code which is predominantly ochre

and green.

Like the rest of India, religious diversity is very prominent in

Kerala. The principal religions are Hinduism, Christianity, and

Islam; Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism, and Buddhism have smaller

followings. The states historic ties with the rest of the world has

resulted in the state having many famous temples, churches, and

mosques. The Paradesi Synagogue in Kochi is the oldest in the

Commonwealth of Nations.

Recognising the potential of tourism in the diversity of religious

faiths, related festivals and structures, the tourism department

launched a Pilgrimage tourismproject.

Major pilgrim tourism attractions

include Guruvayur, Sabarimala, Malayatoor, Paradesi synagogue,

St. Mary's Forane (Martha Mariam) Church Kuravilangad built in

105 A.D, Attukal Pongala(which has the Guinness record for being

the largest gathering of women in the planet) and Chettikulangara

Bharani

Advertising campaigns

Kerala Tourism is noted for its innovative and market-

focused ad campaigns. These campaigns have won the tourism

department numerous awards, including the Das Golden Stadttor

Award for Best Commercial, 2006, Pacific Asia Travel

Association- Gold Award for Marketing, 2003 and the

Government of India's Best Promotion Literature, 2004,Best

Publishing, 2004 and Best Tourism Film, 2001.

Catchy slogans and innovative designs are considered a

trademark of brand Kerala Tourism. Celebrity promotions are also

used to attract more tourists to the state. The Kerala tourism

website is widely visited, and has been the recipient of many

awards. Recently, the tourism department has also engaged in

advertising via mobiles, by setting up a WAP portal, and

distributing wallpapers and ringtones related to Kerala through it.

Threats to the tourism industry

With increasing threats posed by global

warming and changing weather patterns, it is feared that much

of Kerala's low lying areas might be susceptible to beach erosions

and coastal flooding . The differing monsoon patterns also suggest

possible tropical cyclones in the future.

Awards and Accolades

The state has won numerous awards for its tourism initiatives.

These include:

2005 - Nominated as one among the three finalists at the World

Travel and Tourism Council's ‘Tourism for Tomorrow’ awards in

the destination category.

 Das Golden Stadttor Award for Best Commercial, 2006

 Pacific Asia Travel Association

 Grand award for Environment, 2006

 Gold award for Ecotourism, 2006

 Gold award for Publication, 2006

 Gold Award for E-Newsletter, 2005

 Honourable Mention for Culture, 2005

 Gold Award for Culture, 2004

 Gold Award for Ecotourism, 2004

 Gold Award for CD-ROM, 2004 and 2003

 Gold Award for Marketing, 2003

 Grand Award for Heritage, 2002

 Pacific Asia Travel Writers Association

 International Award for Leisure Tourism, 2000–2001

 Government of India

 Best Performing Tourism State, 2005

 Best Maintained Tourist-friendly Monument, 2005

 Best Publishing, 2005

 Best Marketed and Promoted State, 2004.

 Best Maintained Tourist-friendly Monument, 2004

 Best Innovative Tourism Project, 2004

 Best Promotion Literature, 2004

 Best Publishing, 2004

 Best Performing State for 2003, 2001, 2000 and 1999 -

Award for Excellence in Tourism.

 Best Practices by a State Government, 2003

 Best Eco-tourism Product, 2003

 Best Wildlife Sanctuary, 2003

 Most Innovative Use of Information Technology, 2003 and

2001

 Most Tourist-friendly International Airport, 2002

 Most Eco-friendly Destination, 2002

 Best Tourism Film, 2001

 Outlook Traveller - TAAI

 Best State that promoted Travel & Tourism, 2000–2001

 Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

 Award for Best Marketing, 2003

 Award for Best Use of IT in Tourism, 2003

 Galileo - Express Travel & Tourism

 Award for the Best Tourism Board, 2006

 Award for the Best State Tourism Board, 2003

Kerala Back waters

The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish

lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast

(known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state insouthern India.

The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both

manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually

half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by

the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier

islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down

from the Western Ghats range.

The Kerala Backwaters are a network of

interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system

formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes

compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape

there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the

starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway

No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km

and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala

facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.

The backwaters have a unique ecosystem - freshwater from

the rivers meets the seawater from the Arabian Sea. In certain
areas, such as the Vembanad Kayal, where a barrage has been

built near Kumarakom, salt water from the sea is prevented from

entering the deep inside, keeping the fresh water intact. Such

fresh water is extensively used for irrigation purposes.

Many unique species of aquatic life including crabs, frogs

and mudskippers, water birds such as terns, kingfishers, darters

and cormorants, and animals such as otters and turtles live

in and alongside the backwaters. Palm trees, pandanus

shrubs, various leafy plants and bushes grow alongside the

backwaters, providing a green hue to the surrounding landscape.

Vembanad Kayal is the largest of the lakes, covering an

area of 200 km², and bordered by Alappuzha

(Alleppey), Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts. The port of Kochi

(Cochin) is located at the lake's outlet to the Arabian Sea.

