AR - 404

HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

MID TERM EXAM

Submitted by : Tushar ( 19218013 )

MARINA BAY
SANDS
SINGAPORE
Design Concept
Conceptually, each tower is composed of two slabs of
east and west-facing rooms. The double-loaded
towers spread at the base forming a giant atrium at the
lower levels, and converge as they rise. The glazed
west side faces the city center while the east side is
planted with lush bougainvilleas facing the botanical
gardens and ocean beyond. In plan, as the parcel
varies in width, the cross section is decreased from
one tower to the next. The three void spaces are
connected by one continuous and conditioned glazed
atrium, filling the space between the towers with
restaurants, retail spaces, and a public thoroughfare.
Each tower slab form is also twisted slightly in relation
to its pair, creating a dance-like relationship between
the two parts and accentuating the slenderness of the
buildings, resulting in the appearance of six towers,
rather than three
Construction Challenges
• The first and most critical task was to secure the building
footprint. The entire complex sits on 0.56 million square
meters (6 million square feet) of reclaimed land – sand infill on
deep soft marine clay deposits.
• Marina Bay is a former salt water estuary that is now a fresh
water reserve. Prior to excavation, the site needed to be
reinforced.
• The key challenge of building the hotel towers was the
construction of the part of the towers that slope at an incline.
• Like a suspension bridge, high-tensile steel tendons give an
added layer of support inside the walls.
• The most practical method of erecting the Sky Park was to
prefabricate each of the 14 main steel segments off-site, truck
them to the site, lift them into place and assemble them on
top of the tower.
Façade and Sky Park
• The design solution proposed and
implemented was a custom double-glazed
unitized curtain wall.
• Perpendicular to the façade, glass fins
were installed to provide shading.
• The outer skin follows the natural curved
shape of the buildings, and the use of
reflective glass creates a taught mirrored
façade.
• One of the keys to achieving this aesthetic
was a minimal spandrel panel at the floor
slabs, with a continuous double-glazed
unit spanning the full 3 meters floor to
floor.
Façade and Sky Park
• As one of the aims of the project had been
to minimize the height of the podium
buildings, seeking to reference
Singapore’s pastoral hills more than its
urban core, the problem emerged that the
complex program left no vacant land
suitable for these amenities.
• Creating gardens on top of the roof of the
casino and the convention center was
studied, however these vast spaces
lacked views, overshadowed and
overpowered by the adjacent hotel towers.
The idea emerged to bridge between the
three towers in order to reclaim exterior
garden space and create a 2.5-acre park
in the sky
THE INTERLACE
SINGAPORE
Concept
Site Features
Special Features
INFERENCES
HEARST TOWER
MANHATTAN,
NYC
Concept
ADDITION OF A
OLD STRUCTURE
NEW STRUCTURE

NEW SKYSCRAPER
• An important design specification
was the preservation of the
existing landmark facade and its
incorporation into the new tower
design.
• Hearst’s original intention for this
building was to provide a high
quality working environment for
his employees.
• The building truly seems
celebrating the marriage of the old
and the new type of architecture.
About The Tower FREE FORM
Since the west side of the building is close to another
skyscraper, the service core was put at the west side. As a
result, the eastern edge of the building couldn’t be
reinforced by a central core. In order to eliminate the
structural disadvantage of this unsymmetrical form, the
structures on the perimeter were designed as diagrid
system. The diagrid structural system can provide
sufficient support for the building facade to resist lateral
forces.

EFFICIENCY
Another reason for using a diagrid on the perimeter is that
it is more efficient than the moment frame system. The
complete diagrid system saved 20% of steel material.

REDUNDANCY
In order to prevent collapsing and to withstand extreme
loading events, such as blasts, earthquakes, or
unexpectedly large loads.
Sustainability Features
• INNOVATIVE LANDSCAPE AND EXTERIOR DESIGN
INCREASES BUILDING EFFICIENCY BY 26%.
• EFFECTIVE STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF RAINEWATER
DUMPING INTO NYC’S SEWER SYSTEM BY 30%.
• 85% OF THE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE WAS
RECYCLED FOR THE FUTURE BUILDING.
• ORIGINAL CAST STONE FACADE IS RESTORED.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS WERE CHOSEN WITH
NO HARMFUL CHEMICALS AND MANUFACYURED
WITH RECYCLED CONTENT.
EVOLUTION
TOWER
MOSCOW,
RUSSIA
Concept
• The original concept was combining the city authorities’
ambitions to impress the world with an iconic wedding
palace building and the developer’s intentions to increase
the total gross and rentable areas to make the project
financially viable.

• Finally, both parties united around a sketch of two twisted

ribbons elevated from the Yin and Yang symbols, where
black and white represented the groom and bride
embracing each other in dance.

• The design of the tower crown was further improved

by separating two ribbons with the “veil of the bride”
above the sky bar. The Wedding Palace was a 2,000sqm
“socially orientated” locomotive, hiding behind its
atrium glazing the 80,000-squaremeter office tower
rising above it.
Geometric Transformation Concept
Special Features
• The tower crown, representing the bent of a striped ribbon
facade, consists of two 41-meter-span twisted-steel arches,
with interim steel supports cantilevered from the central
cylindrical concrete core walls, and four smaller arched
supports beneath the white steel ribbon stripes.

• The podium’s terraced and landscaped roof, part of a new

civic plaza, provides public space for recreation activities,
greenry, fountains/water features, open outdoor cafes, and
more.

• The organic twisting silhouette stands out against the

background of extruded glass towers, greatly contributing
to the overall composition of the Moscow-City high-rise
cluster.

• Vegetated green roofs over the retail mall and integrated

coil floor heating under the landscape plaza levels use grey
water in winter to melt the snow and ice for the safety of
pedestrians. Four outdoor travelators move people
between terrace levels of the plaza (a 10-meter height
change) and operate through extreme winter conditions.
TURNING TORSO
SWEDEN
Concept
THANKYOU