Hydrology GLG 471 - Rain Distribution

Hydrology (GLG 471)

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Course : Hydrology
code : GLG 471

RAIN DISTRIBUTION

1. Distribution of Rain
A. Normal Log Distribution
If Y = log X, then calculations with a normal distribution can practically be
approximated by the following equation:

With :
YT = estimated value that is expected to occur with a T-annual return period,
Y = the average value of the variate count,
s = standard deviation of the variable value,
z = frequency factor,

B. Gumble Distribution
Calculation of planned rainfall according to the Gumbel method, has the
following formulation:

With:
XT = Estimated expected value to occur with the T-annual return period,
X = The average value of the variable count,
s = standard deviation of the variable value,
K = frequency factor, which is a function of the probability or return period
and the type of probability distribution mathematical model used for
opportunity analysis.

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The probability factor K for Gumbel extreme values can be expressed by the
following equation:

With:
Yn =reduced meanwhich depends on the number of samples/data n,
sn =reduced standard deviationwhich also depends on the number of
samples/data,
YTR = reduced variate, which can be calculated by the following equation:

TR = Repeat.
2. Rain of Plans
In the rain-flow analysis to estimate the design flood discharge, it is
necessary to input the design rain into a watershed system. The design rain can be
in the form of rain depth at a point or a design rain hietograph which is the
distribution of rain as a function of time during heavy rain. Waterwork planning is
based on the design flood discharge obtained from the rain-flow analysis, which
can be a design flood with a certain return period.
To calculate the intensity of rainfall used Mononobe formula:

With
= rainfall intensity,
= duration of rainfall (hours),
= maximum rainfall for 24 hours (mm).

3. Synthetic Unit Hydrograph GAMA Method 1

HSS Gama I consists of three main parts, namely the rising limb, crest and
recession limb. HSS Gama I consists of four main variables, namely rise (time of
rise - TR), peak discharge (Qp), base time (TB), and recession side which is

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determined by the value of the storage coefficient (K) which follows the following
equation:
Q1 = Qp e –(t-tp)/K
with:
Q1 : discharge at hour t (m3/d)
Qp : peak discharge (m3/d)
t : time from the peak discharge (hours)
K : coefficient of storage

Then the unit hydrograph is described by four main variables, namely

rising time (Tr), peak discharge (Qp), base time (Tb) and storage coefficient (k) in
the equation:

1. HSS Gama I (TR) peak time

TR = 0.43 ()3 + 1.0665 SIM + 1.2775

2. Base time (TB)

TB = 27.4132 Tr0.1457 S-0.0986 SN0.7344 RUA0.2574

3. Flood peak discharge (QP)

QP = 0.1836A0.5886Tr-0.4008 JN0.2381
4. Recession coefficient
K/C = 0.5617A0.1798S-0.1446SF-1.0897 D0.0452
5. Basic flow
QB = 0.4715A0.6444D0.943

with:
A : watershed area (km2)
L : length of main river (km)
S : the slope of the river bed

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