Alleppey, "Venice of the East", has a large network of canals

that meander through the town. Vembanad is India’s longest

lake.
House boat

The kettuvallams (Kerala houseboats) in the backwaters are

one of the prominent tourist attractions in Kerala. More than

2000 kettuvallams ply the backwaters, 120 of them in

Alappuzha . Kerala government has classified the tourist

houseboats as Platinum, Gold and silver.

The kettuvallams were traditionally used as grain barges, to

transport the rice harvested in the fertile fields alongside the

backwaters. Thatched roof covers over wooden hulls, 100 feet

(30 m) in length, provided protection from the elements. At some

point in time the boats were used as living quarters by the

royalty. Converted to accommodate tourists, the houseboats have

become floating cottages having a sleeping area, with western-

style toilets, a dining area and a sit out on the deck. Most

tourists spend the night on a house boat. Food is cooked on

board by the accompanying staff – mostly having a flavour of

Kerala. The houseboats are of various patterns and can be hired

as per the size of the family or visiting group. The living-cum-

dining room is usually open on at least three sides providing a

grand view of the surroundings, including other boats, throughout

the day when it is on the move. It is brought to a standstill at

times of taking food and at night. After sunset, the boat crew

provide burning coils to drive away mosquitoes. Ketuvallams are

motorised but generally proceed at a slow speed for smooth

travel. All ketuvallams have a generator and most bedrooms are

air-conditioned. At times, as per demand of customers, electricity

is switched off and lanterns are provided to create a rural setting.

While many ketuvalloms take tourists from a particular point and

bring them back to around the same point next morning there

are some specific cruises mostly in the Alappuzha area, such as

the one night cruise from Alappuzha to Thotapally via Punnamada

Lake, two nights cruise from Alappuzha to Alumkavadi, one night

cruise from Alappuzha to Kidangara, and one night cruise from

Alappuzha to Mankotta. There are numerous such cruises. The

most exciting thing on the backwaters of Kerala, however, is the

Kettuvallam ( traditional houseboat ) which has become the most

popular tourism product in India today. In a land as water bound

as Kerala it wouldn't be an unusual sight, but for a visitor to

God's Own Country a houseboat gliding along the vast green

expanse of the backwaters is the most amazing spectacle in the

world.

Even more enchanting is a holiday in the houseboats of Kerala.

Beypore, located 10 km south of Kozhikode at the mouth of the

Chaliyar River, is a famous fishing harbour, port and boat building

centre. Beypore has a 1,500 year-tradition of boatbuilding. The

skill of the local shipwrights and boat builders are widely sought

after. There is a houseboat-building yard at Alumkadavu, in

Ashtamudi Kayal near Kollam.

Ferry services

Regular ferry services connect most locations on both banks of

the backwaters.

Resorts

Kumarakom, which was a sleepy town for years, has been

transformed into a busy tourist destination with plush resorts

around the Vembanad Kayal and the backwaters.

Impact on eco-system

The unregulated proliferation of motorised houseboats in the lakes

and backwaters have raised concerns regarding the adverse impact

of pollution from diesel engines and outboard motors on the

fragile ecosystem.
Economic significance

Connected by artificial canals, the backwaters form an economical

means of transport, and a large local trade is carried on by

inland navigation. Fishing, along with fish curing is an important

industry.

Kerala backwaters have been used for centuries by the local

people for transportation, fishing and agriculture. It has supported

the efforts of the local people to earn a livelihood. In more

recent times, agricultural efforts have been strengthened with

reclamation of some backwater lands for rice growing, particularly

in the Kuttanad area. Boat making has been a traditional craft,

so has been the coir industry.

Kuttanad is crisscrossed with waterways that run alongside

extensive paddy fields, as well as fields of cassava, banana and

yam. A unique feature of Kuttanad is that many of these fields

are below sea level and are surrounded by earthen embankments.

The crops are grown on the low-lying ground and irrigated with

fresh water from canal and waterways connected to Vembanad

lake. The area is similar to the dikes of the Netherlands where

land has been reclaimed from the sea and crops are grown.
Ecological significance
Vembanad Kol Wetland and Ashtamudi Wetland were included in

the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the

Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization

of wetlands.

Boat races

Chundan vallams or snake boats are narrow boats over 100 feet

(30 m) long, with a raised prow that stands 10 feet (3.0 m)

above water and resembles the hood of a snake. Traditionally

these were used by local rulers to transport soldiers during

waterfront wars. In modern times, it has spawned a new sport

– theVallam Kali (boat race). Each chundan vallam accommodates

about a hundred muscular oarsmen.

Boat races are occasions of great excitement and entertainment

with thousands gathered on the banks to watch and cheer. Most

of these races are held in the Kuttanad region of Alappuzha.

When Jawaharlal Nehru visited Kerala in 1952, four traditional

chundan valloms went to receive him. A snake boat race was

organised for him. He was so impressed that when he went

back to Delhi, he sent back a gleaming silver trophy for a boat

race. Even today, the 1.5 km Nehru Trophy Boat Race is the
most prestigious. It is held during the Onam harvest festival in

August in Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha.

The Thazhathangadi boat race held every year on Meenachil

river, at Thazhathangadi, Kottayam is one of the oldest and

popular boat races in the state.

Other renowned boat races are: Indira Gandhi Boat Race,

Champakulam Moolam Boat Race, Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali,

Payippad Jalotsavam, kallada boat race and Kumarakom Boat

Race.

Kumarakom

The village of Kumarakom is a cluster of little islands on the

Vembanad Kayal, and is part of the Kuttanad region. The blue

backwaters of Vembanad Kayal and the amazing shades of green

of the vegetation, combines with the quietness of the place to

make it an idyllic holiday destination. Many of the resorts also

offer ayurvedic treatment. While Kuttanad is ideal for a house

boat cruise, the resorts are the main attraction in Kumarakonam.

One can also take a boat trip in Kumaramonam It is located

15 km west of Kottayam. The bird sanctuary and the drift

Srinivas, a singer summed up: “Imagine opening your eyes every

morning to a sheet of still, blue water and majestic palm tress

gently swaying in the breeze. To define the feeling in one

sentence: Nature undisturbed by man is wonderful and inspiring,

and Kumarakom is just that!”

Backwater regions in Kerala Other than Kumarakom

Kollam

Kollam (earlier known as Quilon) was one of the leading trade

centres of the ancient world, eulogised by travellers such as Ibn

Battuta and Marco Polo. It is also the starting point of the

backwater waterways. The Ashtamudi Kayal, known as the gateway

to the backwaters, covers about 30 per cent of Kollam.

Sasthamcotta Kayal, the large fresh water lake is 28.5 km from

Kollam city.

The 8 hours boat ride from Kollam to Alappuzha is the longest

cruise in Kerala and is delightful ride with lotuses and water

lilies all around. The historic Thangasseri Fort is near Kollam,

which is situated 71 km north of Thiruvananathapuram.

Alappuzha

With the Kuttanad region and the Vembanad Kayal nearby,

Alappuzha (earlier known as Alleppy) attracts tourists throughout

the year. The criss-crossing canals in the area evoke comparisons

withVenice, but the differences are also substantial. Each has an

identity of its own. Amongst the notable sights is the palm

covered Pathiramanal Island in Vembanad Kayal, one hour by

boat from Alappuzha. The place is famous for the snake boat

races and also has a number of historic colonial buildings and

a beach.

Kuttanad

The Kuttanad region is a vast area of partly reclaimed land,

covered with bright green paddy fields, separated by dikes. The

level of water is a few feet higher than the level of the

surrounding land. It is an amazing labyrinth of shimmering

waterways composed of lakes, canals, rivers and rivulets. Lined

with dense tropical greenery, it offers a glimpse into rural lifestyles

of Kerala. Kuttanad is a backwater paradise and an ideal

destination for a backwater cruise in Kerala. It is possible to drift

along in a houseboat and enjoy the scenic view of the Kerala

countryside.
Munroe island

Munroethuruth or Munroe Island is a place surrounded by kallada

river, Ashtamudi Lake and Sasthamkotta Lake in Kollam district

,MunroeIsland is a cluster of eight tiny islands, Blessed with a

number of criss-cross canals and zigzag water channels, this

Island plays a host to so many migratory birds from various

countries around the world. You can watch birds such as King

fisher, Woodpecker, Egret,Bee-eater, Crow pheasant, and Paddy

Birds. There is yet another rare chance to see the traditional

Indian spice plants such as Pepper, Nutmeg and Cloves.

The first community tourism programme in the State will start

functioning from the MunroeThuruthu islands.Coir making is a

home industry to almost all the village living people. It is very

interesting to watch the coir making by the village ladies with

the help of weaving Wheels. They make the coir ropes by hand.

In addition to this, on the way, you can see the process of

extracting coconut oil from the "copra" [dried coconut]. Among the

routine traditional engagements, duck, poultry farm and prawn

breeding are common in all houses.

Kasargod

Kasargod in north Kerala is a backwater destination, known for

rice cultivation, coir processing and lovely landscape, it has the

sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the north and east.

Cruise options are Chandragiri and Valiyaparamba. Chandragiri is

situated 4 km to the southeast of Kasargod town and takes

tourists to the historic Chandragiri fort.

Valiyaparamba is a scenic backwater stretch near Kasargod. Four

rivers flow into the backwaters near Kasargod and there are

many small islands along these backwater stretches, where birds

can be seen.

Thiruvallam

Thiruvallam backwaters are just 6 km from Thiruvananthapuram,

the state capital. Known for its canoe rides Thiruvallam is

becoming increasingly popular with tourists. Two rivers, the Killi

and the Karamana come together at Thiruvallam. Not far from

Thiruvallam is the Veli Lagoon, where there are facilities for water

sports, a waterfront park and a floating bridge. The Akkulam Boat

club, which offers boating cruises on Akkulam Lake and a park

for children, is also a popular tourist attraction near Thiruvallam.

Kozhikode

Kozhikode (also known as Calicut) has backwaters which are

largely “unexplored” by tourist hordes. Elathur, the Canoly Canal

and the Kallayi River are favourite haunts for boating and

cruising.Korapuzha, the venue of the Korapuzha Jalotsavam is

fast becoming a popular water sport destination.

Kumarakom

Kumarakom is a popular tourism destination located near the city

of Kottayam (16 kilometres (10 mi)), in Kerala, India, famous for

its backwater tourism. It is set in the backdrop of the Vembanad

Lake which is the largest freshwater lake in the state of Kerala.

Environment

Kumarakom is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna.

Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is a noted bird sanctuary where many

species of migratory birds visit. The Vembanad Lake, the largest

backwater in Kerala, is habitat for many marine and freshwater

fish species and it teems with Karimeen (Pearl spot), shrimp

(chemmeen in the local language) and prawns. The bird sanctuary

extends over 14 acres (57,000 m²), and came into existence

following preservation efforts from the government. It is a major

tourist attraction.

Economy

Agriculture, fishing and tourism are the major economic activities.

Kumarakom's perfectly balanced tropical climate is very conductive

to cultivation. The place has expanses of mangrove forests, paddy

fields and coconut groves. Fruits like Banana, Mango, Jackfruit,

Ambazhanga, Puli, Chaambenga, Peraycka, Aathaycka and

Pineapple grow here. Also, cocoa and coffee, chena(yam) and

chembu(colocasia, grow well and were cultivated under the coconut

trees. This rich agricultural environment is mainly irrigated using

interspersed waterways and canals of the Meenachil river. The

smaller canals are often lined by hibiscus plants which lean partly

over the canals to form a green canopy, from which hang the

lovely hibiscus flowers.

In the olden days, when the bund separating the backwaters

from the sea was not yet built, the water in the canals moved
in and out with the sea tide and it was salty. After the

Thanneermukkam bund was constructed, the connection to the

open sea was not free anymore, and so the tidal movement of

the water in the canals stopped. It stagnated and then plenty of

water hyacinths started growing densely in the canals,forming

lovely green carpets with pale lilac flowers carpets.

Boats and Kumarakom Boat Race

Kumarakom has a wide variety of houseboats and is well known

throughout the world for housbeoat experience. They are used

only for tourists these days. A separate boat known as Kettuvallam

is used by the people to go fishing or to transport goods. Apart

from these, there are elegant special boats like Kochu-odi Vallam,

Odi-Vallam, Iruttukutthi Vallam, Churulan Vallam and Chundan

Vallam(Snake Boat), which take part in the boat races around

Onam time. The Kumarakom boat-race is conducted in the big

canal in the centre near the market. There is a private sailing

club in Kumarakom, located on the shore of the Vembanad lake.

Modes of access

One can access Kumarakom by many means:

By air: via Cochin International Airport approximately 80 kilometres

(50 mi).

By rail: via Kottayam

By boat: From Muhamma (near Alappuzha) to Kumarakom Jetty.

By road:(16 kilometres) Buses and taxis are easily available at

all times of the day from Kottayam.

Tourism

Tourism in Kumarakom largely revolves around the backwaters of

the Vembanad Lake. Several luxury and budget resorts lined up

on the shores of the lake provide tourists with facilities for

boating, yachting and fishing, with panoramic views of the lake.

The other major attraction is the Bird Sanctuary which can be

visited by canoes arranged by local fishermen at the entrance to

the sanctuary. A two-hour rowing canoe trip is quite cheap, and

is best undertaken in the evening or early morning to avoid the

afternoon sun.
Taj Garden Retreat the first modern tourist resort in Kumarakom

is established in the Victorian two storied bungalow built by Alfred

George Baker in the year 1881, on huge pieces of Teak wood

rafters packed in mud as a base. This house on the lake at

Kumarakom was the house of four generations of the Baker

family, for over a hundred years. The bird Sanctuary and the

two storied Bungalow built by Mr.A G Baker on the muddy land

are places of interest for tourists from all over the world. The

bungalow still remains grand but silent reminder of an age and

people whose hard work cannot be erased by time.

Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things is set in Ayemenem

or Aymanam village, which adjoins Kumarakom. The explosive

success of this novel has given some added tourism impetus to

this area. The Taj Garden Retreat hotel complex is centered

around a building that is called "History House" in the novel; it

was built by British missionary Alfred George Baker, whom the

locals called "Kari Saipu" (possibly an elided form of "Baker

Sahib"), as in the novel. Four generations of Bakers lived in the

house until 1962, speaking Malayalam, and even wearing the

mundu. The Baker Memorial School, Kottayam, was started by a

daughter of this family in 1925. The Baker family's house is in

ruins in the novel, as it was in reality before was developed

into a hotel and has been restored by the Taj group. The

Ayemenem house, where Arundhati Roy spent part of her

childhood (like the twins in the story), can also be visited in the

village, which can be reached by boat along the Meenachil river

that figures prominently in the story.

Kumarakom has been declared a Special Tourism Zone by the

Kerala state Government, as legislated for by Kerala Tourism Act,

2005. Development in the area is therefore now controlled by

the guidelines written by the STZ committee, and published at

http://www.keralatourism.org/specialtourism.php

Alapuzha

Alappuzha, also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha

District of Kerala state of southern India. A town with picturesque

canals, backwaters, beaches, and lagoons, it was described as

the one of the places known as "Venice of the East" by Marco

Polo (1292). It is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha

District. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English

and Tamil are also widely understood in the town.

Vembanad lake

Vembanad Lake is the longest lake in India, and the largest

lake in the state of Kerala. It is also one of the largest lakes,

in India. A lake spanning several districts in the state of

Kerala, it is known by different names in different localities viz.

Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad, Kochi Lake in Kochi. The Port of

Kochi is located around two islands (the Willingdon Island and

Vallarpadam) in a portion of this lake known as the Kochi Lake.

The celebrated Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion

of this lake, in the Kuttanad region, known as the Punnamada

Lake.

Portions The Punnamada Lake

Punnamada Lake is the portion of the Vembanad Lake located

in the Kuttanad region of the district of Alappuzha. It is in this

portion of the lake that the celebrated Nehru Trophy Boat Race

is conducted.
The Kochi Lake

Kochi Lake is the portion of the Vembanad Lake located in and

around the Kochi mainland. Among the several groups of small

islands that the Kochi Lake forms home are, Vypin, Mulavukad,

Vallarpadam, Willingdon Island etc. Kochi Lake is home for the

Kochi Port which is build around the Willingdon Island, as well

as the Vallarpadam island.

Geography and hydrography

The Vembanad wetland system covers an area of over 2033.02

km² thereby making it the largest wetland system in

India. Of this, an area of 398.12 km² is located below the

MSL and a total of 763.23 km² area is located below 1 m MSL.

The lake is bordered by Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Ernakulam

districts. It lies at sea level, and is separated from the Arabian

Sea by a narrow barrier island. Canals link the lake to other

coastal lakes to the north and south. The lake surrounds the

islands of Pathiramanal, Perumbalam andPallippuram. The

Vembanad Lake is approximately 14 kilometres wide at its widest

point. The lake is a part of Vembanad-Kol wetland system which

extends from Alappuzha in the south to Azheekkode in the north,

making it by far, India's longest lake at just over

96.5 km in length. The lake is fed by 10 rivers flowing into it

including the six major rivers of central Kerala namely the

Achenkovil, Manimala, Meenachil, Muvattupuzha, Pamba and

Periyar. The total area drained by the lake is 15,770 km²,

which accounts for 40% of the area of Kerala. Its annual surface

runoff of 21,900 Mm accounts for almost 30% of the total surface

water resource of the state.

The lake has become a major tourist location in the past few

years[when?] thanks to its scenic beauty. The most popular

location on the shores of the lake is the Kumarakom Tourist

Village situated on the east coast of the lake. The Kumarakom

Bird Sanctuary is located on the northern fringes of Kumarakom

village. The Vembanad Wetland system was included in the list

of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar

Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of

wetlands in 2002. It is the largest of the three Ramsar Sites in

the state of Kerala. Vembanad lake has been heavily reclaimed

over the course of the past century with the water spread area

reducing from 290.85 km² in 1917 to 227 km² in 1971 and

213.28 km² in 1990. In the same period almost 63.62 km of

erstwhile water spread were reclaimed primarily for formation of

polders and to enlarge the extent of the Wellington island of

Cochin port. The lake faces a major ecological crisis and has

reduced to 37 per cent of its original area, as a result of land

reclamation.

A unique characteristic of the lake is the location of the 1252-

meter-long Thanneermukkom salt water barrier. The

Thanneermukkom salt water barrier was constructed as a part of

the Kuttanad Development Scheme to prevent tidal action and

intrusion of salt water into the Kuttanad low-lands. It is the

largest mud regulator in India. This barrier essentially divides the

lake into two parts - one with brackish water perennially and the

other half with fresh water fed by the rivers draining in to the

lake. This barrier has helped the farmers in Kuttanad by freeing

the area of salinity and adding another crop in dry season. The

Thanneermukkom barrier is located at the one of the narrower

part of the Vembanad Lake. Only two-thirds of the original number

of gates is opened in July to release flood flow. These gates

remain closed mid-

November. The main drawback of the structure has been the

loss of opportunity for marine fish and prawns to migrate upstream

and an increase in weed growth in the upstream and finally,

severely restricted the natural flushing of pollutants. The

Thanneermukkom bund has also created ecological problems,

primarily, the rampant propagation of the Water Hyacinth in fresh

water.

Cities

The port of Kochi (Cochin) is located at the lake's outlet to the

Arabian Sea. In Cochin, the stretch from Kochi Azhi to Munambam

Azhi, the serene backwaters are popularly known as Veeranpuzha.

It is the northern extension of Vembanad Lake. The town of

Alappuzha (also known as Allepey), sometimes called the "Venice

of the East" for its large network of canals that meander through

the town - is sandwiched between the lake and the Arabian sea.

The Vallam Kali (the Snake Boat Race) held every year in

August is a major attraction. Over 1.6 million people live on the

banks of the Vembanad lake and are directly or indirectly

dependent on it for their livelihoods.

Tourism

Vembanad Lake is at the heart of Kerala Backwaters tourism

with hundreds of kettuvallams crisscrossing it and numerous resorts

nestling on its banks. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located

on the east coast of the lake. The lake is famous for its scenic

beauty and has become a major tourist attraction.

Inland Transport

The Vembanad Wetland system has formed an intricate network

of estuaries, lagoons and canals which spans over 196 km in

the northsouth and 29 km in the east-west directions. Almost all

villages in these areas can be accessed via water transport. The

major rivers of Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Pamba and Achencovil

rivers, are all navigable up to distances of about 30 km upstream

in the tidal reach. The Kottappuram-Kollam segment of the west

coast canal system has a major chunk passing through the

Vembanad Lake and spans a total of 209 km. It has been

declared as a National Waterway.

Nearest attractions
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary

Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary (also known as Vembanad Bird

Sanctuary) is situated at Kumarakom in Kottayam district in the

Indian state of Kerala, on the banks of Vembanad Lake. Set in

the Kerala Backwaters the bird sanctuary is an ornithologist's

paradise and a favourite haunt of migratory birds.

History

Developed in a rubber plantation as a bird sanctuary by an

Englishman, the sanctuary was formerly known as Baker’s Estate.

Geography

The sanctuary is spread over 14 acres (57,000 m2) on the

southern bank of the Kavanar River. It has well laid out paths

for moving around within the sanctuary. Beyond the sanctuary

one can take a boat ride in Vembanad Lake or along the

Kavanar River.

Kumarakom is 14 km (8.7 mi) from Kottayam. State Highway No.

1 leads to Kochi and Thiruvanthapuram in opposite directions.

Kochi International Airport at Nedumbassery is 106 km (66 mi)

from Kumarakom.

Neighbouring areas such as Kaipuzha Muttu, Pathirmanal,

Narakathara, Thollairam Kayal, and Poothanpandi Kayal are also

good locations for spotting birds.

Kerala has a tropical climate.

Fauna

The main attractions are local birds like

the waterfowl, cuckoo, owl, egret, heron, cormorant, moorhen, d

arter, Brahminy kite and the duck, as well as the migratory

Siberian crane. Parrot, teal, lark, flycatcher, and other birds are

seen here during their respective migratory seasons. Some of the

migratory birds come from the Himalayas, and a few from far

away Siberia.

Dawn is the ideal time for bird watching when the birds prepare

to leave their forest homes and fly over the lake. An early

morning trek, well before sunrise, is recommended for avid bird

watchers.
Bird watching

The WWF-India organised a two-day bird watching programme in

2008 at Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary in connection with World

Wetlands Day. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation, which

owns the largest chain of hotels in Kerala, including a resort at

Kumarakom, has plans to introduce guided bird watching trails

and to open an interpretation centre.

Data Analysis
TABLE 01

FREQUENCY OF VISITING ALAPPUZHA

FREQUENCY ONCE TWICE MORTHAN 2 TIMES

PERCENTAGE 40% 32% 28%

 40% of respondents visited Alappuzha for the first time.32% of people visited this place for 2
times. 28% of respondents visited this place more than 2 times

Graph 1
 FREQUENCY OF VISITING ALAPPUZHA

40%

35%

30%

25%

40%
PERCENTAGE 20%
32%
15% 28%

10%

5%

0%
ONCE TWICE MORE THAN 2 TIMES
FREQUENCY
TABLE 2

IDEAL SEASON TO VISIT ALAPPUZHA

SEASON OFF SEASON PEAK SEASON

PERCENTAGE 72% 28%

72% of respondents visited Alappuzha in off season . 28% of respondents visited

Alappuzha in peak season
Graph 2

IDEAL SEASON FOR VISITING ALAPPUZHA

80%

70%

60%

50%

PERCENTAGE 40% 72%

30%

20%
28%

10%

0%
OFF SEASON PEAK SEASON
SEASON
TABLE 3

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION USED IN ALAPPUZHA

MODE PUBLIC PRIVATE RENTED

TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE VEHICLE
CONVENIENCE

PERCENTAGE 16% 54% 24%

54% of respondents used private vehicle for the transportation in Alappuzha. 24% of
respondents used rented vehicle for the transportation in Alappuzha. 16% of respondents
used public convenience for the transportation in Alappuzha.
Graph 3
 MODE OF TRANSPORTATION USED IN
ALAPPUZHA

60%

50%

40%

PERCENTAGE 30% 56%

20%

24%
10% 16%

0%
PUBLIC CONVENIENCE MODEPRIVATE
OF TRANSPORTATION
VEHICLE RENTED VEHICLE
TABLE 4

FREQUENCY OF VISITING RESORTS IN ALAPPUZHA

FREQUENCY ONCE MORE THAN TWISE

PERCENTAGE 56% 44%

From the information in the table,56% of respondents visited resorts in Alappuzha once.
44% of respondents visited resorts in Alappuzha more than twice.
Graph 4

FREQUENCY OF VISITING RESORTS IN

ALAPPUZHA

60%

50%

40%

PERCENTAGE 30% 56%

44%
20%

10%

0%
ONCE MORE THAN TWICE
FREQUENCY
TABLE 5

SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT RESORTS IN ALAPPUZHA

SOURCE FRIENDS & TRAVEL AGENTS ADVERTISEMENTS&

RELATIVES BROCHURES

PERCENTAGE 84% 4% 12%

84% of respondents came to know about resorts in Alappuzha through friends &relatives.
12% of respondents came to know about resorts in Alappuzha through advertisement
&brochures. 4% of respondents came to know about resorts in Alappuzha through travel
agents.
Graph 5
 SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT
RESORTS IN ALAPPUZHA

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%
PERCENTAGE 84%
40%

30%

20%

10% 12%
4%
0%

SOURCES

TABLE 6
 OPINION ABOUT THE PACKAGES RECEIVED

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 48% 52%

52% of respondents didn’t got any packages from the resorts. 48% of respondents got
packages from the resorts.
Graph 6

OPINION ABOUT THE PACKAGES RECEIVED

52%

51%

50%

52%
PERCENTAGE 49%

48%

48%
47%

46%
YES OPINION NO
TABLE 7

SATISFACTION OF THE GUEST ABOUT THE HOSPITALITY

PROVIDED

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 96% 4%

96% of respondents satisfied with the hospitality provided by the resorts. 4% of

respondents are not satisfied with the hospitality provided by the resorts.
Graph 7

SATISFACTION OF THE GUEST ABOUT THE

HOSPITALITY PROVIDED

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

96%
PERCENTAGE 50%

40%

30%

20%

10%
4%
0%
YES OPINION NO
TABLE 8

IMPORTANCE OF ALAPPUZHA IN KERALA TOURISM.

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 56% 44%

56% of respondents opinioned that the tourism potential of Alappuzha is fully exploited
by the tourism authority. 44% of respondents opinioned that the tourism potential of
Alappuzha is not fully exploited by the tourism authority.
Graph 8
 Importance of Alappuzha

60

50

40

no
percentage 30 56 yes

44
20

10

0
yes no
TABLE 9

Importance of eco tourism in kerala

Opinion YES NO

PERCENTAGE 76% 24%

• 76% of respondents think that policies of the tourism department is eco friendly, 24% of the
respondents think that policies of the eco tourism is not eco friendly.
Graph 9

IMPORTANCE OF ECO TOURISM

80%
70%
60%
50%
NO
40% 76%
YES
30%
20%
24%
10%
0%
YES NO
TABLE 10

GUIDE SERVICE PROVIDED BY THE HOTEL

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 56% 44%

• 56% of the respondents responded that guide service is provided by the hotel, 44% of the
respondents has not received guide service.
Graph 10
 GUIDE SERVICE PROVIDED BY THE HOTEL

60%
50%
40%
56% NO
PERCENTAGE 30%
44%
YES
20%
10%
0%
YES NO
OPINION
TABLE 11

SATISFACTION AT BACWATER REORTS IN ALAPUZHA

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 96% 4%

• 96% of respondents is satisfied with the backwaters in Alappuzha, 4% of the respondents are not
satisfied with the backwater resorts in Alappuzha.
Graph 11

SATISFACTION AT BACWATER REORTS IN

ALAPPUZHA

100%

80%

60% 96% NO
PERCENTAGE
40% YES
20%
4%
0%
YES NO
OPINION
TABLE 12

SPECIAL FACILITIES PROVIDED

OPINION AYURVEEDIC NATURAL OTHERS

TREATMENT MESSAGING

PERCENTAGE 64% 16% 20%

• 64% of respondents has got ayurvedic treatment as a special facility, 16% of respondents have got
natural message as special facility.
Graph 12

SPECIAL FACILITIES PROVIDED

70%
60%
50%
40%
PERCENTAGE 64% others
30%
natural messaging
20%
25% ayurvedic treatment
10% 16%
0%
ayurvedic natural others
treatment messaging
OPINION
TABLE 13

GAMES PROMOTED

GAMES GOLF SNOOKER TABLE TENNIS OTHERS

PERCENTAGE 24% 36% 64% 24%

 • 24% of respondents say that golf is the game which is promoted in Alappuzha resorts, 36% of
respondents say that snooker is the game which is promoted in Alappuzha resort, 64% of
respondents say that table tennis is the game which is promoted in Alappuzha resort, 24% of
respondents say that others is the game which is promoted in Alappuzha resort

Graph 13
 GAMES PROMOTED

70%
60%
50% others
40% table tennis
64%
30% snookertable tennis

20% 36% golf

24% 24%
10%
0%
golf snooker table tennis others
TABLE 14

PREFERABILITY OF THE CUISINE

CUISINE SEAFOOD CHINEESE TANDOOR

PERCENTAGE 80% 4% 16%

• 52% of respondents prefer seafood, 4% of people respondents Chinese, 16% of respondents

prefer tandoor.
Graph 14

PREFERABILITY OF THE CUISINE

80%
70%
60%
tandoor
50%
80% chineese
40%
30% seafood
20%
10% 16%
4%
0%
seafood chineese tandoor
TABLE 15

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 92% 8%

• 92% of respondents are satisfied with the climatic condition of Alappuzha, 8% of respondents are
not satisfied with the climatic condition of Alappuzha.
Graph 15
100%
90%
80%
70%
60% no

50% 92% yes

40%
30%
20%
10% 8%
0%
yes no
TABLE 16

OPINION YES NO

PERCENTAGE 96% 4%

• 96% of respondents would like to revisit Alappuzha, 4% of respondents would not like to revisit
Alappuzha.
Graph 16

100%
90%
80%
70%
60% no
96% yes
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 4%
0%
yes no
Conclusion
 Conclusion

According to the questionnaire, it can be concluded that

resorts in Kumarakom are attracting the guest and can get repeated customer.This

is showing the potential ability of the resorts to grab the customer’s attraction.

Majority of the respondant says that they like to visit

Kumarakom in off seasons that are almost the period during January to July. But

some do give the testimonials about the mansoon visit. This shows that the

Kumarakom is likely to be a year round tourism destination where the multi type

tourists like different seasons and this also shows the versatility of the place.

Most of the respondants like to have private vehicles in

course of the time of visit and some respondent like rented vehicles and a very few

like public transportation. This fining is true that they would like have their own
vehicle but most of the tourists are using the rented vehicles arranged by the travel

agents and the hotel itself.

More than half of the respondents is visiting the resorts in

Alappuzha and the place itself for the first time and the others have been there for

more than two times this show there is a healthy combination of new and repeated

guests in this tourism destination.

The testimonials received from the friends and relatives

made them to visit Alappuzha and a very few from adverts and travel agents, This

is also showing the popularity of this place and the word of mouth is the tool which

helps to improve or grow as a international tourism destination.

Half of the respondents reports that they had received

attractive package offers from the resorts of Alappuzha and a others haven’t the

reason for this can be given only by the hotels which does not provide such offers

and a query on that told this is due to the spending nature of the customers.

Majority of the tourists are satisfied with the Hospitality

and over all facilities provided by the resorts in Alappuzha.

Most of the tourists subjected to the resorts in Alappuzha

is saying that the maximum potentials of the place is not explored and not boosted

up by the governments
 The tourists reports the urge of the implement of the eco

tourism modes in Alappuzha because of the over usage of the plastic and the waste

and fuel disposal in the river water is a serious issue to be mended with immediate

effect. The latest reports submitted by the tourism ministry on this issues points out

that the taste of the fishes like Pearl spot has been seriously changed due to the

presence of petroleum products in the backwaters.

Most of the guests are highly satisfied with the extra

facilities offered by the resorts, that is the natural, herbal and Ayurvedic treatments

and classes on Yoga are also been appreciated. Most of the tourists like the

rejuvenation and Panchakarma treatments.

All this shows that the Alappuzha is likely to be a year

round tourism destination where the multi type tourists like different seasons, and

all the facilities like house boats , yachts and the ayurvedic treatment are even

enjoyed by the tourist and the resorts in Alappuzha Plays an importance role in the

improvisation of the tourism in Alappuzha.

Annexure
 QUESTIONNAIRE

Name of respondent :

Nationality :

Age :

Gender : Male Female Occupation :

Monthly income :

(Tick wherever Necessary)

1. How many times have you visited Alappuzha?

Once Twice More than twice

2. At what time you have visited Alappuzha?

Off season Peak season

3. How did you reach Alappuzha?

Public convenience Private Vehicle

 Rented vehicle

4. How many times have you visited backwater resorts in Alappuzha?

Once more than twice

5. How did you come to know about backwater resorts in Kumarakom?

Friends & Relatives Travel agents

Advertisements & Brochures

6. Do you get any season packages during the stay in backwater resorts in
Alappuzha?

Yes no

7. Are you satisfied with the hospitality provided by the backwater resort?

Yes No

8. Do you think the tourism potential of Alappuzha is fully exploited by the

tourism authority?
 Yes No

9. Do you feel the policies of the tourism department eco friendly?

Yes no

10 Does the backwater resort in Alappuzha provide you any guide service?

Yes No

11. Are you satisfied staying at backwater resorts in Alappuzha?

Yes no

12. Do you get any special facilities which the backwater resorts have been
promoting now a days?

Ayurvedic treatment natural massaging others

13 .What are the different types of games which are promoted by the back
water resorts in Alappuzha?

Golf snooker
 table tennis others

14. What types of specialty food does you prefer in Alappuzha?

Seafood Chinese tandoor

15. Are you satisfied with the climatic conditions in Alappuzha?

Yes No

16. Would like to visit Alappuzha again?

Yes no

17. Can you give suggestion to improve the backwater tourism in Alappuzha?

(……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………)
Bibliography
 Bibliography
Books

• Dr. C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology (2003), Vishvaprakashan, New

Delhi.

• Frank Kusy, South India (1995), Cadogan Books, London

• Sarina Singh, Lonely Planet South India,(2009), Lonely Planet, U.S.A

• Motilal, Tourist Guide to Kerala (2008), Sura Books, New Delhi

• Theresa Varghese, Strak World Kerala (2006) Stark World, Pub

Magazines
• Prem Subramaniam, Resorts in Alappuzha, Outlook Traveller, Page 15, Vol.
8, No 12,Dec 2008
• Amit Dixit, Enchanting Alappuzha, Outlook Traveller, Page 15, Vol. 8, No
7,July 2008

Internet
• www.Alappuzha.com
• www.paul.in
• www.vivantabytaj.com/Alappuzha-kerala/overview.html
• www.Alappuzhaguide.com